Improvement in Food Resources
Improvement in Food Resources
EDUGUIDE
KALYANPUR,KHOWAI,TRIPURA
CONTACT NO: 7642028468
(AJAY ROY)
Class: ix, Science
Chapter: Improvement in Food Resources
IMPORTANT TERMS
1. FYM (Farm yard manure): The manure produced from Live - stock farm
waste.(Dung, urine etc.).
2. Composting: The process in which plant and animal wastes are decomposed in a pit
to produce manure is called composting.
3. Vermicompost: Compost prepared by using earthworms is called vermi- compost.
4. Fertilizers: They are commercially produced plant nutrients. They supply nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium ( NPK).
5. Genetic manipulation: The incorporation of desirable characters by various
methods in a species is called genetic manipulation.
6. Agronomy: It is the study of the cultivation of field crops and related topics e.g.
tallness,tillering and branching of crops.
7. Animal husbandry: It is the scientific management of farm animals including their
feeding, breeding, diseases control etc.
8. Broiler: Chicken raised for meat are called broiler.
QUESTIONS
1. These are grown in rainy season 1. Rabi crops are grown in winter
from the month of June to season from November to april
October.
2.Microbes are not needed for its 2. Microbes are needed to degrade the
production. organic substances.
4.Easy to store and apply to crops. 4. Difficult to store and apply to crops.
1. Plants of main crop are grown in rows 1.Plants of component crops are not
followed by one, two, three separate grown in a set pattern of rows.
row of other component crop or crops.
Thus, there is set pattern of rows.
(b) Since weather conditions such as drought and flood situations are
unpredictable, Varieties that can be grown in diverse climatic conditions are useful.
40. What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in agricultural practices?
Ans: The incorporation of desirable characters by various methods such as
hybridization, mutation, polyploidy DNA recombination technology etc. is called
genetic manipulation.
Genetic manipulation is useful in,
(i) Increasing yield of crops.
(ii) Increasing disease resistance in plants.
(iii) Introducing plants to new places.
(iv) Selecting plants with desirable characters and then propagating them.
41. What is hybridisation? How is it done?
Ans: It is a process of cross-breeding. In these two varieties of a crop, each
processing at least one desired character, Are selected, for example, one with high
yield and another one with disease resistance character. The two varieties with
desired character are cross-bred to incorporate the desired characters in one variety.
42. What are pesticides?
Ans: pesticides are chemicals used to control weeds, insects, rodent, fungi and
diseases of plants. They include weedicides, insecticides and fungicides.
43. Why pesticides should be used judiciously?
Ans: excessive use of pesticides causes and environmental pollution. They are
leached to water resources and enter in the body of aquatic flora and fauna. Through
food chains this harmful chemical in the bodies of birds, other animals, even human
beings and harms them.
44. Give any four methods for pest control.
Ans: some methods of control pests are:
i. Use of resistant varieties.
ii. Optimum time of sowing the crops.
iii. follow crop rotation and cropping system.
iv. Deep ploughing of the field in summers to destroy undesirable weeds and
pathogens.
45. What are weeds? How do they harm crop plants?
Ans: Weed are unwanted plants that grow in the cultivated field.
Harmful effects: i. Weed compete for food, space and light with main crop plants.
ii. Weeds germinate and grow faster, and they flower and mature earlier than the
cultivated crop. Thus weeds take up all the nutrients from soil. The main crop will be
weak and yield will be much less.
46. In what ways insect-pests attack plants?
Ans: Usually insect-pest attacks plans in three ways:
i. They cut root, stem and leaf. Example weevil attack wheat crop.
ii. Suck cell sap from various parts. Example aphids feed on mustard plants.
iii. Bore into stem and fruits example top borer and shoot border larvae and
caterpillars.
47. What are pathogens? Give two examples of diseases caused by these pathogens.
Ans: pathogens are bacteria, fungi and virus which cause disease in plants. They are
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transmitted in plants through water, air, soil and seeds.
example of diseases: Rust in wheat, blast in paddy/stem rot in pigeon pea/wilt in
chickpea.
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48. What factors may be responsible for losses of grains during storage?
Ans: There is about 9.3% annual loss of grain during storage. the causes of loss of
grains are:
i. Biotic factors- Such as insects, fungi, bacteria rodents(rat), mites, birds etc.
ii. Abiotic factors- Such as inappropriate moisture content and temperature in the
place of storage.
49. Give preventive measures to control the storage of grain.
Ans: Preventive and control measures are used before grains are stored for future
use. They include strict cleaning of the produce before storage, proper drying of the
produce first in sunlight and then in shade, and fumigation using chemicals that can
kill pests.
50. Define the term animal husbandry in your own words.
Ans: Animal husbandry is the branch of science which is related to proper
management of shelter, nutrition, disease control, proper utilisation and breeding of
domestic animals.
51. What is a drought animal?
Ans: Milk-producing females used for farm labour are called draught animals.
52. Give two examples of milch animals.
Ans: cows, buffaloes, goats and camels.
53. What are the three indigenous breeds of dairy cows?
Ans: i. Red Sindhi cows are medium sized and red in colour with dark and light red
shades.
ii. Sahiwal breed is large and with heavier built. It is superior to other dairy cows.
iii. Gir cows are native breed of gir forest in Gujarat. They are medium sized and
fairly good milk yielders.
54. Name two drought animals.
Ans: Horse, ox, mule.
55. What is lactation period?
Ans: Lactation period means the period of milk production after the birth of a calf.
56. Name two examples of exotic breeds of cows which are selected for long lactation
period.
Ans: Jersey and Brown Swiss.
57. Why should a cattle breeder choose to cross-breed a Jersey cow with a red Sindhi?
Ans: Jersey cow has long lactation period but are not very efficient disease resistant.
Red sindhi has excellent resistance to disease, so they are selected to cross breed to
get animals which are resistant to diseases and have long lactation period.
58. Which method is commonly used for improving cattle breeds and why?
Ans: Artificial Insemination.
Reason: i. Semen of bull can be obtained and transported to remote parts of the
country. It is because semen can be frozen and can be stored for a long period.
ii. By artificial insemination many cows can be fertilized by the semen collected from
one bull.
59. What are additive feeds? What are its functions?
Ans: Additive feeds contain antibiotics, minerals and hormones. They are given to
dairy animals to promote the growth of the animals facilitated good yield of milk and
protect them from diseases.
60. Name four common infectious diseases of cattle.
Ans: Foot and mouth diseases, Anthrax, Rinderpest, Cow pox or black quarter.
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64. White leghorn is an exotic variety of which animal?
Ans: Poultry bird (fowl).
65. What are (i) White revolution (ii) Blue revolution (iii) silver revolution?
Ans: (i) White revolution:- increase in milk production by rearing of cattle scientifically
using hybridisation and care of their health, shelter, nutrition, etc.
(ii) Blue revolution:- increase in production of fish and shellfish by better techniques
of aquaculture/culture fishery.
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83. Catla, Rohu and Mrigals constitute-
Ans: Fresh water fish .
84. Which one is known as rock bee?
Ans: Apis dorsata.
85. What is corp rotation?
Ans:Crop rotation is the practice of growing different crops in the same field at
different times to maintain soil fertility.
86. Which is the main source of irrigation in India?
Ans:The main sources of irrigation in India are canals, wells, and tube wells.
87. Which crop is known as the 'king of cereals'?
Ans: Rice is known as the 'king of cereals'.
88. What is aquaculture?
Ans: Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, and
plants.
89. What are the advantages of intercropping and crop rotation?
Ans: Advantages of Intercropping: In intercropping two or more crops are grown
simultaneously on the same field in a definite row pattern. This practice reduces
interspecific competition for same type of nutrients. In this way both crops can give
better yield.
Advantages of crop rotation: i. Crop rotation makes the soil fertile and helps in
increasing crop yield.
ii. It decrease the demand of nitrogenous fertilizers. Leguminous plants grown during
crop rotation help in fixing atmospheric nitrogen and enrich the soil with nitrogen
compounds.
iii. Rotation of crops helps in pest control. Pests do not find their favourite crop in the
next season and find it hard to survive.
90. How do storage grain losses occur?
Ans: Reasons of storage grain losses:-
i. Degradation in quality,
ii. Loss in weight,
iii. Poor germinability,
iv. Poor Marketability,
v. Discolouration of produce.
*The end*