ABK –SSJ Class X

CH-1 Resources and Development

CLASS X : Social Science :Geography
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ABK -SSJ
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1. What do you understand by a 'Resource'? Give examples. (2015)
Ans. Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, is called a resource. It should
be technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Only then, it can be termed as a
'Resource'. Examples: minerals, forests, fossil fuels etc.
2. Give any two examples of non-renewable resources.
Ans. Non-renewable resources are resources which once get exhausted, cannot be remade. They take a long
geological period of time, millions of years, in their formation, for example, minerals, fossil fuels, etc.
3. Write the classification of resources on four different bases.
Ans. Resources can be classified in the following four ways:
(a) On the basis of origin:
(i) Biotic
(ii) Abiotic
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility:
(i) Renewable
(ii) Non-renewable
(c) On the basis of ownership:
(i) Individual (Personal)
(ii) Community (iii) National (iv) International
(d) On the basis of status and development
(i) Potential (ii) Developed (iii) Reserve (iv) Stock
4. Explain four types of resources based on ownership and give one example of each type. [2014]
Ans. On the basis of ownership, there are four types of resources:
(i) Individual Resources. Resources, which are owned privately by individuals, for example, farmers own pieces of
land or houses. Plantation, pasture lands, water in wells are some resources owned by individuals.
(ii) Community Owned Resources. These resources are accessible to all the members of the community, for example,
village ponds, public parks, playgrounds in urban areas are accessible to all the residents of that area.
(iii) National Resources. All the resources within the political boundary of a nation including the territorial water
(oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles from the coast) extending into the ocean and resources therein belong to the
nation, for example, all minerals, forests, wildlife, water resources,land etc.
(iv) International Resources. There are international institutions which own and regulate some resources, for
example, The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to the open ocean and no
individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.

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5. The future generation may not have sufficient resources as compared to the present generation." Justify the
statement by giving suitable examples. [2012]
Or
Why is the issue of sustainability relevant for development?
Ans. Present sources of energy in India are coal, petroleum, natural gas, solar energy, wind energy, hydel power,
electricity, wood for fire, cow dung etc. Most of these are non-renewable sources of energy which may get exhausted
after some time. These are available in limited quantities. The present rate of consumption is higher than the rate at
which these resources are being replenished and should be preserved for our future generations. In fifty years' time,
India may depend largely on non-conventional sources of energy which are available in abundance such as solar
energy, hydel energy, wind energy etc. The total hydel power potential in India is estimated at 1,50,000 MW of
which only one-sixth has been developed so far.
(i) Development of a country needs to be continuous. Every country would like to have the level of development go
up further.
(ii) Many scientists have warned that the present levels of development cannot be sustained for the future as the
present rate of consumption of both renewable and non-renewable resources is very high. Rapid industrialisation has
led to environment degradation.
(iii) Sustainability development aims at development without damaging the environment and at the same time
conserving for the future.
(iv) Sustainability of development is essential not only for the present generation but also for future generations to
ensure a good life.
6. Explain three stages of 'Resource planning.' [2015]
Or
Describe the different steps of 'Resources planning'. [2020]
Ans. Three stages of resource planning:
(i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and
the qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
(ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for
implementing resource development plans.
(iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.
7. Explain the concept of resource conservation as voiced by Gandhiji. [2012]
Or
Whom did Gandhiji make responsible for the depletion of resources at the global level?
Ans. Gandhiji voiced his concern about resource conservation in these words: "There is enough for everybody's need
and not for anybody's greed." He placed the greedy and selfish individuals as the root cause for resource depletion at
the global level. He was against 'mass production' and wanted to replace it with 'production by the masses'.
(i) Indiscriminate use of resources by human beings has led to the depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of
few individuals.
(ii) Irrational consumption and over-utilization of resources leads to socio-economic and environmental problems.
8. "Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources in a country like India." Justify this
statement with two relevant points and an example. (2013)

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Ans. India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. Through planning, regions which have
shortage of vital resources and those having adequate quantities, receive equal attention.
(i) There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources. Example:
Arunachal has abundance of water but lacks in infrastructural development.
(ii) There are some regions which can be considered self sufficient in terms of availability of resources. Example: The
states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.
(iii) There are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources. Example: The state of Rajasthan is
well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources.
9. How is over irrigation responsible for land degradation in Punjab? [2019]
Ans. In the state of Punjab, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to
increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
10. How is cement industry responsible for land degradation? [2019]
Ans. The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite soapstone for ceramic
industry generates huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the
soil after it settles down on the land leading to land degradation.
11. Which factor is mainly responsible for maximum land degradation in India? [2015]
Ans. Over-grazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. States where over-grazing has resulted in land
degradation are Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
12. Write some measures/ways to solve problems of land degradation.
Ans. (i) Afforestation.
(ii) Proper management of grazing to control over-grazing.
(iii) Planting of shelter belts of plants.
(iv) Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes.
(v) Control of mining activities.
(vi) Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment.
(vii) Proper management of waste-lands
(viii) Avoid over-irrigation, especially in dry areas.
(ix) Avoid overuse of fertilisers and pesticides
13. Read the features of a soil given below and name the related soil.
(i) It consists of properties of sand, silt and clay.

(ii) It is described on the basis of age.

(iii) It is very fertile

Ans. Alluvial soil

14. Which type of soil in India is most widespread and important? [2019]
Ans. Alluvial soil is the most widely spread soil. The entire Northern plans are made of alluvial soil.
15. What is regur soil? Write its two features. Mention any two regions where regur soil is found.
Or, Write six characteristics of regur soils (black soils). [2015]
Ans. Regur soil is soil which is made up of extremely fine, i.e., clayey material. Features:

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(i) Regur soils have the capacity to hold moisture that makes them ideal for growing cotton.
(ii) They are rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
(iii) These soils are generally poor in phosphoric contents.
(iv) They develop deep cracks during dry hot weather, which helps in the proper aeration of soil.
(v) These soils are sticky when wet and difficult to work unless tilled immediately after the first shower.
Regions where regur soil is found:
(i) This soil is typical of the Deccan Trap region.
(ii) It is spread over north west Deccan plateau and is made up of lava flows.
(iii) This soil covers the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and
extends along the Godavari and Krishna Valleys.
16. Give the distribution of black/regur Soil. [2015]
Ans. This soil is typical of the Deccan Trap region.
-It is spread over north west Deccan plateau and is made up of lava flows.
-This soil covers the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh and extends
along the Godavari and Krishna Valleys.
17. In what broad category do the soils of Maharashtra fall? [2014]
Ans. Black soil region also known as regur soils.
18. Read the following features of a soil and name the related soil. [2020]
(a) Develops in high rainfall area

(b) Intense leaching process takes place

(c) Humus content is low

Ans. Laterite soil

19. Which type of soil is most suitable for growing the crop of cashew-nuts? [2019]
Ans. Red laterite soils in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala are most suitable for crops like cashew nuts.
20. Read the features of a soil given below and name the related soil. [2020]
(i) These soils range from red to brown in colour

(ii) Generally sandy in texture and saline.

(iii) Soil lacks humus and moisture.

Ans. Arid soil.

21. Write the main characteristics of arid soils. [2014]
(i) Arid soils range from red to brown in colour.
(ii) They have a sandy texture.
(iii) They are saline in nature. In areas where salt content in high, common salt is obtained by evaporation.
(iv) Arid soil lacks humus and is moisture deficient. because of high calcium content which restrict infiltration
(v) The lower horizons of the soil have kankars of water.

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(vi) Proper irrigation helps make these soils cultivable. For example, Western Rajasthan.
22. Explain two types of soil erosion mostly observed in India. Mention human activities that are responsible for soil
erosion.
Ans. Two types of soil erosion observed in India
Gully erosion and sheet erosion are two types of erosion seen in India.
(i) Gullies cut the clayey soils into deep creeps and the land becomes unfit for cultivation and popularly known
as bad lands.
(ii) Sheet erosion washes away top soils over a large areas and productivity is mostly decreased.Human activities
like deforestation, over-grazing, construction and mining are responsible for soil erosion.

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