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General Chemistry 2 – Grade 12

STEM Learning Activity Sheets
Quarter 3 – Week 4: Chemical Kinetics

First Edition, 2021

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Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
General Chemistry 2, Quarter 3, Week 4

CHEMICAL KINETICS

Name: ___________________________________________ Section: ____________________

 Most Essential Learning Competencies:

- Describe how various factors influence the rate of reaction (STEM_GC11CKIIIi-j-130)
- Differentiate zero-, first-, and second-order reactions (STEM_GC11CKIIIi-j-132)
- Explain reactions qualitatively in terms of molecular collisions (STEM_GC11CKIIIi-j-136)
- Explain activation energy and how a catalyst affects the reaction rate
(STEM_GC11CKIIIi-j-137)
- Cite and differentiate the types of catalysts (STEM_GC11CKIIIi-j-138)
 Specific Learning Objectives:
1. Define rate of reaction.
2. Explain reactions qualitatively using molecular collisions.
3. Describe how each factor can affect the rate of reaction.
4. Explain activation energy and how a catalyst affects the reaction rate.
5. Cite and differentiate the types of catalysts.
6. Explain the form and function of a rate law.
7. Use rate laws to calculate reaction rates.
8. Use rate and concentration data to identify reaction orders (zero-, first-, and
second-order reactions) and derive rate laws.
Time Allotment: 4 hours

Key Concepts
A. Rate of Reaction
 Chemical kinetics is the study of the rate of chemical reactions, as well as the mechanism
by which a reaction occurs and the different factors that influence it.
 Several chemical reactions occur in daily life --- fruits ripen, leaves change colors from green
to brown, food gets spoiled, gasoline burns, iron rusts, among others. These chemical
reactions proceed in a given amount of time. The reactants disappear and new
substances/products are formed. The change from reactants to products takes place at
different length of time depending on the reaction. It could be slow, moderately fast, or a
very fast reaction.
 The rate of a reaction can be defined as the change in the concentration of reactant or
mol/L
product per change in time. It is expressed in molar per second or M/s (It can also be ).
s
The concentration of a reactant or product is represented in square brackets [ ]. For this
hypothetical chemical equation
aA + bB  cC + dD
the rate of reaction can be expressed as
1 ∆[A] 1 ∆[B] 1 ∆[C] 1 ∆[D]
rate = −
( )= − ( ) = ( ) = ( )
𝑎 ∆t 𝑏 ∆t 𝑐 ∆t 𝑑 ∆t
By convention, a negative sign is attached on the change in the concentration of the
reactants considering that the concentration of the reactants decreases as the reaction
proceeds. With this convention, the positive sign for the rate is maintained.

Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 1

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
  Consider the balanced equation for the decomposition of nitrous oxide (N 2O) into nitrogen
gas and oxygen gas
catalyst
2N2O(g) 2N2(g) + O2(g)
The rate of this reaction may be expressed in terms of the change in concentration of N 2O,
N2, or O2 as
1 ∆[N2 O] 1 ∆[N2 ] ∆[O2 ]
rate = − ( )= ( ) = ( )
2 ∆t 2 ∆t ∆t
The rate expression shows the relative speed at which the concentration of one species
changes with respect to that of another species. In the example, the rate expression
indicates that the formation of N2 is the same as fast as the decomposition of N2O and is
twice as fast as the formation of O2.

B. The Reaction Process

 A balanced chemical equation does not show the actual details in a chemical reaction. The
reaction is not a single-step reaction but occurs in a series of steps. Breaking of bonds and
rearrangement of molecules take place during the course of the reaction. The reaction
process can be explained in terms of the Collision Theory and the Transition State Theory.
 Collision Theory
 Chemists have proposed a model known as the Collision Theory to explain why a
reaction occurs. Consider the given hypothetical reaction shown below:
A2 + B2  2AB
In order for the reaction above to take place, the molecules of A2 must collide with
the molecules of B2. Once the A2 comes in contact with B2, a short-lived molecule
A2B2 is formed. The bonds of A2 and B2 are destroyed and new bonds are formed. The
rearrangement of bonds of the starting molecules will cause the formation of a new
substance AB. In a container filled with the substance A2 and B2 initially, no AB is
present. Then, molecular collisions proceed and AB is formed.
A2 + B2  A2B2  2AB
However, not all collisions of A2 and B2 form a product. Only effective collisions will
result to the formation of a product. For an effective collision to occur, there must be
a proper orientation of the reactants during collision. If the collision is ineffective like
what is shown in Figure 1, products are not formed.

Figure 1. The collision of the diatomic molecules A2 and B2 shown here is

an ineffective collision. No new substance is formed.

Figure 2. An effective collision that shows the formation of products.

There is proper orientation of the reactants during collision.

Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 2

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 
It can be deduced from the Collision Theory that the greater the number of collisions,
the greater the chances of effective collisions, and the greater the amount of products
per unit time. Therefore, the greater the number of molecular collisions, the faster
the reaction rate.
 Transition State Theory
 Sufficient energy is required for effective collisions to occur. The energy comes from
the kinetic energy of the reacting molecules.
 Consider the reaction below:
A2 + B2 A2B2 2AB
Activated Complex
(Transition State)
The formation of A2B2 is crucial since it determines whether the reaction proceeds.
The A2B2 is called a transition state (activated complex) and it determines how fast
the reaction will occur. It is a short-lived molecule and, therefore, very unstable
because from the top, it rolls down immediately to form the product AB. It possesses
high energy and is the rate-determining step in a reaction.
 Activation energy is the energy needed for the formation of the activated complex
and for the reaction to occur. The activation energy represents the minimum amount
of energy that is needed in a chemical reaction in order to transform reactants into
products. The value of the activation energy is equivalent to the difference in potential
energy between particles in the transition state and particles of reactants in their
initial state. The activation energy thus can be visualized as a barrier that must be
overcome by reactants before products can be formed.
 Figure 3 illustrates the energy diagram of endothermic and exothermic reactions.
Energy diagram is used to show changes in energy that occur during chemical
reactions. The difference of the energy of the reactants and the products is
mathematically expressed as:
∆E = energy of the product - energy of the reactants

Figure 3. Energy diagram of endothermic and exothermic reactions

Source: CK-12 Foundation, “Chemical Reactions and Energy,” CK-12, 2014, https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-
12-physical-science-for-middle-school/section/8.4/.

In figure 3A, the energy of the products is greater than the energy of the reactants,
∆E is positive which indicates endothermic reaction. This type of reaction absorbs
energy for the reaction to occur.

Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 3

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 In figure 3B, the energy of the reactants is higher than the energy of the products
and ∆E comes out to be negative. If ∆E is negative, the reaction is an exothermic
reaction which means that the reaction releases energy.
Slow reactions have high activation energies. Fast reactions have relatively low
activation energies. An endothermic reaction always has a greater activation energy
and a slower rate than the opposing exothermic reaction.

C. Factors Affecting Reaction Rate

 The reaction rate sometimes proceeds slowly, moderately slow, or quite fast. Reaction rate
is influenced by several factors, namely (1) nature of reactants, (2) surface area, (3)
temperature, (4) concentration, and (5) catalysts.
 Nature of Reactants
 Since bonds are broken and rearranged during a chemical reaction, the reaction rate
depends on the complexity of the bonds to be broken. The more complex the bonds
to be destroyed, the slower the rate of reaction. On the other hand, if the bonds are
simple, the reactions will occur faster. For instance, the reaction between hydrogen
and oxygen to form water occurs explosively and very rapidly because the bonds of
hydrogen and oxygen are simple, whereas the formation of polyester is a slow
reaction because the polymer is produced by complex alternating combination of
terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
 The state of reactant also affects the rate of reaction. The reaction between two gases
would occur faster than the reaction between two liquids. The reaction between two
liquids would occur faster than the reaction between two solids. A reaction that has
the same state of matter for all the reactants is called a homogeneous reaction. If the
reactants are in different states, then the reaction is called a heterogeneous reaction.
 Surface Area
 An increased surface area of solids in heterogeneous reaction indicates that more
reactant particles are exposed. The greater the exposure of reactant particles, the
greater the chances for more frequent collisions. Since reaction rate occurs faster
with an increase in the number of collisions, then an increase in surface area will
consequently increase the rate of reaction.

Figure 4. Surface area and reaction rate

Source: “Factors That Affect Rate of
Reaction.” Good Science, October 1, 2020.
https://www.goodscience.com.au/year-10-
chemistry/factors-that-affect-rate-of-
reaction/.

 Temperature
 An increase in temperature leads to an increase in the rate of reaction. With high
temperature, reactant particles move faster and have more energy. An increase in the
movement of reactant particles results to more frequent collisions. An increase in the
energy of reactant particles entails greater proportion of successful collisions – that is,

Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 4

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 collisions will more likely involve sufficient energy to break bonds. This will consequently
increase the rate of reaction.
 The rule of thumb by chemists is that for every 10⁰C increase in temperature, the rate
of reaction approximately doubles or triples.
 Common real-life application of this concept is our use of refrigerator/freezer for food
storage as this avoids rapid food spoilage since at lower temperatures, the reaction rate
is slower.

 Concentration
 The reaction rate was earlier defined as the change in the concentration of reactants or
products per unit time. For this reason, concentration has great effect on the reaction
rate. Consider this reaction:
A2 + B2 A2B2 2AB
If the concentration of A2 or B2 is increased, there will be greater number of particles for
a given space. Since the distances between the particles will be decreased due to the
increased number of particles, there will be greater chances for more frequent collisions
among the particles. Consequently, this will increase the rate of reaction.

 Catalyst
 Usually, the presence of catalyst will lead to an increase in rate of reaction.
 Catalysts are substances that lower the activation energy (energy required to break
bonds), by orienting reactant particles in a way that makes bonds easier to break. The
following figure compares the activation energy of chemical reactions with and without
catalyst:

Figure 5. Catalysts and reaction rate

Source: “Factors That Affect Rate of Reaction.” Good Science, October 1, 2020.
https://www.goodscience.com.au/year-10-chemistry/factors-that-affect-rate-of-reaction/.

Lower activation energy (just as in the graph with catalyst) indicates greater proportion
of successful collisions between reactant particles. Consequently, this will increase the
rate of reaction.

Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 5

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
  Catalysts increase the rate of a chemical reaction, but are not themselves changed
during the reaction.
 A catalysed reaction is written as:
catalyst
reactants products
This illustrates that the reaction takes place in the presence of a catalyst, but the
catalyst is neither a reactant nor a product.
 There are different types of catalysts:
1. Positive Catalyst – This type of catalyst decreases the activation energy by
accepting an alternative path for the reaction to occur, thus increasing the rate
of reaction. The following example is a reaction that uses positive catalyst:
Pt(s)
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
2. Negative Catalyst – This type of catalyst decreases or slows down the rate of
reaction. It increases the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. It is
also known as inhibitor. Examples of this catalyst include corrosion inhibitors
(inorganic substances such as phosphates, chromates, silicates, etc.) that slows
down the corrosion rate of metals. The following sample reaction uses negative
catalyst:
H3PO4(s)
2H2O2(l) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
3. Auto-catalyst – In autocatalysis, the chemical reaction is catalyzed by one of the
products, that catalyst is called auto-catalyst. One of the simplest examples of
this is in the oxidation of a solution of oxalic acid (C2H2O4) by an acidified solution
of potassium permanganate (KMnO4).
4. Induced catalyst – This is a substance that influences the speed of a reaction
which is not possible under ordinary conditions. For instance, sodium arsenite
solution is not oxidized by air. If, however, air is passed through a mixture of the
solution of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), both of them
would undergo simultaneous oxidation; thus, sulfite has induced the arsenite
and hence is called the induced catalyst.
D. Rate Law
 The rate law is a mathematical expression describing the relationship between the
concentration of the reactants and the rate of reaction. Generally, the rate law is expressed
this way:

rate = k[A]x[B]y[C]z…
where
k is the rate constant,
[A], [B], and [C] are the molar concentrations of reactants,
and the exponents x, y, and z are the order of the reaction with respect to the reactant.
 The rate constant does not depend on the concentration of reactant A, B, or C, but it
varies with temperature and surface area.
 The unit of the rate constant k varies depending on the rate law expression. The rate
constant k and the exponents x, y, and z must be determined experimentally by analyzing
how the reaction rate changes as the concentrations of the reactants change.
 Rate laws cannot be predicted by reaction stoichiometry; it is determined experimentally.
 Order of a Reaction
Consider a simple hypothetical reaction with only one reactant.
A products
The rate law for this reaction takes the form
rate = k[A]x
Let us define the order of reaction based on that rate law.

Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 6

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
  A zero-order reaction has a constant reaction rate that is equal to its rate constant
regardless of the changes in the concentration of the reactant
rate = k[A]0 = k
 In the first-order reaction, the rate increases generally in the same order as the
concentration of the reactant. So the rate doubles when the reactant concentration
is doubled and a triple increase in reactant concentration means an increase of
three times the original rate.
rate = k[A]1 = k[A]
 In a second-order reaction, doubling the reactant concentration would quadruple
the original reaction rate. A triple increase in reactant concentration would increase
the reaction rate ninefolds.
rate = k[A]2
 Orders of reaction play a role in determining the units for the rate constant k.
Table 1 shows the rate constant units for common reaction orders.

Table 1. Rate Laws for Different Reaction Orders

based on the Reaction A products
Reaction Order Rate Law Units of k
M
zero rate = k[A]0 = k
s
1
first rate = k[A]1 = k[A]
s
1
second rate = k[A]2
M·s
1
third rate = k[A][B]2
M² · s

 Writing Rate Laws from Reaction Order

 The exponents in a rate law define the reaction order and it describes the effects of
the concentration of reactants on the rate of reaction.
Consider a chemical reaction with a rate law that is:
rate=k[A]x[B]y
If the exponent x is 1, the reaction is first-order with respect to A. If x is 2, the
reaction is second-order with respect to A. If y is 1, the reaction is first-order in B.
If y is 2, the reaction is second-order in B. If x or y is equal to zero, the reaction is
zero-order in A or B, respectively, and the rate of the reaction is not affected by the
concentration of the reactant. The sum of the orders with respect to each reactant
is the overall order of the reaction. So if x = 1 and y = 2, the overall order of the
reaction is third-order (x + y = 1 + 2 = 3).
 Consider these examples:
a. The rate law:
rate = k[CO2]
describes a reaction that is first order in carbon dioxide and first order overall.
b. The rate law:
rate=k[Na+][Cl−]
describes a reaction that is first order in Na +, first order in Cl−, and second
order overall.
c. The rate law:
rate=k[C4H6]2
describes a reaction that is second order in C4H6 and second order overall.

Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 7

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 d. An experiment indicates that the reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with
carbon monoxide (CO):
NO2(g)+CO(g)⟶NO(g)+CO2(g)
is second order in NO2 and zero order in CO at 100 °C. What is the rate law
for the reaction?
Solution:
The reaction will have the form:
rate=k[NO2]x[CO]y
The reaction is second order in NO2; thus x = 2. The reaction is zero order in
CO; thus y = 0. The rate law is:
rate = k[NO2]2[CO]0 = k[NO2]2
Recall that a number raised to the power of zero is equal to 1, so [CO]0 = 1,
thus we can simply drop the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) from the
rate equation; the reaction rate is solely dependent on the concentration of
nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

 Determining Rate Laws from Initial Rates

 The rate law for a chemical reaction can be experimentally determined using the
method of initial rates. The technique determines how the reaction rate is affected
by the concentration of reactants by comparing the initial rates of reaction at
different initial concentrations of reactants. To illustrate this, consider the
following example.
 Ozone in the atmosphere is depleted when it reacts with nitrogen oxides. The
following reaction of ozone and nitrogen monoxide has been studied in the
laboratory:
NO(g)+O3(g)⟶NO2(g)+O2(g)
and the following reaction rate data were determined at 25°C.

Initial Rate of
Initial [NO] Initial [O3] Reaction
Experiment
(M) (M) (Δ[NO2]/Δt)
(M/s)
1 1.00 × 10−6 3.00 × 10−6 6.60 × 10−5
2 1.00 × 10−6 6.00 × 10−6 1.32 × 10−4
3 1.00 × 10−6 9.00 × 10−6 1.98 × 10−4
4 2.00 × 10−6 9.00 × 10−6 3.96 × 10−4
5 3.00 × 10−6 9.00 × 10−6 5.94 × 10−4

Determine the rate law as well as the rate constant for the given chemical
reaction at 25°C.
 Solution
The rate law would be:
rate = k[NO]x[O3]y
The values of x, y, and k can be determined from the experimental data following
this three-part process:
1. Determine the value of x from the given data in which [NO] varies and [O 3] is
constant.
Notice that in the last three experiments, [NO] varies while [O3] stayed constant.
From experiment 3 to 4, when [NO] doubles, the rate doubles, and when [NO]
triples from experiment 3 to 5, the rate also triples. The rate is directly
proportional to [NO]. The rate increases in the same order as the concentration

Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 8

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 of the reactant, so this is a first-order reaction, thus x in the rate law is equal
to 1.
2. Determine the value of y from the given data in which [O3] varies and [NO] is
constant.
[NO] is constant while [O3] varies in the first three experiments. Notice that from
experiment 1 to 2, when [O3] doubles, the rate doubles; when [O3] triples from
experiment 1 to 3, the rate also tripled. Thus, the change in reaction rate is
directly proportional to the change in [O3], so it is a first-order reaction, thus
y is equal to 1. Therefore, the rate law is:
rate = k[NO]1[O3]1 = k[NO][O3]
3. Determine the value of the rate constant k from one set of concentrations and the
corresponding rate of reaction.
rate
𝑘=
[NO][O₃]
6.60 x 10−5 M/s
𝑘=
(1.00 x 10−6 M)(3.00 x 10−6 M)
𝑘 = 2.20 x 107 M⁻¹s⁻¹
The large value of k for this example (2.20 x 107 M⁻¹s⁻¹) indicates that this is a
fast reaction, it could play an important role in the depletion of ozone if the
concentration of NO is large enough.
Also, notice that overall, the reaction is a second-order reaction (x + y = 1 + 1
= 2). Based on Table 1 (Rate Laws for Different Reaction Orders), the unit of k
1
for second-order reaction should be or M-1s-1; that is consistent with our
M·s
final answer.

Activity 1. Comprehension Check!

Learning Objectives:
1. Define rate of reaction.
2. Describe how each factor can affect the rate of reaction.
3. Cite and differentiate the types of catalysts.
4. Explain the form and function of a rate law.
5. Use rate laws to calculate reaction rates.
6. Use rate and concentration data to identify reaction orders (zero-, first-, and
second-order reactions) and derive rate laws.
What you need: Pen, calculator
What to do: Read each item carefully. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. For
calculations, show all steps leading to the final answer.
1. Write true if the statement is correct and false if it is not:
a. The rate of reaction illustrates the change in the concentration of reactant only.
b. Decreasing the activation energy decreases the reaction rate.
c. Lowering the temperature speeds up the reaction.
d. If the temperature is increased, more collisions are provoked among molecules.
e. Reactions which require low activation energies are very fast.
f. Collisions always lead to reactions.
g. In order for the reaction to occur, the colliding molecules must have equal or greater
energy than the activation energy.
h. In a reaction in which one reactant is a solid and one is a liquid, pulverizing the solid
reactant would speed up the reaction.
i. An auto-catalyst increases the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur thereby
slowing down the reaction rate.
j. Increasing the concentration of reactant in a zero-order reaction would increase the
reaction rate.

Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 9

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 2. Hydrogen peroxide (agua oxygenada, H2O2) is a colorless liquid used as disinfectant and
bleach. At high temperatures, it decomposes easily into water and oxygen.
2H2O2(aq) ⇋ 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
Write the equation for the rate of reaction based on the concentration of the reactants and
products.

3. The rate law for the chemical reaction

H2(g)+2NO(g) ⟶ N2O(g)+H2O(g)
has been determined experimentally to be, rate = k[NO]2[H2]. What are the orders of reaction
with respect to each reactant, and what is the overall order of the reaction?
4. Consider the reaction:
P4 + 6H2 ⟶ 4PH3.
A rate study of this reaction was conducted at 298 K. The data obtained are shown in the
table.
[P4], M [H2], M Initial Rate, M/s

0.0110 0.0075 3.20 x 10-4

0.0110 0.0150 6.40 x 10-4

0.0220 0.0150 6.39x 10-4

a. What are the orders of reaction with respect to each reactant, and what is the
overall order of the reaction?
b. Write the rate law for the reaction.
c. Determine the value and units of the rate constant, k.
5. Chloroform (CHCl3) is a known anesthetic. It is also used to produce the refrigerant
carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) according to the reaction
CHCl3(g) + Cl2(g)  CCl4(g) + HCl(g)
Several experiments obtained the following data:

Initial [CHCl3] Initial [Cl2] Initial Rate of

Experiment
(M) (M) Reaction (M/s)
I 0.0011 0.014 2.60 x 10-4
II 0.0011 0.028 5.20 x 10-4
III 0.0022 0.028 2.08 x 10-3
IV 0.0022 0.014 1.04 x 10-3
Write the rate law expression for this reaction. Determine the value of the rate constant.

Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 10

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 Activity 2. Experiment Time: Rate of Reaction of Hydrogen Peroxide!
- Learning Objectives:
1. Explain reactions qualitatively using molecular collisions.
2. Describe how each factor can affect the rate of reaction.
3. Explain activation energy and how a catalyst affects the reaction rate.
- What you need:
Hydrogen Peroxide (Agua Oxygenada)-recommended concentration is 3% (10
volumes) or 6% (20 volumes); small piece of chicken liver (if not available, a small
amount of saliva will be a good substitute); ice (not needed if you will not use chicken
liver); beaker (or clear glass/container); dropper (optional); watch glass (or clear
container), stirrer
- What to do:
Note: Prior to the experiment, place the chicken liver in an ice bath to maintain its
freshness.
A. Stir It
1. Pour 10 mL of the hydrogen peroxide solution into a beaker (if you don’t have
beaker at home, you can use clear glass).
2. Gently stir the solution in one direction (if you don’t have glass stirring rod, empty
ballpen shell can be a good substitute, just make sure it’s clean prior to using it).
Observe for any formation of bubbles, which indicates the decomposition of the
hydrogen peroxide into oxygen gas.
3. Try to increase the speed of the stirring. Be careful not to spill the hydrogen
peroxide solution. Take note of your observation. Does bubble formation
intensify?
Observations:

Slow Stirring

Fast Stirring

B. Catalyze It
1. Prepare two watch glasses---glass A and glass B. If you don’t have watch glass,
you can use small clear container or clear glass.
2. Cut a small piece of fresh chicken liver and place it in watch glass B (or container
B). If chicken liver is not available, a small amount of saliva will be a good
substitute.
3. Place a few drops of the hydrogen peroxide solution into the liver (or saliva) in
glass B/container B. Simultaneously, place a few drops of the hydrogen peroxide
solution in glass A/container A (There should be no other thing in glass A except
for the hydrogen peroxide; the amount of hydrogen peroxide in glass A and glass
B must be the same). Observe what happens.
4. Record your observations.
Observations:
Glass A or
Container A (without
chicken liver/ saliva)

Glass B or
Container B (with
chicken liver/saliva)

Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 11

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 Waste Disposal
 Discard waste solutions containing hydrogen peroxide in properly labeled waste
bottles. If waste bottles are not available, discard the solutions in the sink while
flushing with running water. Hydrogen peroxide can actually help clean the
sink.
 Properly dispose the chicken liver in your covered compost pit.

Documentation
 Take pictures of your experiment. Attach the pictures on this activity sheet.
Alternatively, if you don’t have printers at home or cannot possibly print
outside, you may send the pictures to your General Chemistry class group chat
instead.

- Guide Questions:
1. How does stirring affect the rate of a reaction? Will shaking the beaker with
hydrogen peroxide produce a similar affect? Why or why not?

2. How will you explain your observations on the chicken liver (or saliva) with
hydrogen peroxide?

3. Study the product label of the hydrogen peroxide solution. What is the
recommended storage temperature for the product? Many manufacturers
recommend storage temperature of less than or equal to 30⁰C, why do you think is
this so?

Reflection
Give practical applications of chemical kinetics-related concepts in real life. Write your
responses on a separate sheet of paper. Be guided with the following rubrics:
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Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 12

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 Reflection Rubric
3 Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the
concepts, and has no misconception.
2 Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the
concepts, but with minimal misconception.
1 Practical application is explained consistent to the concepts, but
with misconceptions.
0 No discussion

References for learners:

“Chemical Reactions and Energy.” CK-12 Foundation, 2014, https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-
physical-science-for-middle-school/section/8.4/.
“Factors That Affect Rate of Reaction,” Good Science, October 1, 2020,
https://www.goodscience.com.au/year-10-chemistry/factors-that-affect-rate-of-reaction/.
Ayson, Marissa F., and Rebecca S. De Borja. General Chemistry 2 Textbook. Quezon City,
Philippines: Vibal Group, Inc., 2016.
Barrameda, Ma. Corazon B., Shirley R. Jusayan, Veronica C. Sabularse, Joseph Carmelo K. San
Pascual, and Aprhodite M. Macale. Teaching Guide for Senior High School General Chemistry
2. Quezon City, Philippines: Commission on Higher Education, 2016.
Bayquen, Aristea V., and Gardee T. Peña. Exploring Life through Science Series: General
Chemistry 2. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, 2017.
Chang, Raymond. Chemistry. 10th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2010.
Flowers, Paul, Klaue Theopold, and Richard Langley. “Rate Laws.” Chemistry LibreTexts.
Libretexts, November 5, 2020.
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Book%3A_Chemistry_(OpenS
TAX)/12%3A_Kinetics/12.3%3A_Rate_Laws.
Laidler, Keith J. “Transition-State Theory,” 2021.
https://www.britannica.com/science/transition-state-theory.

Answer Key
Activity 2: Answers vary

5. rate = k[CHCl3]2[Cl2]; k = 1.5x104 /M2·s

c. k = 0.0427 s-1
rate equation; the reaction rate is solely dependent on the concentration of H 2.)
to 1, thus [P4]0 = 1, that is why we can simply drop the concentration of P4 from the
b. rate law: rate = k[H2] (Remember that a number raised to the power of zero is equal
4. a. order in P4 = 0; order in H2 = 1; overall order = 1
3. order in NO = 2; order in H2 = 1; overall order = 3
∆t ∆t 2 ∆t 2
ቁ = ቀ ቁቀ = ቁ 2. rate = − ቀ
∆[O2 ] ∆[H₂O] 1 ∆[H2 O₂] 1

1. a. False; b. False; c. False; d. True; e. True; f. False; g. True; h. True; i. False; j. False
Activity 1:

Author: Ryan Paul M. Vales 13

School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur
email address: [email protected]