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Experiment No.3

The experiment aims to determine the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between object distance (u) and image distance (v) or their reciprocals. The procedure involves measuring distances using an optical bench and recording observations to calculate the focal length using the formula f = uv/(u-v). Precautions and potential sources of error are also noted to ensure accuracy in the measurements.

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4 views

Experiment No.3

The experiment aims to determine the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between object distance (u) and image distance (v) or their reciprocals. The procedure involves measuring distances using an optical bench and recording observations to calculate the focal length using the formula f = uv/(u-v). Precautions and potential sources of error are also noted to ensure accuracy in the measurements.

Uploaded by

anjalikumarirollno983
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT No.

-3

AIM : To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between 𝑢 and 𝑣 or between 1/u and 1/v.

APPARATUS USED: An optical bench with three uprights (central fixed uprights, two Outer uprights with lateral
movement), a convex lens holder, 2 optical needles and a half metre scale.

THEORY : The relation between u, v and f for a convex lens is

1 /𝑓 = 1/ 𝑣 – 1/ u

= (𝑢−𝑣)/ 𝑢𝑣

=> 𝑓 = 𝑢𝑣/( 𝑢−𝑣)

Ray Diagram:

PROCEDURE :

I. To determine rough focal length

1. The convex lens is mounted in the lens holder.


2. Image of the tree or the building is obtained on a white painted wall to get a sharp image with the help of
convex lens.
3. The distance between the lens and the wall is measured which gives the Rough focal length of lens.

II. To determine the value of 𝒗 for different values of 𝒖

1. The holder with lens is clamped in a fixed upright and kept at 50 cm mark.
2. The lens is so adjusted that its surface is vertical and perpendicular to the length of the optical bench .
3. Object needle and image needle is mounted in laterally movable uprights.
4. The object needle distance is kept nearly 1.5 times the obtained rough focal length of the lens.
5. Height of object needle is adjusted so that its tip lies on a horizontal line through the optical centre of the lens.
6. Now adjust the height of image needle so that its tip is seen in the line with the tip of image when seen with
right open eye.
7. The position of image needle is adjusted and tip to tip parallax is removed.
8. The position of the index mark on the base of the image needle upright is noted.
9. Similarly the position of the index mark on the best of object and lens upright is also noted.
10. The observations are recorded.
11. Object needle upright is moved 1 cm towards the lens to get second observation.
12. Similarly by changing the position of object needle total six observations are taken and recorded in observation
table.
Observation Table:

𝑂𝐶 = 1/v 𝑓=
𝑢 𝑣 𝑢𝑣/(𝑢-𝑣)
S.No. Position Position Position OA= 1/u
of of Lens of Image
Object A O (cm) C (cm) (𝑐𝑚) (𝑐𝑚) (𝑐𝑚)
(cm)
1 48 80 135 32 55 0.03125 0.018182 20.22989
2 47 80 133 33 53 0.030303 0.018868 20.33721
3 45 80 130 35 50 0.028571 0.02 20.58824
4 50 80 138 30 58 0.033333 0.017241 19.77273
5 43 80 128 37 48 0.027027 0.020833 20.89412

Mean Focal length = 20.22989 + 20.33721 + 20.58824 + 19.77273 + 20.89412


5
=20.36443 cm

(to be pasted on left white pages JUST AFTER THE TABLE)

PRECAUTIONS :

1. Tips of the object and image needles should lie at the same height as the centre of the lens
2. Parallax should be removed from tip to tip by keeping eye at a distance at least 30 cm away from the needle
3. The object needle should be placed at such a distance that only e real inverted image is formed.

SOURCES OF ERROR :

1. The uprights may not be vertical.


2. Parallax removal may not be perfect

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