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Fluid_Mechanics_Lesson_15B_NA

This document discusses compressible flow in converging ducts, focusing on critical conditions, mass flow rate, and choking. It includes equations for steady, adiabatic, isentropic flow of an ideal gas and provides an example problem involving air flow from a pressurized tank. Key concepts include determining the flow state (subsonic, sonic, supersonic) and calculating mass flow rates under various conditions.

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7 views

Fluid_Mechanics_Lesson_15B_NA

This document discusses compressible flow in converging ducts, focusing on critical conditions, mass flow rate, and choking. It includes equations for steady, adiabatic, isentropic flow of an ideal gas and provides an example problem involving air flow from a pressurized tank. Key concepts include determining the flow state (subsonic, sonic, supersonic) and calculating mass flow rates under various conditions.

Uploaded by

austinke82
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPRESSIBLE FLOW AND CHOKING IN CONVERGING DUCTS

In this lesson, we will:


• Discuss Subsonic Compressible Flow in a Converging Duct and how to calculate
Critical Conditions and Mass Flow Rate
• Define Choking and how to determine if the flow is choked
• Do an example problem
Compressible Flow from a Pressurized Tank into a Converging Duct

Pressurized Converging duct


tank

Stagnation Ae = exit area


conditions:
V≈0 Mae = exit
T = T0 Mach number
P = P0
h = h0
Pb = back Pe = exit
pressure pressure
Critical (Sonic) Conditions in a Duct
Recall our equations for steady, adiabatic, isentropic flow of an ideal gas:
k 1
h0 = constant T0 k −1 P  k −1  k −1 ρ0  k − 1  k −1
= 1+ Ma 2 0= 1 + Ma 2  = 1 + Ma 2 
T0 = constant T 2 P  2  ρ  2 
Example: Converging Duct Flow
Given: Air flows steadily from a large pressurized
tank at pressure P0 into a converging duct that is open Pressurized Converging duct
to another large tank at pressure Pb. The duct is tank
insulated and we ignore friction. We measure:
• P0 = 158.0 kPa Stagnation Ae = exit area
• T0 = 520.0 K conditions:
• Pb = back pressure = 101.3 kPa V≈0
• Ae = exit area = 0.0130 m2 T = T0
P = P0
To do:
h = h0 Pb = back
(a) Is the flow at the exit subsonic, sonic, or
pressure
supersonic?
(b) As we lower back pressure, at what value of Pb
does the nozzle exit become sonic?
(c) Calculate Mae and Te for this case.
Solution: First we list our Assumptions and Approximations:
1. The flow is one-dimensional (V ≈ uniform across the duct cross section)
2. The gas is an ideal gas (usually air)
3. The flow is steady
4. The flow is nearly isentropic
5. The flow is adiabatic
6. The tank is so large that stagnation conditions in the tank do not change appreciably
Mass Flow Rate Through a Converging Duct

Final equations for mass flow rate through a converging duct:


−( k +1)
k  k −1  2( k −1)
=
General case (not necessarily choked): m P0 AMa 1 + Ma 2 
RT0  2 
−( k +1)
k  k +1 2( k −1)
m m=
Choked case (at exit plane, Ma = 1 and A = A*):= max P0 A*  
RT0  2 
For example, calculate the mass flow rate for the above example problem.

−( k +1)
k  k −1  2( k −1)
m P0 AMa 1 + Ma 2 
RT0  2 

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