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Bred eh TOSS cotssHa’ om] eo pricdelowmstets fakior? CONL “PERS rt ena Any ae Careytnenaencestosters) pateteewastacrioeion® Coe ence ik eng cock Tose? cuts COCHs, ewer Ar Aisle», eek Ack yh oeorZere) ® viexetions come menck Wt se! wydoas HE peck th 8G Give THO methods af Preparation of neoryient®. ne paar’ Bex nyesrs Ey opat 2 KB¥| Y Acatpemen e water and ao 7 Saget CoW)o- plapo— Eb leys bromide Od @ cace tee? Cala) calcjument be . HOS y CHZCHO (fis Hee epecrentt EN) prsater(H20)* ea nat me iio Ales olny _ ‘co, Wy JO: pn[Hsdsy CHO eania Hp JOS clno (atier L) @ ozore(03)F Coha+ OF Aeetyare Meee peseyibe two metho s of Prepausition ee SETEE, HOA TENCE HIELO @®xny7po Holovs add © cold ag apLalke Kranoy @ peated sith opm hgh end }:| Preparation: © crit oH eee ett? @¢ hp RDH E> Colter Propexti = O NE coal DHE Ebbysare CN te edbplene He Prope stic3: ze)thOs 2 4cHO pzorele3)? CH: cH yt? bey, 03 y g ee a Bantam osanide. etetehge— pHalovsacidcHock) CHa6 Hoch —— cy e OH eee je“ HE" (cony igs) otal andi ables Knoles aly 2CH2-! Bebo, egbigrty coy 5H c. - Naz SO cps reghyeot CEES OE ch aw ( > hi J, pressust! tm el with 03.9 eons LC h—- My (meesesi) Tt a2 =cHe) a n (CH oe? poly ethene:WY SHoRt amewerg!- ; ae Xu = SOND BkoTEswarnrno HEX Pho’ : KP hoon the. Stivctuxe of pele rnplecvie? ol | 2 oe] Pols! © cenkvalatem ‘pl @ ‘onder gres gpd Wibriisation dee Electronic confiqueatiog t ts* 2s¥2pac'ap34! Q shape is sambsjgonal bi pivanniaa, SFSAYE _ Bond angie: 487120 2) explain the stsvcturse of SK, mofecvher Fin @I.SFet © canvebotom *3" aa pa 4 @. undergeeg sp4s% hy brid i Sation- F . . 9 pb ac) 3 od ® ehecexomie conFiguection ¢ (s* 2s PP 3S 3P° 3d L Bond angre + Ie, (80% TG) even thoagh vivagen'n Srmnnsnia hn sP3 hf beataation, the bond angie aleviatetrom 109% 28), exPham? QO QB) N%:Oan NNg, cewttelatons "Ss" Ps ® undecgorg spthybrigisation. a2 TE cowtains 3 bond Palle ae fonepaiy HOW DvetD Yepugsiow between Lonepoly and bowd Pore bond angie is 1099 @ shares? pyramidal ex ploin FaSan's cufes and ove exampfes & . Te exper Partial covalent natuse of Sonic bons. ® anion site Inereases, cation covalent nabuxe TNcverse . KI Ke . 5 Cation sizedcewase, Aninn Covalent nature Increase Lie dig Ch ‘ @ @ Increase. cat Vow (os) Anion chowge Increase covalent notute 2 SNCky 7sncky PSdudo Snack Jas con queky rtack: . he bond foemed bekWeen Positively Shaxged igh Ehectaregoe re efement 1S colfed Hy xogen bod Denoted by dotted (-+---) Lines @ Ttis Two TY Pes ASsexent molecules 1S cong) 5 AH = =293-5K'S| mole s eVEMARS EES! 6(g YO (gy —> 282 Ane rMorS eS | mole EGP VoP94, | yr conygy ABA sasicgcalvete ‘ Hy FAH, A DeGine heat capactey® Devive cp-NER . al @4 The amount of heat woyvired 7? wongele Of Tem pevotyee 1S called , Heat copacttyt — ep heat capacity at eS ee Cy = heat capacity at constant Vohume i stave an T@ AN 2 avd samtor ROT vars 40-8 cpays evar HRA * a . cp act ert (evr) “J Cp-cveR). Be esmeBenteoPy ©) enthadry of axcaction® [aha KA Sign Valve, I oF exo anddndothaxmig Bi} © entwrr: PB entholpy 7 the heat change Is Liberated [9 Sisoaucand tancomness| @8) AbSoxb ‘chemi caleeaction 1S coited . 0S wandecuge 1S coded | SHtheLfy- Sntwry so + 1 a sel Fox exothermic Seackiey heat Libexote: [Q Beneted by “S, fans Svevale} By emtensive Pxorerty [ext Tee Sates = vapor! DI ce © Fixsthaw GO Second Low GS Thived Lacs of Theamodyna| nhes 85 thexmody nannies: eg i= oe as as oa consexwation of energy a \ a encegy can nerthes becvenked NOW be destvoyed but! convexes Geom one Fours TO another Fox" . @ the total woabicaeonsipp emeng{ of B1StO™ ee constant, bot it may change Fore one fos heat abso OE: $ Qz absoxbed hoot @ , [4 = ET REx Internal emo? We Workdenc:@ second four of’ ahexmecl reawnic O heat cammot Sfow Puom coldlan andy 70 bnttexbaly Onis aur © iA ds, Vpoasi ble vo comshxund 9 Becerd bind of Pox Parured nth \ rnachine- AID sponteneova Process aheemnodnamicall] Deevercathi a, 2x4 A atop of ine is added 10 wntox “10 foe fours ofusion, eo the eofous Sometion | Con tart be. five 2 im and taoaan, @ this tel fe of theemnelynemie +4 The emtxopy OF Puxeond Pansertty cn[thofine. Subshaner, Barn Ob Alo soulte Ze Tem pared jn coed PET HA Go09 Set be-enedyrordl 2H Plain SPontanalty. ofa Panes 1 satin of Gibbs emery! OF) EPPIo8n Btbbs ore tay & EAL Heat Wow stom het end To cofd evi- @ AG is'-ve’ thepmenss ia Sportanenvs (AM? 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BrP mio eee S on Quantity of S¥rstn, Dine . veParstt x! Detar CneVBY, Cal DAM, natural process ane Therracdynorn' calli] Tm eevewTi lhe: saute| CHEMICAL Bayuts? SEAL EDU Li bi + Gf sun teieteriora avo Actos a anes ~ © Lechatetiey's Princ 7 —Bckoresuwenbas Y's Pp ° Lechatetiex's Kinciple. ExPhain the appgi cation Pyinel Process ang Sinci Pe onthe synthe sis of Ammonia th tiaber's (ung TS a chess acer teiogidelseay in contact Process? ical venation is in equifibrivm iS subtected To change fn Concentration, pr 1, Pessuxe, Te thls where the change is ae J Temperature. The ait beivnn Shise70 Aivection} *: ; Sinthesis of ammonia in Haler's ‘Wnthesis of sukphue Tsioxide (S03) 9 Pyecess (nuaye Quays Nagi Sh Bain] Gov beck PIO CEES ESdaygy italy —= 25 J £$Seck of Pressuxe: Ane gl] Esseckes exesseres Aye 15] Theabove Peoation Volume decxeoges | Tha above veacti ‘pn Volume. pecveases, Sohigh Peesaee. 18 weulced THEokm Wy’ Bot, Te AS USE, Roo ato Pressuce TZ ElGeck oh iompemm Eure? 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MRED 4 ane np-7R meas it3ey mp2 7 Anr 2-4 2-2 nR=3 3° 2 entecszect S Wer tee (RT) ie ee cery! : aon> - o. - 3° | anew: sfkeske] Ana we 3 . _ eps Rel: jf ; ‘ idoand 7 te acid base pais’, doite the enntugete ACh SEP] Shak is comBugete WCE ine foldawing Oo © Neos Onvia Meo “UU e ‘ex base af the x 1g diese by a Pwoter {Ss caked conaugate An acid - base Pat’ ‘i = atte acid base Pars” Hedrhs0 == Mat — Species nS osate Av —feonSagens base oe #120 ot con Nee J HiF) CHgc0ONA Hay S. CAS coor NOH: ® sodt of Strongociel nd weak base aye Acidic Sotutions(PLA Nuyek-HHao => Nuyog HHT What 1s PRE eshak Is Gusgex Solution? ExPlain Hendex.Sor, eqpustiy the negative Lagarsithen of (HY) @s) DoH a Cengentantion ts-|, ‘ eis catted PH, pha -log cut }(os) =lo9 1 A Solution which StoP te change in Pion eckd FTO af Smabhomene v rY dution- . of actd(or)Lase iS called bu: meee Salt of shsang bases } Acidic Bosses? mix of aap AAT cm seron8 ). 2+ Basic BFF? maixeok weak base 99 salt of Stvongacics 7 ne EXIN Ayo NHyed = oe Henlesson eafuation : ee oar 7 Cot Je a. Dit}= Kens Guard | 8 -Log(y : Tal} PMs ~tox ka OF SPR To Sok) cid Sold) Stony electroly be having. common fors IS called common f y oY) Horn eEheck « 2113 evo EC gcor Hh Ht Cig cdova <> ciigcsehnah 5c eel— = a owretClTrtltlcrwrTFTFr—h—hUcTrTrchUhU TrTrmhUCUC,MmCULY 66) ExXPRain the stwuctoxe of nibocane? (Bate)? 1 © diborane ondesgeos, SP3hy byid! sation, and itis @ elector - deficient compound. 4 4 tad Deng =n HW BigOH Hoe An BibosareC@arsey fenteine unesie.t ethane eee tains uTermin ok Wamgens and 2 bridged hydmgens , t Te eontains Zholt Sigled and 1 Vacant bybitak: (ysp3hytaidy @ one sPS hybrid ocvited of one Boron atom, yacant ovbind ers) Anther boson AbOM combine uoith Hyclvogen Guy atorn To Soxm B-H2G bond Gx) TaUbond (x) 3 centered R-clactron bond(ox) 2 elena estan siete ah a anana bonds Sach yec xs DS, =O oS SF % SDs BWSR Si BEX Plain Boeay% bead TeSt with Kom prer §,] © mofecutaetowmnufa of bear | Nar By0p1OHsD- @ on heating borax Lose eater molecules Tofoxm Transparent Liquid] is colled Borax dfass. nig,,8y07 1029 >> Nia, By.0g Sameer Bata} @® Boraxheated with CoO To form blue coleux bead col ee} ,° . G203+ C00 ——> co(802), 3° Tkis useful 7o Tdenti sy Basic Radicals Explain the structuse of Goxic acid? | @ molecvlas formufa Hs 803" Beis also called of ortho boric acis) (Q z undergoes Sp hybridisation. He (© shape fs trigonal Planay ¢ Ttis efectsondes Barve THO methods of Preparation of Diberanel GB) @ Bets Yeact with Liatny 70 fosm sibovant ed ALHY ——> 2 Baty bSUickt3Atcls” a) Belg 3ti. i at, year with Nay to foem oa 7 32 He FONA Bhs +oNaH Het > SNe Fhow, Hew coos Dibo¥ane veact re ore 4 with Hp 70 form FS" ee “Soveteine ee bony f (BaHe-co} Bony yeack with Co Te fom Bovand. caxbory: - a Bolg teo leat, Bo He.cO © Bane react with N(CHs), Te foxm adduct: Bag +N(CHa)3 ——> (BaHe+ w (cha) @ Bang veack with nig Tosoem Bore Pole 7 Bo HG +2NH3 A28ETS By Hg ans Soe 2 Ban shettehat—6 gzeokitess@ cage fike staucture From Eni amare Blass > Wn G wup Chements- Essen & oan the Sosurtunre of iSfexence tn Propastie’ Of dia fares. ae waphite onthe basis of-their ‘Stsuctocel™ "armors Q:| Slamona 0 Graphite Coxben undexgees sp3 hybridisation © carbon undexgars, SP Kybridiex ® Bad conductor txicr x ‘nea of electricity |@ good coniuctor ef sfectriciey L covicee! © sost © Goint 39 patymer structure |@ ap tayex stwucture- © cre bond Lengths sya? c-< bond hengthe/uas Ca Berd eingle fk deerfa! n) be0d cungle fp feo 39/| why 1S diamond haxd® Gdesine Qauatry Os nest Pair] esSeck eatenation: @:| Fn Diamond carbon undergoes £P2 a hybridisation withegD ctxuctuce OTe existence as eferment in diss. physi. D and held by stkong covalent bends Sk sl sotto Serre | With Tetrahedsaly, sbhigh Pegy is 2! carbon CirySteline. a LletrsPs| Veavived T? breals the bond- So ibis eae mS] i H non volvement oF 7: had sand obeasives teatuons in. bond cSoemati ~ Yo cnkled TrestPaix efsect Be Gx: TL At te Explain the structure of Sitica2 © The. Sel bineage LF . . INKAIe GI © sior is cabled sitican: a Semtatom Fo Lex” bo Te urdex gees Sp3hy bxidjsationy AINS iSeaMled Catenas; Each ‘si ateny contains 4 oxygens with Tebrahedal Gaint mode cular Shafe. a 1 - S}-0-si—o-si— IG ween; stor veactwith nach Toft NAzsiog gf 1 ‘ ‘Sfos A2Naott—+ N92 Sioa. i fee, ID HEL stos veackusith WF ToSeim HaSihe ~FIro- Sime si SitatbHF —> Sift 2H,D—> nosthe what axe Sificones 2 Give the uses?) ExPloin @) SikienteR @ organo Siticon Pokymers ore.called @zeorites © Fudkesens Si Li coned> OB Te contains Rosin, and Si-0-Sidinkeage, i @) Sitieates. Ad oN eeain Points a IQ derivatives oF siticicadia i. Usedin Water Proogelsthes and apes: Qmony buleting matexiaS GB used In aeroplanes asa graseand love called AU cated Lubricant’ ® helsio’ bonds ove sttorg 1% Si ficateg™ SHhi cates , Some sf* bre replace by Acts Toform keolite i 5, etd spar ; CS ra with axgon Tefong Fullaccers. om 2 Lyte on heating ; . : py lLevens2O Grvarbite ° inG 20 Sixmember ving 12. Sive meres © £ cams Go. Gat centans ; 2 Fangs Gat i dexaces SPX hy bsidi Sation. DOG Ee ERI Soccesbadl., “#7 OR a GAT c CHEMISTRY mnphete the otto’ NORTAN UIE RS~5- Cac, Nao wind Feackion and name-bhe prod - @l. 2 DA hob mmetabivhe Abed stéth uct A, Bande Cacg, Hap ah Ate htt 4 EPS contig hobmetaly 6 yy MAIS oo riccnory & 2 3 (Be = Az Acetyfent , a2 Pngene Oncth "tse lame the products A 3 methyl Benger} ‘ Band 5 5 < Give the eavations ae peer eae So owing weactions Ethylene Select : Ciiazeny, Btaleet Or ARSON yg 8% yc By Br Sie diy Asia eqs OE > ayo ~ i t i) Az ' Ue Cibwmvoethane B=Acetykeng BY BY Way itez ee bee -ethanc INE Two ExampPhes each $o¥ Position and Elo a Give 7 Re ch Lo¥ Po svtio Fon That demir ‘un Elona, 2 se + Position &. i 3 TSomerisws? ee eee need aareny molecular forrulr iV Peopanstaprrmnck wok aprpannk SSE AISSeX A PosYeton of Functinnel 9 .0oP ex xopanos, | ese, eH, i cwrgineW, i ovbte ava vi plebonte is cabled Posi Pion tear 2822-7 CUs-en, cs - CI (oS, Zale bd v 1 fuerakdedyplee “BY Sears RENCE Sar oe conte cif 4 coun yates re 3 Gi| “rhe comapernls aS cata oklea cavetnegenes Oy EOE tye wersanthoncent) one 1 aBena- CD Polymexisation Beart ion her akom 1s eed gubstitetind oh18 pao What do You understand about Geometry! col TSomesism 2 ExPLain the| Geomets| cal Psomexi Sw of R-butena? @] Gs compoonds having Sam. mokecufax Formula but digger in the. SPatial arrangement of PUPS avovrd double bond 15 called Geometaient Sisomesisn- Te is TeoTyPesO cls isomes @ Tans Torr me Side of cloubse cis TSomty! Same, OUP ASS awvanged in Sa net Bond is erMled cistsomer P= CT (cteteamens) @ _TeamsTsoment Some groups ove oreeorged in opposite sid double bond Is cabled Teans LSomer- ots . | - oa Crag (Frans-isomee Explain @) wustg react a tion © decoxksxy Lott = @ Frise Cewase sete, and acanpeaint © cokes efect¥oly Ere OQnwrt gz reaction? qwomoles f methyl Todiale react rehNa TO” Soe Ethanes QWehai+ Qa aie ca Hot amiak: ot ( © decoxberylation’s Sodivwn propronate veact with Sodakime 70 9} Ethane, CH3cH,.cv0Na +Naoy-22-> Ca He +Naa C03" kok be's electwtytic methods Seeiune seerate wenct with M2070 feos} * ane. : 2 chs 200A +2-Ha0 ———> Ca. Hi 2tortenamk Ho . IF etelcmse ablerfacinn’s Bengenevecct vith erga: Toor Meth S OO Benzene (0%) Toulert .. {— a! e AA AAS i Noni Ol +etyck* me diy Acetifabiont Bengene cect eotth CHacoek todo Acetyl Ber gerd’ AvAlels 3 erigcaek Ze coy Rhortash feak® 4 2xPhein Max KoWNIMow's SUEZ and che negative Paxk of atbacking tecgint ie ste fete Added 70 caxton dovble. berry wih | cy Ee ie bd contains moe b+ of hydl7e Sewsed | uv °* iy Presence. of Pesoxicle, eherhant tenes ey —cls mace contai rR Less np-ob = Se oe oe 5 4s cade cng -CH CHa FHS qe ieee 1s cade A-Baee propre: {oyna sa octal CHa eR =e, Aner —y AY iwe al J 6; Otavsed asa socket Fued- Discuss with Sefer ' Pi . hydagen ter ox: Nant chemical equations, Various methods of Prepary te Cn. 2 i be naa? Which of these ~nerthds is usedul #0 Prepare D,042] AOD Yaackwith H2.Soy To Form Heda: Bado» 2'BH.0 +H, Soy —> H90s. + Rasoy: Traber anthya @oinal on auto oxidation To foens Nadya! @ et Robe rtontives Guinot BE Hang t R-alteyh anthmauinone.. eotraky ti 4 7 F = Byte wbthsdt Soy Hasoy on efectialysis Toform soy bY Using ¢ Eimumanode, Lead cathe. 2Hasoy —> DHT a MsvG. DHSty —y Ns S20842 p90 ——> Hada H2Soyy + SCE LIEK D20 To Form S202. \ Write the che aereeeea —— Weber bode kKDSoYy* b nik Seactioy To Tostigy that Hapa_cin unctionag ont KaSorg ve AS WekLas seducing agent? Orlclising Paopertlers Opks react with Hzd, To fxm Phsoy- ey Peres } @ Fer yenet with Hapa To fees k ate —7 Phsou, +420 DPet hy nzos HS apetdy anno | OM venct with Hid0-To Sommmbtt = +LHaD 2 mae rants, are te Reavcing Pmopertios! 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Acaxbon compound! contains 128 Lcaxbon, 0117 hymen, 8511. bromine, |) The molecular weight oF compound IS 1874]. eatevtake matecotar formula TemEnE : : Lo |SIOPRET TS © » erstonled| 12+ 5 Te * ») hyangody re frrhetes) » wise 4 =| ”» EmPix} cal Soxmufa: CHa Qe Telceiewt "877 ss mua Empyicnl Soe : 5 rE = EEX Ef Pi mrudowses IARHED AT OEE wah =| a chemical anakysis ofa caxb (ewer r** | a udeaesoret {Coxbon Cou Pound contains Caxbon=loobh [ als RAhr S OVS Chtovine. = 894104; endautare conpinien ae oe a emantl “PAGE. @aa 2 Amwe Jeacbon (ey {lowe | aa. - 10106 ne 7 . Tae PO*839 Hysegerin ovey. | 1 O8te = OnBy. 4 Chowine(eLy 84-10 | 355° 88210 3 9.549 of 7 empiri enldotmugatetct| al coleukate the empirical Sormuse of 4 compound Petassiumlls) 2657 Chromium (er) 235-36 A*YJenlOd=38-0F (atomicnripht kaaqexaSnorigh 4 vt = Shap ND ot nowt | Qr68 z x2] Ka ong @! 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