DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SEMESTER-I

24ESC122

PYTHON PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL

EXPERIMENTS:

1. Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical problems, and developing
flow charts for the same. (Electricity Billing, Retail shop billing, Sin series, weight of a
motorbike, Weight of a steel bar, compute Electrical Current in Three Phase AC Circuit, etc.)
2. Python programming using simple statements and expressions (exchange the values of two
variables, circulate the values of n variables, distance between two points).
3. Scientific problems using Conditionals and Iterative loops. (Number series, Number Patterns,
pyramid pattern)
4. Implementing real-time/technical applications using Lists, Tuples. (Items present in a
library/Components of a car/ Materials required for construction of a building –operations of
list & tuples)
5. Implementing real-time/technical applications using Sets, Dictionaries. (Language,
components of an automobile, Elements of a civil structure, etc.- operations of Sets &
Dictionaries)
6. Implementing programs using Functions. (Factorial, largest number in a list, area of shape)
7. Implementing programs using Strings. (reverse, palindrome, character count, replacing
characters)
8. Implementing programs using written modules and Python Standard Libraries (pandas,
NumPy. Matplotlib, SciPy)
9. Implementing real-time/technical applications using File handling. (copy from one file to
another, word count, longest word)
10. Implementing real-time/technical applications using Exception handling. (divide by zero
error, voter’s age validity, student mark range validation)
EX. NO:1a Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical
problems and developing flow charts for the Electricity Billing
DATE:

AIM:

To develop a flowchart for electricity billing.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Start.
Step2: Read the previous unit and current unit.
Step 3: Calculate the used units by subtracting the current unit and previous unit.
Step4: Calculate the Electricity bill from the used units.
Step 5: Print the amount of electricity
bill. Step6: Stop.

PSEUDOCODE:

READ Previous unit,Current Unit

CALCULATE Used Unit = Current Unit – Previous
Unit ElectricityBill=Used Unit x 2
PRINT ElectricityBill
FLOWCHART:

RESULT:
Thus, the flowchart for the electricity billing is developed.
EX. NO:1b. Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical
problems and developing flow charts for the Retail Shop Billing
DATE:

AIM:

To develop a flowchart for the retail shop billing.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Start.
Step2: Read the barcode of the product.
Step3: Display the product name and the amount.
Step 4: Check if more products is available, if available go to Step 2, otherwise go
to Step 5. Step5: Calculate the total cost of the products.
Step6: Print total
cost. Step7:
Stop.

PSEUDOCODE:

IF more products available THEN

READ bar code
DISPLAY Product name, amount
ELSE
CALCULATE Total Cost
PRINT Total Cost
ENDIF
FLOWCHART:

RESULT:
Thus, the flowchart for retail shop billing is developed.
 EX. NO:1c. Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical
problems and developing flow charts for the Sin Series
DATE:

AIM:

To develop a flowchart for the Sine Series.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Start
Step2: Read x and n.
Step3: Print x and n.
Step 4: Convert x values into radian using formula x = x * 3.1412/180. Step5: Substitute t=x and sum=x.
Step 6: Set the for loop for doing the calculation as initialize i to 1 and check i is less thann+1and increment
i by 1.
Step 7: Calculate t=(t*pow(-1),(2*i-1))*x*x)/(2*i*(2*i+1). Step8: Calculate sum = sum + t.
Step9: Print sum.
Step10: Stop

PSEUDOCODE:

READ x,
n PRINT
x, n
CONVERT x =x * 3.1412/180
SUBSTITUTE t=x,
sum=x FOR i=1;
i<n+1;i++
t= (t*pow (-1),
(2*i-1))*x*x)/(2*i*(2*i+1). sum = sum
+t
END FOR
PRINT sum
FLOWCHART:

RESULT:
Thus, the flowchart for the sine series is developed.
 EX. NO:1d Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical
problems and developing flow charts for the Weight of a Motorbike
DATE:

AIM:

To develop a flowchart for finding the weight of a motor bike.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Start.
Step2: Read the size of the motor bile in cc.
Step3: Check whether the size of the motor bike is less than or equal to 300 cc, if so, Print Average
weight is 350 pounds otherwise go to step 4.
Step4: Check whether the size of the motor bike is less than or equal to 500 cc, if so, Print Average
weight is 410 pounds otherwise go to step 5.
Step5: Check whether the size of the motor bike is less than or equal to 900cc, if so, Print Average
weight is 430 pounds otherwise go to step 6.
Step6: Check whether the size of the motor bike is equal to 1100 cc, if so, Print Average weight is
500 pounds otherwise go to step 7.
Step 7: Print Average weight is 600
pounds.
Step 8: Stop.

PSEUDOCODE:

READ size in cc
IF size<=300 THEN
PRINT Average weight = 350 pounds
ELSEIF size <=500 THEN
PRINT Average weight = 410 pounds
ELSEIF size <=900 THEN
PRINT Average weight = 430 pounds
ELSEIF size =1100 THEN
PRINT Average weight=500pounds
ELSE
PRINT Average weight=600pounds
ENDIF
FLOWCHART:

RESULT:

Thus, the flowchart for finding the weight of the motor bike is developed.
 EX. NO:1e Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical
problems and developing flow charts for the Weight of a steel bar
DATE:

AIM:

To develop a flowchart for finding weight of a steel bar.

ALGORITHM:

Step1:Start.
Step2:Read the diameter in mm and length of the steel bar.
Step3:Check whether the length is in meter if so, calculate weight as diameter x diameter x length and
divide it by 162, otherwise go to step4.
Step 4: calculate weight as diameter x diameter x length and divide it by
533. Step5: Print the weight.
Step6: Stop.

PSEUDOCODE:

READ diameter, length

IF length in meter, THEN
Weight=diameter*diameter*length/162
ELSE
Weight=diameter*diameter*length/533
ENDIF
PRINT Weight
 FLOWCHART:

RESULT:

Thus, the flowchart for finding the weight of a steel bar is developed.
EX. NO:1f Identification and solving of simple real life or scientific or technical
problems and developing flow charts for the Compute Electrical Current
DATE: in Three Phase AC Circuit

AIM:

To develop a flowchart to compute electrical current in three phase AC circuit.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Start.
Step2: Get the value of voltage, resistance, current and power factor.
Step3: Compute the electric current by multiplying voltage, resistance, current and power
factor with 3.
Step 4: Print the calculated electric current.
Step5: Stop.

PSEUDOCODE:

READ voltage, resistance, current and power factor

COMPUTE Electric Current = 3 x voltage x resistance x current x power
factor PRINT Electric Current
FLOWCHART:

RESULT:

Thus, the flowchart for computing the electric current in three phase AC circuit is developed.
EX. NO:2a Python programming exchange the values of two variables using simple
statements and expressions
DATE:

AIM:
To write a Python Program to exchange the value of two variables.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start the program
Step2: enter two variables and assign value for it(x, y)
Step3: simply exchange the variables(y, x) and assign it to
variables(x,y)
step 4: print ‘x’ value
Step5: print ‘y’ value
step6: end the program

PROGRAM:
x=5
y = 10
# create a temporary variable and swap the values
temp = x
x=y
y = temp
print ('The value of x after swapping:',x)
print ('The value of y after swapping:', y)

OUTPUT :
The value of x after swapping: 10
The value of y after swapping: 5

x=5
y = 10
x, y = y, x
print ("x =",
x)
print ("y =", y)

OUTPUT:
x = 10
y=5

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to exchange the value of two variables was written and executed successful
EX. NO:2b Python programming circulate the values of n variables using simple
statements and expressions
DATE:

AIM:
To write a Python Program to circulate the values of n variables.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: start the program
Step2: read the total number of
values step3: enter the values
Step4: append the value in the
list1 step5: print the list1 of
elements
Step6: check the range of values and pop the first element from the list1 and append it at the
last in the list1
Step7: continue until range (0 to 3)
exit. Step8: end the program.

PROGRAM:
def circulate(A,N):
for i in range (1,N+1):
B=A[i:]+A[:i]
print("Circulation",i,"=",B)
A=[1,2,3,4,5]
N=int(input("Enter n:"))
circulate(A,N)

OUTPUT:
Enter n:5
Circulation 1 = [2, 3, 4, 5, 1]
Circulation 2 = [3, 4, 5, 1, 2]
Circulation 3 = [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]
Circulation 4 = [5, 1, 2, 3, 4]
Circulation 5 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to circulate the values of n variables was written and executed successfully.
EX. NO:2c Python programming distance between two points using simple
statements and expressions
DATE:

AIM:
To write a Python Program to find the distance between two points.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: start the program

step2: import math
library
Step 3: take a two points as an input from an user.
Step 4: calculate the difference between the corresponding x-coordinates i.e.:x2 - x1 and y
Coordinates i.e.:y2 - y1of two points.
Step 5: apply the formula derived from pythagorean
theorem i.e.: sqrt ((x2 - x1) ^2 + (y2 - y1) ^2)
Step 6 : end the program

PROGRAM:
import math
x1=int(input("Enter x1:"))
y1=int(input("Enter y1:"))
x2=int(input("Enter x2:"))
y2=int(input("Enter y2:"))
distance= math.sqrt(((x2-x1)**2)+((y2-y1)**2))
print ("Distance=",distance)

OUTPUT:
Enter x1:3
Enter y1:2
Enter x2:7
Enter y2:8
Distance= 7.211102550927978

RESULT:

Thus the Python Program to find the distance between two points was written and executed successfully.
EX. NO:3a
Scientific problems Number series using Conditionals and Iterative loops
DATE:

AIM :

To write a python program to print number series.

ALGORITHM :

Step1: start the program

Step2: initialize the values of a and b

Step3: read the number of terms in the

sequence; n step4: print value of a, b

Step5: add the values of a, b and store in c

Step6: print the values of a, b and assign value of b, c into a, b

step7: repeat the step5 & 6 for n-2 times.

PROGRAM:
n=int(input("Enter the number:"))
i=0
while(i<n):
print(i)
i=i+1

OUTPUT:
enter the number:5
0
1
2
3
4

RESULT:
Thus the python program to print number series was written and executed successfully.
EX. NO:3b Scientific problems number patterns using Conditionals and Iterative
loops.
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to print number pattern.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: start
Step2: range (10) –range function takes values from 0 to 9
step3: str (i) prints string version of i .(i.e i value)
Step4: using for loop print str (i) values i times in every iteration

PROGRAM:
rows = int(input('Enter the number of rows: '))
for i in range(1, rows+1):
for j in range(i):
print(i, end=' ')
print()
(or)
for i in
range(10):
print(str(i)*i)

OUTPUT:
1
22
333
4444
55555
666666
7777777
88888888
999999999

RESULT:
Thus the python program to print number pattern was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:3c Scientific problems pyramid pattern of a star using Conditionals and
Iterative loops
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to print Pyramid pattern of a star.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: first, we get the height of the pyramid rows from the user.
Step2: in the first loop, we iterate from i = 0 to i = rows.
Step3: the second loop runs from j = 0 to i + 1.
Step4: in each iteration of this loop, we print i + 1 number of * without a new line.
Step5: here, the row number gives the number of * required to be printed on that row.
Step6: once the inner loop ends, we print new line and start printing * in a new line.

PROGRAM:
def full_pyramid(n):
for i in range(1, n + 1):
# Print leading spaces
for j in range(n - i):
print(" ", end="")

# Print asterisks for the current row

for k in range(1, 2*i):
print("*", end="")
print()
full_pyramid(5)

OUTPUT:
*
**
***
****
*****

RESULT:
Thus the python program to print Pyramid pattern of a star was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:4.A Implementing real-time/technical applications Items present in a
Library using Lists and Tuples.
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement items present in a Library using List.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program
Step2: Assign list of library materials
Step3Perform all the list operation /Tuples operation
Step4: Print the result
Step5: End the program

PROGRAM:
Library using Lists
library=["book","autor","barcodenumber","price"]
print(library)
library[0]='RAMAYANA'
print(library[0])
print(library)
library[1]='Valmiki'
library[2]=123576
library[3]=230
print(library)

OUTPUT:
['book', 'autor', 'barcodenumber', 'price']
RAMAYANA
['RAMAYANA', 'autor', 'barcodenumber', 'price']
['RAMAYANA', 'Valmiki', 123576, 230]
TUPLE:
LIBRARY USING TUPLES
libcomp=('books', 'newspaper', 'computer', 'magazine',
'journals')
print(libcomp)
print(libcomp[0])
Tuplelength=len(libcomp)
print(Tuplelength)
print(libcomp[1:4])

OUTPUT:
('books', 'newspaper', 'computer', 'magazine', 'journals')
books
5
('newspaper', 'computer', 'magazine')

RESULT:

Thus the Python program to implement items present in a Library using List was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:4.b Implementing real-time/technical applications Components of a car using
Lists
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement components of a car using List

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program
Step2: Assign list of car parts
Step3: Perform all the list
operation
Step4: Print the result
Step5: End the program

PROGRAM:
COMPONENTS OF CAR USING LIST
carparts =['ENGINE','WHEEL','GEAR','BATTERY']
print(carparts)
carparts.append('BREAK')
print(carparts)
carparts.remove('BREAK')
print(carparts)
print(carparts.index('WHEEL'))
carparts.reverse()
print('Reversed list:',carparts)
New = carparts[:]
print(New)

OUTPUT
['ENGINE', 'WHEEL', 'GEAR', 'BATTERY']
['ENGINE', 'WHEEL', 'GEAR', 'BATTERY']
['ENGINE', 'WHEEL', 'GEAR', 'BATTERY', 'BREAK']
['ENGINE', 'WHEEL', 'GEAR', 'BATTERY']
1
Reversed list: ['BATTERY', 'GEAR', 'WHEEL', 'ENGINE']
['BATTERY', 'GEAR', 'WHEEL', 'ENGINE']
 COMPONENTS OF CAR USING TUPLES

carparts =('ENGINE','WHEEL','GEAR','BATTERY')
print(carparts)
print('Item in the first position is: ',carparts[0])
print('Item in the 5th position is: ',carparts[3])
print(carparts.index('WHEEL'))
tuples=len(carparts)
print(tuples)

OUTPUT:

('ENGINE', 'WHEEL', 'GEAR', 'BATTERY')

('ENGINE', 'WHEEL', 'GEAR', 'BATTERY')
Item in the first position is: ENGINE
Item in the 5th position is: BATTERY
1
4

RESULT:

Thus the python program to implement components of a car using List was written and executed successfull

EX. NO:4.c.(i)
 DATE: Implementing real-time/technical applications Materials required for
construction of a building using Lists

AIM:
To write a python program to implement materials required for construction of a building using List.

ALGORITHM:
Step1:Start the program
Step2:Assign list of building materials
Step3Perform all the list operation
Step4:Print the result
Step5:End the program

PROGRAM

MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING USING LISTS

Buildingconstruction=['bricks','cement','sand','water','steel']
print(Buildingconstruction)
Buildingconstruction.append('WOOD')
print(Buildingconstruction)
Buildingconstruction.remove('WOOD')
print(Buildingconstruction)
print(Buildingconstruction.index('sand'))
Buildingconstruction.reverse()
print('Reversed list:',Buildingconstruction)
New = Buildingconstruction[:]
print(New)

OUTPUT
['bricks', 'cement', 'sand', 'water', 'steel']
['bricks', 'cement', 'sand', 'water', 'steel']
['bricks', 'cement', 'sand', 'water', 'steel', 'WOOD']
['bricks', 'cement', 'sand', 'water', 'steel']
2
Reversed list: ['steel', 'water', 'sand', 'cement', 'bricks']
['steel', 'water', 'sand', 'cement', 'bricks']
 TUPLE:
Buildingconstruction=('bricks','cement','sand','water','steel')
print(Buildingconstruction)
print(Buildingconstruction)
New = Buildingconstruction[:]
print(New)
tuples=len(Buildingconstruction)
print(tuples)

OUTPUT
('bricks', 'cement', 'sand', 'water', 'steel')
('bricks', 'cement', 'sand', 'water', 'steel')
('bricks', 'cement', 'sand', 'water', 'steel')
5

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement materials required for construction of a building using List was written and
executed successfully.
 EX. NO:5.a.(i)
Implementing real-time/technical applications Language using Sets and
DATE: Dictionaries

AIM:
To write a python program to implement language using set and dictionaries.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program.
Step2: Assign the
languages.
Step3: Perform all the set
operation. Step4: Print the result.
Step5: End the program.

PROGRAM:
LANGUANGE USING SET
language1={'JAVA','C++','PYTHON'}
language2={'VB','ORACLE'}
print(language1)
print(language2)
language1.add('SQL')
print(language1)
language1.remove('SQL')
print(language1)
print(language2.union(language1))

OUTPUT:

{'PYTHON', 'C++', 'JAVA'}

{'VB', 'ORACLE'}
{'PYTHON', 'SQL', 'C++', 'JAVA'}
{'PYTHON', 'C++', 'JAVA'}
{'C++', 'PYTHON', 'JAVA', 'VB', 'ORACLE'}
 DICTIONARY
language={'C':5, 'C++':3, 'ORACLE':9, 'PYTHON':7}
print(language)
x = language.copy()
print(x)
x = language.pop('C')
print(x)
print(language)
x = language.values()
print(x)
x = language.keys()
print(x)
language.clear()
print (language)

OUTPUT

'C': 5, 'C++': 3, 'ORACLE': 9, 'PYTHON': 7}

{'C': 5, 'C++': 3, 'ORACLE': 9, 'PYTHON': 7}
5
{'C++': 3, 'ORACLE': 9, 'PYTHON': 7}
dict_values([3, 9, 7])
dict_keys(['C++', 'ORACLE', 'PYTHON'])
{}

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement language using dictionaries was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:5.b.(i) Implementing real-time/technical applications components of an
DATE: automobile using Sets and Dictionaries

AIM:
To write a python program to implement components of an automobile using set.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program.
Step2: Assign the components of
automobile. Step3: Perform all the set
operation.
Step4: Print the result.
Step5: End the
program.

PROGRAM:
COMPONENTS USING SETS
components1={'ENGINE', 'GEAR', 'TIRE'}
components2={'STREEING', 'TRANSMISSION'}
print(components1)
print(components2)
components1.add('Gearbox')
print(components1)
components1.remove('Gearbox')
print(components1)

OUTPUT
{'ENGINE', 'GEAR', 'TIRE'}
{'STREEING', 'TRANSMISSION'}
{'ENGINE', 'GEAR', 'Gearbox', 'TIRE'}
{'ENGINE', 'GEAR', 'TIRE'}

PROGRAM:

COMPONENTS USING DICTIONARIES

components = {'Break':2,'Tire':4,'Steer':1}
print(components)
x = components.copy()
print(x)
x = components.get('Tire')
print(x)
x = components.items()
print(x)
components.update({'color': 'White'})
print(components)
x = components.pop('Break')
print(x)
 OUTPUT

{'Break': 2, 'Tire': 4, 'Steer': 1}

{'Break': 2, 'Tire': 4, 'Steer': 1}
4
Dict,items([('Break', 2), ('Tire', 4), ('Steer', 1)])
{'Break': 2, 'Tire': 4, 'Steer': 1, 'color': 'White'}
2

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement components of an automobile using set and dictionaries was
written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:5.C Implementing real-time/technical applications Elements of a civil
structure using Sets
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement elements of a civil structure using sets.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program.
Step2: Assign the elements of a civil structure.
Step3: Perform all the set operation.
Step4: Print the result.
Step5: End the
program.

PROGRAM:
elements1={'columns','roof', 'stair','floors'}
elements2={'foundation','floors','walls'}
print(elements1)
print(elements2)
elements1.add('beams')
print(elements1)
elements1.remove('beams')
print(elements1)
print(elements2.union(elements1))
print(elements1 & elements2)

OUTPUT:

{'stair', 'columns', 'floors', 'roof'}

{'walls', 'foundation', 'floors'}
{'floors', 'stair', 'beams', 'columns', 'roof'}
{'floors', 'stair', 'columns', 'roof'}
{'columns', 'foundation', 'floors', 'walls', 'stair', 'roof'}
{'floors'}

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement elements of a civil structure using sets was written and
executed successfully.
 EX. NO:5.c.(ii) Implementing real-time/technical applications Elements of a civil
structure using Dictionaries.
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to implement elements of a civil structure using dictionary.

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program.
Step2: Assign the elements of a civil structure.
Step3: Perform all the dictionary operation.
Step4: Print the result.
Step5: End the
program.

PROGRAM:
elements = {"foundation":14, "floors":3, "walls":19,
"beams":7} print(elements)
x = elements.copy()
print(x)
x = elements.get("beams")
print(x)
x = elements.items()
print(x)
elements.update({"roof":5})
print(elements)
x = elements.pop("foundation")
print(x)
print(elements)

OUTPUT:

{'foundation': 14, 'floors': 3, 'walls': 19, 'beams': 7}

{'foundation': 14, 'floors': 3, 'walls': 19, 'beams': 7}
7
dict_items([('foundation', 14), ('floors', 3), ('walls', 19), ('beams', 7)])
{'foundation': 14, 'floors': 3, 'walls': 19, 'beams': 7, 'roof': 5}
14
{'floors': 3, 'walls': 19, 'beams': 7, 'roof': 5}

RESULT:
Thus the python program to implement elements of a civil structure using dictionary was written and
executed successfully.
 EXPT.NO 6 (A)
DATE: Implementing Factorial Programs Using Functions.
AIM:

To write a Python function to calculate the factorial of a number

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Get a positive integer input (n) from the user.

Step 2: Check if the values of n equal to 0 or not if it's zero it will
return 1 Otherwise else statement can be executed.
Step 3: Using the below formula, calculate the factorial of a number n*factorial(n-1)
Step 4: Print the output i.e the calculated.
PROGRAM:
def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n-1)

n = int(input("Input a number to compute the factorial: "))

print(factorial(n))

OUTPUT:

Input a number to compute the factorial: 5

120

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to find factorial of a given number using function was written and executed
successfully.
 EXPT.NO 6 B Implementing Program Largest Number In A List Using Function
DATE:

AIM:
To Write a Python program to get the largest number from a list.

PROCEDURE:
Step1: Start the program
Step2: Take a list of
values
Step3: using max () function finds first largest number
Step4: using remove () function remove first largest largest
function Step5: Again using max () function finds second largest
number Step6: print the two largest number
Step7: End the program

PROGRAM:
integers = [1, 16, 3, 39, 26, 4, 8, 16]
copy_of_integers = integers[:]
largest_integer = max(copy_of_integers)
copy_of_integers.remove(largest_integer)
second_largest_integer = max(copy_of_integers)
print(largest_integer)
print(second_largest_integer)

OUTPUT:
39
26

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to find two largest numbers in a list using functions was written and executed
successfully.
EX. NO:6.c.
Implementing Area of shape programs using Functions
DATE:
AIM:
To write a Python Program to find area of shape using functions.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Get the input from the user shape’s name.

Step 2: If it exists in our program then we will proceed to find the entered shape’s area
according to their respective formulas.
Step 3: If that shape doesn’t exist then we will print
“Sorry!
Step 4: Stop the program
PROGRAM:
def calculate_area(name):
name = name.lower()

if name == "rectangle":
l = int(input("Enter rectangle's length: "))
b = int(input("Enter rectangle's breadth: "))
rect_area = l * b
print(f"The area of the rectangle is {rect_area}.")

elif name == "square":

s = int(input("Enter square's side length: "))
sqt_area = s * s
print(f"The area of the square is {sqt_area}.")

elif name == "triangle":

h = int(input("Enter triangle's height: "))
b = int(input("Enter triangle's base length: "))
tri_area = 0.5 * b * h
print(f"The area of the triangle is {tri_area}.")

elif name == "circle":

r = int(input("Enter circle's radius: "))
pi = 3.14
circ_area = pi * r * r
print(f"The area of the circle is {circ_area}.")
 elif name == "parallelogram":
b = int(input("Enter parallelogram's base length: "))
h = int(input("Enter parallelogram's height: "))
para_area = b * h
print(f"The area of the parallelogram is {para_area}.")

else:
print("Sorry! This shape is not available.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Calculate Shape Area")
shape_name = input("Enter the name of the shape whose area you want to find: ")
calculate_area(shape_name)

OUTPUT:
Calculate Shape Area
Enter the name of the shape whose area you want to find: RECTANGLE
Enter rectangle's length: 10
Enter rectangle's breadth: 15
The area of the rectangle is 150.

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to find area of shape using functions was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:7.a.
Implementing Reverse string programs using Strings
DATE:

AIM:

To write a Python Program to reverse a string.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1:Start the program

STEP2:Define a function name myfunction ()

STEP3: Enter text to reverse

STEP4: Reverse the string using slice statement [::-1]

STEP5: Print the reversed string

STEP6: End the program

PROGRAM:
def my_function(x):
return x[::-1]
mytxt = my_function("I wonder how this text looks like
backwards") print(mytxt)

OUTPUT:
sdrawkcab ekil skool txet siht woh rednow I

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to reverse a string was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:7.b.
Implementing Palindrome programs using Strings
DATE:

AIM:

To write a Python Program to find palindrome for the given string.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start the program

STEP2: Get the string from the user

STEP3: Check given string is equal to slice statement

STEP4: Print string is palindrome or else not

palindrome STEP5: Stop the program

PROGRAM:
string=input(("Enter a
string:")) if(string==string[::-
1]):
print("The string is a
palindrome") print(string[::-1])
else:
print("Not a
palindrome") print(string[::-
1])

OUTPUT:
Enter a string:qwert
Not a palindrome
Trewq

Enter a string:malayalam
The string is a
palindrome Malayalam

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to find palindrome for the given string was written and executed successfully.
EX. NO:7.c.
Implementing Character Count programs using Strings
DATE:

AIM:
To write a Python Program to count the given character.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start the program

STEP2: Assign the sentence to the variable

STEP3: Get the character from the user

STEP4: count the character using count ()

STEP5: print the number of occurrences of

character STEP6: Stop the program

PROGRAM:
message = 'python is popular programming language'
print('Number of occurrence of p:',
message.count('p'))

OUTPUT:
Number of occurrence of p: 4

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to count the given character was written and executed successfully.
EX. NO:7.d.
Implementing Replacing Characters programs using Strings
DATE:

AIM:

To write a Python Program to replace the character.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start the program

STEP2: Get a string from the

user

STEP3: Get a replace character from the user and replace the character using replace ()

STEP4: print the string

STEP5: Stop the program

PROGRAM:
a_string = "aba"
a_string = a_string.replace("a", "b")
print(a_string)

OUTPUT:
bbb

RESULT:
Thus the Python Program to replace the character was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:8.a. Implementing Pandas programs using written modules and Python
Standard Libraries
DATE:

AIM:

To implement pandas using written modules and Python Standard Libraries

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start the program

STEP2: import pandas library

STEP3: create alias for pandas

STEP4: create a simple pandas series from a

list STEP5: store the series in variable

STEP6: print the series using variable

STEP7: Stop the program

PROGRAM:
import pandas as pd
S = pd.Series([11, 28, 72, 3, 5, 8])
print(S)

OUTPUT:
0 11
1 28
2 72
3 3
4 5
5 8
Dtype : int64

RESULT:
Thus implemented pandas using written modules and Python Standard Libraries was written and executed
successfully.
EX. NO:8.b. Implementing Numpy programs using written modules and Python
Standard Libraries
DATE:

AIM:
To implement Numpy using written modules and Python Standard Libraries.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Start the program

STE2: Import numpy library

STEP3: create alias for numpy

STEP4: create an array of list

STEP5: Print the array

STEP6: print the shape of array

STEP7: Stop the program

PROGRAM:
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,2,3,4], [5,6,7,8], [9,10,11,12]])
print(a)
#Slicing in array
print(a.shape)
b = a[1:, 2:]
print(b)

OUTPUT:
[[ 1 2 3 4]
[ 5 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11 12]]
(3, 4)
[[ 7 8]
[11 12]]

RESULT:
Thus implemented Numpy using written modules and Python Standard Libraries was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:8.c. Implementing Matplotlib programs using written modules and Python
Standard Libraries.
DATE:

AIM:

To implement matplotlib using written modules and Python Standard Libraries

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Install Matplotlib

STEP2: Import pyplot and create alias for it.

STEP3: Define the x-axis and corresponding y-axis values as lists.

STEP4: Plot and name them using plt.xlabel () and plt.ylabel () functions

STEP5: Give a title to your plot using .title () function.

STEP6: Finally, to view your plot using show () function.

PROGRAM:
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt plt.bar([0.25,1.25,2.25,3.25,4.25],
[50,40,70,80,20],
label="BMW",color='r',width=.1) plt.bar([.75,1.75,2.75,3.75,4.75],
[80,20,20,50,60],
label="Audi", color='b',width=.5)
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel('Days')
plt.ylabel('Distance(kms)')
plt.title('Information')
plt.show()

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus implemented matplotlib using written modules and Python Standard Libraries was written and
executed successfully.
 EX. NO:8.d. Implementing Scipy programs using written modules and Python Standard
Libraries
DATE:

AIM:
To implement Scipy using written modules and Python Standard Libraries.

ALGORITHM:

STEP1: Install Scipy library and import special function

STEP2: using special function calculate exponential, sin and cos values

STEP3: Print the values

PROGRAM:
from scipy import special
a = special.exp10(3)
print(a)
b = special.exp2(3)
print(b)
c=
special.sindg(90)
print(c)
d = special.cosdg(45)
print(d)

OUTPUT:
1000.0
8.0
1.0
0.707106781187

RESULT:
Thus implemented Scipy using written modules and Python Standard Libraries was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:9.a. Implementing real-time/technical applications to copy from one file to
another using File Handling
DATE:

AIM:
To write a python program to copy from one file to another using file handling.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Open first.txt in read mode and read the contents of first.txt.
Step 3: Open second.txt in append mode and append the content of first.txt into
second.txt. Step 4: Stop

PROGRAM:

with open('first.txt','r') as firstfile, open('second.txt','a') as secondfile:

for line in firstfile:
secondfile.write(line)

OUTPUT:

first.txt
Welcome to Grace College of Engineering, Mullakkadu, Tuticorin

second.txt
open second file ( all lines are copied successful )
Welcome to Grace College of Engineering, Mullakkadu, Tuticorin

RESULT:

Thus, the python program to copy from one file to another using file handling was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:9.b. Implementing real-time/technical applications for word count using File
Handling
DATE:

AIM :

To write a python program to count the words in a file using file handling.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Open the file in read mode and handle it in text mode.
Step 3: Read the text using read() function.
Step 4: Split the text using space separator.
Step 5: Refine the count by validating the words after splitting.
Step 6: Print the number of words in the text file.
Step 7: Stop

PROGRAM:

file = open("first.txt", "rt")

data = file.read()
words = data.split()
print('Number of words in text file :', len(words))

OUTPUT:

first.txt
Welcome to Grace College of Engineering, Mullakkadu, Tuticorin

Number of words in text file : 8

RESULT:

Thus, the python program to count the words in a file using file handling was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:9.c. Implementing real-time/technical applications for longest word using File
Handling
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to find the longest word in a file using file handling.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the file which contains the text
Step 3: Open the file in the read mode
Step 4: Read and split the words in the
file Step 5: calculate the length of the
words
Step 6: compare the length of the words and return the longest word.
Step 7: Stop

PROGRAM:

def longest_word(filename):
with open(filename, 'r') as infile:
words = infile.read().split()
max_len = len(max(words, key=len))
return [word for word in words if len(word) == max_len]
print(longest_word('first.txt'))

OUTPUT:

first.txt
Welcome to Grace College of Engineering, Mullakkadu, Tuticorin

['Engineering,']

RESULT:

Thus, the python program to find the longest word in a file using file handling was written and executed
successfully.
 EX. NO:10.a. Implementing real-time/technical applications for Divide by Zero Error
using Exception Handling
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to demonstrate the divide by zero error using Exception Handling.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Get inputs from the user, two numbers.
Step 3: If the entered data is not integer, throw an exception.
Step 4: If the remainder is 0, throw divide by zero
exception. Step 5: If no exception is there, return the result.
Step 6: Stop

PROGRAM:

try:
num1 = int(input("Enter First Number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter Second Number:
")) result = num1 / num2
print(result)
except ValueError as e:
print("Invalid Input Please Input Integer...")
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print(e)

OUTPUT:

Enter First Number: 5

Enter Second Number: 0
division by zero

RESULT:

Thus, the python program to demonstrate the divide by zero error using Exception Handling was written and
executed successfully.
 EX. NO:10.b. Implementing real-time/technical applications for voter’s age validity using
Exception Handling
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to validate voter’s age using Exception Handling.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Get the age as input
Step 3: If the entered value is a value apart from number, throw an exception
Step 4: If the value is less than zero, print an error message.
Step 5: If the value is number, check whether the number is greater than or equal to 18.
Step 6: If the age is 18, print able to vote else print not able to vote
Step 7: Stop

PROGRAM:

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

if age >= 18:

print("Eligible to vote.")
else:
print("Not eligible to vote.")
OUTPUT:

Enter your age: 18

Eligible to vote.

RESULT:

Thus, the python program to validate voter’s age using Exception Handling was written and executed successfully.
 EX. NO:10.c. Implementing real-time/technical applications for student mark range
validation using Exception Handling
DATE:

AIM:

To write a python program to validate the student mark range using Exception Handling.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the mark
Step 3: Check whether the marks is less than zero and greater than 100 and print the result
Step 4: Stop

PROGRAM:
mark = int(input("Enter the mark: "))

if 0 <= mark <= 100:

print("Valid mark.")
else:
print("Invalid mark.")

OUTPUT:

Enter the mark: 80

Valid mark.

RESULT:

Thus, the python program to validate the student mark range using Exception Handling was written and executed
successfully.