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pipe friction in laminar turbulent flow

The document is an instructional manual for the HD 150.01 unit, which is designed to study pipe friction losses in both laminar and turbulent flow using a stainless steel pipe. It outlines the setup for experiments, including preparation steps and detailed procedures for measuring pressure losses and flow rates. Additionally, it provides formulas for calculating Reynolds number and pipe coefficients of friction for both flow types.

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14 views

pipe friction in laminar turbulent flow

The document is an instructional manual for the HD 150.01 unit, which is designed to study pipe friction losses in both laminar and turbulent flow using a stainless steel pipe. It outlines the setup for experiments, including preparation steps and detailed procedures for measuring pressure losses and flow rates. Additionally, it provides formulas for calculating Reynolds number and pipe coefficients of friction for both flow types.

Uploaded by

sales.arihantscientific
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PIPE FRICTION FOR LAMINAR/TURBULENT FLOW HD 150.

01

INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL
PIPE FRICTION FOR LAMINAR/TURBULENT FLOW
HD 150.01

#-3, Pooja Vihar, Opposite Industrial Estate, Ambala Cantt-133006


Contact:-90345-76033
Email: - [email protected]
PIPE FRICTION FOR LAMINAR/TURBULENT FLOW HD 150.01

Contents
1 Unit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Preparing the experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1 Laminar flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2 worksheet for laminar flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.3 Turbulent flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.4 worksheet for turbulent flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


PIPE FRICTION FOR LAMINAR/TURBULENT FLOW HD 150.01

Unit Description

The HD150.01 unit is used to examine pipe friction losses in laminar and turbulent flow.
The pipe section used is a stainless steel pipe with an inside diameter of 3 mm and a length of
400 mm.

The pressure losses are measured in laminar flow with a water manometer. The static pressure
difference is indicated.
In turbulent flow the pressure difference is measured with a two bourdon tube manometers.
A level tank is provided to generate the laminar flow. It ensures a constant water inflow pressure
on the pipe section at a constant water level. The level tank is not used to generate turbulent
flow. The water is fed directly from the water main into the pipe section. The flow rate is set by
means of needle valves at each end of the pipe.

The water is supplied either from the HD150 fluid technics base module or from the laboratory
main. An enclosed water circuit can be established with the HD150.
PIPE FRICTION FOR LAMINAR/TURBULENT FLOW HD 150.01

12 2

11
9

13

8
3

10

7 14 5 6 4

1. Demonstration board 8. Hose connection for water supply


2. Water manometer 9. Connection for bourdon gauge.
3. Discharge needle valve 10. Overflow
4. Pressure tapping at the end of the pipe 11. Water tank
5. Pressure tapping at the beginning of the pipe 12. Bourdon gauge manometer
6. Pipe section 13. Inlet needle valve for direct supply
7. Inlet needle valve for water tank 14. Outlet for water tank to pipe.
PIPE FRICTION FOR LAMINAR/TURBULENT FLOW HD 150.01

2. Preparing the experiment

- Set the experiment on the HD 150 so that the discharge directs the water into tank.
- Connect a hose between the HD150 and the unit.
- Open the HD150 discharge.

3 Experiments

Pressure loss of laminar flow is to be compared with turbulent flow.

3.1 Laminar flow

- connect the water manometer to two pressure measuring points


- open the needle valve at the discharge fully.
- close the valve (13) fully.
- open the valve (7, 14).
- switch on the pump and adjust the discharge valve of the bench so that constant
water level is created in the tank.
- close the needle valve until a constant pressure difference say 2cm is established on
the water manometer.
- Determining the volume flow.
- Increase the flow in increments (hv increases) and repeat the volume measurements.

It also needs to be investigated whether the flow is laminar or turbulent.


The switch from laminar to turbulent flow form occurs when:
Rekr  2300
Relam  2300 means laminar flow
Retur. ≥ 2300 means turbulent flow

The Reynolds number is calculated from

𝑤 .𝑑
Re = where

PIPE FRICTION FOR LAMINAR/TURBULENT FLOW HD 150.01

d = inside diameter of the pipe section [m]


w = flow rate [m/s]
 = viscosity of the medium [m2/s]

Fall hv = h1 – h2

The volume flow 𝑽is best measured with a measuring vessel and a stopwatch.

𝑽
V=
𝒕

The flow rate is produced from:


PIPE FRICTION FOR LAMINAR/TURBULENT FLOW HD 150.01
𝐕
w=
𝑨

V = volume flow
A = cross sectional area of pipe

πd2
Where A = and d = 3mm
4

The fall hv is set with the drain valve. From the fall the pipe coefficient of friction is calculated 𝜆
as:
2. ℎ𝑣. 𝑑
𝜆=
.𝐻2𝑜.𝐼.𝑤 2

Where I = 400 mm pipe section, the value for hv has to be inserted in Pa

The theoretical pipe coefficient of friction 𝜆𝑡ℎ is to be compared with the measured value. For
laminar flow:

64
𝜆𝑡ℎ =
𝑅𝑒
PIPE FRICTION FOR LAMINAR/TURBULENT FLOW HD 150.01

Worksheet for laminar flow:

hv t V V W Re 𝜆 𝜆𝑡ℎ
(cm) (sec) (l) (l/s) (m/s) (calculated)
PIPE FRICTION FOR LAMINAR/TURBULENT FLOW HD 150.01

Turbulent flow
In this experiment the level tank is not used. For turbulent flow a higher flow rate is required.
The water is therefore fed directly from the HD150 or from the main into the pipe section.
Proceed as follows:
- Close the ball-cock fully.
- Close valve [13] fully.
- Close valve [7] fully.
Connect the bourdon tube gauge manometers to the two pressure measuring nipples.
- Open the needle valve at the discharge fully.
- Switch the pump on
- Open valve [13] fully.
- Close the needle valve at the discharge until a constant pressure difference is established in the
manometer.
- Determining the volume flow.
- Increase the flow in increments and repeat the volume flow measurements.

The calculations are made in the same way as for the laminar flow.

According to Blasius, however, the theoretical pipe coefficient of friction 𝜆𝑡ℎ

For turbulent flow is calculated as follows:

0.3164
𝜆𝑡ℎ = 4
√𝑅𝑒
PIPE FRICTION FOR LAMINAR/TURBULENT FLOW HD 150.01

Worksheet for turbulent flow:

P t V V W Re 𝜆 𝜆𝑡ℎ
(mbar) (sec) (l) (l/s) (m/s)

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