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Toaz - Info Introduction To Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 7th Ed Smith Van Ness PR

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37 views13 pages

Toaz - Info Introduction To Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 7th Ed Smith Van Ness PR

Uploaded by

Suleman Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Unit Processes

Mr. Ahmed Hassam Khan


University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

OXIDATION
University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Topics to be covered
• Industrial Applications
– Formalin Production
– Acetic Acid Production
– Ethylene Oxide Production

4/15/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 3


University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Formalin Production

• Formalin is 37 wt% solution of formaldehyde in water.


• Reaction is as follows:

• Silver or zinc oxide catalysts can be used.

4/15/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 4


University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

4/15/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 5


University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Acetic Acid Production

• The major routes for the synthesis of acetic acid


include methanol carbonylation, acetaldehyde
oxidation, butane oxidation and methyl acetate
carbonylation.

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University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

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University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Processing Steps
• Acetaldehyde is converted to acetic acid by liquid phase
catalytic oxidation at a relatively low temperature around 55oC.

• The oxygen for the reaction is supplied by atmospheric air.

• The vent gases mainly consisting of Nitrogen are first scrubbed


with crude acid and then washed with water to remove any
traces of acid carried by vent gases.

• The bottom product from the reactor is sent to a stripping


column where unconverted acetaldehyde is recovered.

• The stripped crude acid along with liquid from wash column is
sent to a distillation column to get pure acetic acid from the
bottom.
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University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Uses
• The uses for acetic acid are as follows:
– 32% is used in the production of vinyl acetate.
– The second largest use is for the production of terephthalic
acid and an equal percentage for the production of acetate
esters.
– A smaller amount is used for making acetic anhydride.

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University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Ethylene Oxide Production


• Ethylene oxide has been produced commercially by two
basic routes:
1. Ethylene chlorohydrin process
2. Direct oxidation process
• The chlorohydrin process involves the reaction of ethylene
with hypochlorous acid followed by de-hydrochlorination
of the resulting chlorohydrin with lime to produce
ethylene oxide and calcium chloride.
• The chlorohydrin process is not economical and was
quickly replaced by the direct oxidation process.
• At the present time, all the ethylene oxide production in
the world is achieved by the direct oxidation process.

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University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Ethylene Oxide Production


• The main reaction is:

• Side Reactions:

4/15/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 11


University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Ethylene Oxide Production


• The direct oxidation technology utilizes the catalytic
oxidation of ethylene with oxygen over a silver-based
catalyst to yield ethylene oxide.
• The process can be divided into two categories
depending on the source of the oxidizing agent:
– Air-based process
– Oxygen-based process

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University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

4/15/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 13

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