BSA 2101 – ART APPRECIATION

COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS, ECONOMY, AND INTERNATIONAL HOSPITALITY

MANAGEMENT
1ST SEMESTER A.Y. 2024-2025

UNIT 1 HUMANITIES AND THE ARTS WHAT IS ART?

“Man is the measure of all things.” - Protagoras  Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating
visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks),
WHAT IS HUMANITIES? expressing the author's imaginative, conceptual
ideas, or technical skill, intended to be appreciated
 Humanities are academic disciplines that study
for their beauty or emotional power.
aspects of human society and culture.
 The humanities include the study of ancient and Three Classical Branches of Art:
modern languages, literature, philosophy, history,
archeology, anthropology, human geography, law, 1. Painting
politics, religion and art 2. Sculpture
 The study of humanities may also be attributed to 3. Architecture
the symmetry and balance discussed by the art piece
known as the Vitruvian Man of Leonardo da Vinci  Music, theater, film, dance and other performing
(Vitruvian Man) arts as well as literature and other media such as
interactive media, are included in a broader
WHY STUDY HUMANITIES? definition of the arts.
 Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or
 humanities came from the Latin “humanus” which
mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or
means human, cultured and refined, man is taught
sciences
to be as what the term exactly means: being
 art is disputed and has changed over time
cultured and refined
 Humans have the characteristics of rationality, NATURE OF THE ARTS
benevolence and care, he is cultured and refined
 Humanities contains the records of man’s quest for 1. Art or arts is of Aryan root “ar” which means to join
answers to the fundamental questions he asks or put together and has its Latin term being “sars” or
himself and about the world we live in “artis” which means everything that is artificially
 Humanities studies man and the manner made or composed by man (wikipedia)
 Humanities is composed of academic disciplines 2. Art constitutes one of the oldest and most important
 The study of Humanities is devoted to understanding means of expression developed by man.
the different phenomena within the human cultural 3. It refers to the skillful arrangement or composition
contexts of some common but significant qualities of nature
 Humanities studies how people process and such as sounds, colors, lines, movements, words,
document the human experience using philosophy, stone and wood to express feelings, thoughts,
religion, literature, art and history imaginations and dreams in an amazing, meaningful
 Humanities studies how individuals’ manner of and enjoyable way. (Adams, 2002)
expression varies as they record human experiences 4. Art is subjective as it employs the use of perception,
and how the way of documenting these forms a insights, feelings and intuition
connection between and among humans of the past, 5. It is the heightened expression of human dignity and
present and future. weaknesses felt and shared so powerfully in a world
increasingly aware of its successes and failures
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF HUMANITIES 6. It is man’s expression of himself as an individual and
how he views his existence, and
1. Human nature is inherently good.
7. Art also provides enjoyment and stimulation
2. Individuals are free and are capable of making
specially when people understand them
choices.
3. Human potential for growth and development is FUNCTIONS OF ART
virtually unlimited.
4. Self-concept plays an important role in growth and Arts is a much needed avenue for people to:
development.
1. Express freely oneself;
5. Individuals have an urge for self-actualization.
2. Socially express his need for display, celebration and
6. Reality is defined by each person.
communication; and
7. Individuals have a responsibility to both themselves
3. Physically express the need for utility of functional
and to others.
objects.
 BSA 2101 – ART APPRECIATION
COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS, ECONOMY, AND INTERNATIONAL HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT
1ST SEMESTER A.Y. 2024-2025

THE FORMS OF ART DIFFERENTIATED  He loved and hated the arts at the same time which
makes his philosophical views on art unexplainably
The matrix below shows the difference of the art forms as complicated
identified:  Plato was seen as a good literary stylist and great
storyteller and considered the arts as threatening
 He believed that “though arts can be used to train
citizens to have an ideal society, using arts to
accomplish this should be strictly controlled”
 the physical world is a copy of a perfect, rational,
FUNCTIONAL ART
eternal and changeless original which he called
 generally applied art FORMS
 art created for use, not necessarily everyday use, but  Plato’s Ideas of the Arts may be summed up by the
designed to serve a purpose and with an aesthetic in truths according to him that: Art is imitation and Art
mind is dangerous.
 art that serves a function, but is designed artistically 2. Aristotle (384-322 BC)
for the purpose of beauty.  student of Plato who first distinguished between
“what is good and what is beautiful''
NON-FUNCTIONAL ART  For him, the universal elements of beauty are
manifested by order, symmetry and definiteness
 art that serves no utilitarian purpose
 physical manifestation of beauty is affected by SIZE
 encompasses paintings, sculptures and all manner of
 He considered art as imitation or a representation of
fine art
nature and his emphasis of the art is on POETRY
which for him is more philosophical than Philosophy
PHILOSOPHY AND ARTS RELATED
itself
Philosophy  Poets imitated the following according to Aristotle:
1. Things and events which have been or still are; 2.
 Philosophy is a field of discipline which has Things which are said to be seen and are probable
attempted to explain almost all aspects of human and
existence 3.Things which essentially are.
 Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental
questions about existence, knowledge, values, 3. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
reason, mind, and language  German
 wrote a treatise on Aesthetics: Observations on the
Art or Aesthetic
Feelings of the Beautiful and the Sublime
 Art or Aesthetics, on the other hand, is the study of  His main interest was not on art but on BEAUTY that
beauty and taste, concerned with the nature of art it is a matter of TASTE
and used as a basis for interpreting and evaluating  Kant explained that TASTE can be both SUBJECTIVE
individual works of art and UNIVERSAL
 branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of  KANT, beauty is a question of form and color is NOT
beauty and taste, as well as the philosophy of art IMPORTANT
 examines subjective and sensory-emotional values,  The Kinds of Aesthetic Responses according to Kant
or sometimes called judgments of sentiment and are: Beauty results in pleasure if there is order,
taste harmony and symmetry; and Beauty leads to a
response of awe that overwhelms the viewers of the
Philosophy of art art.

 study of the nature of art, including concepts such as ARTISTS VS ARTISANS

interpretation, representation and expression, and
form Artist
 closely related to aesthetics, the philosophical study
 person engaged in an activity related to creating art,
of beauty and taste
practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art
 often used in the entertainment business, especially
THE ARTISTIC PHILOSOPHERS
in a business context, for musicians and other
1. Plato (428-347 BC) performers (less often for actors)
 philosopher of Ancient Greece  "Artiste" (the French for artist) is a variant used in
 known for his Dialogues together with Socrates English only in this context
 BSA 2101 – ART APPRECIATION
COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS, ECONOMY, AND INTERNATIONAL HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT
1ST SEMESTER A.Y. 2024-2025

Artisan  describes both the act and the result

 Painting as a medium has survived for thousands of
 from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano years and is, along with drawing and sculpture, one
 skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by of the oldest creative media
hand that may be functional or strictly decorative  Painting media are extremely versatile because they
 practice a craft and may through experience and can be applied to many different surfaces
aptitude reach the expressive levels of an artist 4. Dance
 adjective "artisanal" is sometimes used in describing  movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to
hand processing in what is usually viewed as an music and within a given space, for the purpose of
industrial process expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or
 "artisanal" is sometimes used in marketing and simply taking delight in the movement itself
advertising as a buzz word to describe or imply some  powerful impulse, but the art of dance is that
relation with the crafting of handmade food impulse channeled by skillful performers into
products, such as bread, beverages or cheese something that becomes intensely expressive and
 dominant producers of consumer products before that may delight spectators
the Industrial Revolution  These two concepts of the art of dance—dance as a
 artisans were drawn to agoras and often built powerful impulse and dance as a skillfully
workshops nearby. Below are a few images of choreographed art practiced largely by a
artisans doing their crafts professional few
5. Music
 art form, and cultural activity, whose medium is
sound
 General definitions of music include common
elements such as pitch (which governs melody and
harmony), rhythm (and and articulation), dynamics
(loudness concepts tempo, meter, and softness), and
the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are
sometimes termed the "color" of a musical sound)
6. Theater
 collaborative form of performing art that uses live
performers, typically actors or actresses, to present
the experience of a real or imagined event before a
THE ART FORMS
live audience in a specific place, often a stage
 arts refers to the theory, human application and 7. Literature
physical expression of creativity found in human  anybody or collection of written work
cultures and societies through skills and imagination  refers to writing considered to be an art form or any
in order to produce objects, environments and single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual
experiences value
 classified according to whether it is fiction or
1. Architecture nonfiction
 reflects how we present ourselves across the earth’s
landscape, and, like other expressive mediums, it APPRECIATING THE ARTS
changes with styles, technologies and cultural
1. Give a good physical description of the artwork
adaptations
based on their knowledge of art elements and
 not only provides worldly needs of shelter,
materials;
workspace and storage but also represents human
2. Analyze the artwork in terms of what the artist
ideals in buildings
wants his work to represent and the learner’s
 considered as the most functional of all the art forms
subjective reaction to the works which includes their
2. Sculpture
thoughts and feelings;
 artistic form in which hard or plastic materials are
3. Perceive the art work in the context of its history.
worked into three-dimensional art objects
This would enlighten the learners of the artist’s
 designs may be embodied in freestanding objects, in
intention in doing the work and add to the
reliefs on surfaces, or in environments ranging from
understanding of the meaning the work is supposed
tableaux to contexts that envelop the spectator
to convey;
3. Painting
4. Give meaning to the artwork based on its
 application of pigments to a support surface that
description, analysis and context; and
establishes an image, design or decoration
 BSA 2101 – ART APPRECIATION
COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS, ECONOMY, AND INTERNATIONAL HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT
1ST SEMESTER A.Y. 2024-2025

5. Judge the artwork as to whether it is good or bad  Refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and
based on the learner’s perception of it and its also to life in general
aesthetic and cultural value.  It is considered the most commonly used source of
art
UNIT 2 SUBJECT AND CONTENT
People
THE SUBJECT OF AN ARTWORK
 Considered the most interesting subject of an
Subject artwork which may be real or imagined

 The subject is the main focus object in the work of History

art, whereas the content is the overall meaning of
the piece.  It is the depiction of factual events that occurred in
 To determine subject matter in a particular piece of the past whose purpose is either to remember
art, ask yourself : important events of long ago or to teach the learners
about the lessons of the past
What is her/his message?
Legends
What is the artist trying to express to the
world?  Based on legends present to viewers of the art
something tangible even when unverified.
Content  Art brings life to these stories.

 the message given by the piece of art Religion

 It involves the subject, the techniques used to make
the piece, the colors used, and anything that was  Communicates religious beliefs, customs, and values
used by the artist to make a statement and give a through iconography and depictions of the human
message. body

Mythology

 These are sources of subjects that come from the

stories of gods and goddesses of Ancient Greece,
Rome, Norse and Egyptians.

Dreams and Fantasy

 The wonder of the unconscious is what is being

expressed by art works under this subject source.

Technology
TWO KINDS OF SUBJECT
 The modernity of the present is also an inspiration
Representational Art or Objective Art being used by artists as a source of subject.

 aims to represent actual objects or subjects from WAYS OF PRESENTING THE SUBJECT
reality
Naturalism
Non-Representational Art or Non-Objective Art
 refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural
 highly subjective and can be difficult to define, setting. A true-to-life style which attempted
abstract; does not represent real objects  to depict things realistically, but focused on
determinism, or the inability of people to resist their
THE SOURCES OF SUBJECT circumstances.

Artist’s Inspiration: Realism

 depicts characters and settings as they would

actually have existed.
 generally, the attempt to represent subject matter
Nature truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding
speculative fiction and supernatural elements.
 BSA 2101 – ART APPRECIATION
COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS, ECONOMY, AND INTERNATIONAL HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT
1ST SEMESTER A.Y. 2024-2025

Abstraction  features art works describing pathos, morbidity,

chaos or even defeat and was introduced in
 finds its roots in ‘intuition’ (of the artist) and Germany from 1900-1910.
‘freedom’ (for the artist as well as for the viewer)  Expressionists believe that man needs spiritual
 It is the capability of the artist to use their rebirth for him to correct defects that ruin the
imagination to look beyond what we can physically society.
see and translate intangible emotions onto the
canvas.
 Forms of Abstraction:
1. Distortion - alteration of the original shape
(or other characteristics) of something.
2. Elongation - when the art subject is
lengthened, protracted or extended.
3. Mangling - Artists show the subject as cut,
lacerated, mutilated or hacked with
repeated blows.
4. Cubism - This is the presentation of abstract
figures through the use of a cone, cylinder,
sphere, triangle, square, cube, and circle in
place of real pictorial elements.

Symbolism

 This is the use of a visible sign of an idea to convey to

the viewers, readers or audiences the message of his
work.

Fauvism

 the name applied to the work produced by a group

of artists (which included Henri Matisse and André
Derain)
 characterized by strong colors and fierce brushwork.

Dadaism

 A protest movement in the art that is playful and

experimental.
 “Dada” means a “hobby horse”.
 Dadaism is most often nonsensical.

Futurism

 developed in Italy about the same time as cubism

appeared in France.
 Futurist painters wanted their works to capture the
mechanical energy of modern life.

Surrealism

 focus on illustrating the mind’s deepest thoughts

automatically when they surface. This thought
process for creating art known as “automatism.”
 This method mirrors the evils of the present society.
Surrealism means super realism, influenced by
Freudian psychology.

Expressionism