PETIT SEMINAIRE HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL – PUDUCHERRY

UNIT – 2 OPTICS
STD: X SELF – EVALUATION
I. Choose the best answer:
1. The refractive index of four substances A, B, C and D are 1.31, 1.43, 1.33
2.4 respectively. The speed of light is maximum in - (A) A
2. Where should an object be placed so that a real and inverted image of
same size is obtained by a convex lens - (B) 2f
3. A small bulb is placed at the principal focus of a convex lens. When the
bulb is switched on, the lens will produce - (C)a parallel beam of light
4. Magnification of a convex lens is - (C) either positive or negative
5. A convex lens forms a real, diminished point size image at focus. Then
the position of the object is at - (B)infinity
6. Power of a lens is – 4D, then its focal length is - (C) -0.25 m
7. In a myopic eye, the image of the object is formed - (C) in front of the
retina
8. The eye defect ‘presbyopia’ can be corrected by - (D) bifocal lenses
9. Which of the following lens would you prefer to use while reading small
letters found in a dictionary? - (A) a convex lens of focal length 5 cm
10.If VB, VG, VR be the velocity of blue, green and red light respectively in a
glass prism, then which of the following statement gives the correct
relation? - (C) VB < VG < VR
II. Fill in the blanks:
1. The path of the light is called as Ray of the light
2. The refractive index of a transparent medium is always greater than
One
3. If the energy of incident beam and the scattered beam are same, then
the scattering of light is called as Elastic scattering.
4. According to Rayleigh’s scattering law, the amount of scattering of light
is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its Wavelength
5. Amount of light entering into the eye is controlled by Iris
III. True or False (If false give the correct statement):
1. Velocity of light is greater in denser medium than in rarer medium.-
False
 Correct statement: Velocity of light is greater in rarer medium than in
denser medium.
2. The power of lens depends on the focal length of the lens - True
3. Increase in the converging power of eye lens cause ‘hypermetropia’ –
True
4. The convex lens always gives small virtual image - False
Correct statement: Only concave lens always gives small virtual image.
IV. Match the following:
S.No Column 1 Column 2
1 Retina Screen of the eye
2 Pupil Path way of light
3 Ciliary muscles Power of accommodation
4 Myopia Far point comes closer
5 Hypermetropia Near point moves away

V. Assertion & Reasoning:

1. Assertion: If the refractive index of the medium is high (denser medium)
the velocity of light in that medium will be small
Reason: Refractive index of the medium is inversely proportional to the
velocity of the light.
(a)If both the assertion and reason are true and the reason is the
correct explanation of assertion
2. Assertion: Myopia is due to the increase in the converging power of eye
lens.
Reason: Myopia can be corrected with the help of concave lens.
(a)If both the assertion and reason are true and the reason is the
correct explanation of assertion.
VI. Answer briefly:
1. What is refractive index?
The ratio of sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle
of refraction. It can also be defined as the ratio of the speed of light in
air to the speed of light in medium. It has no unit.
2. State Snell’s law?
The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence and sine of the
 angle of refraction is equal to the ratio of refractive indices of the two
media. This law is also known as Snell’s law.
Sin i μ2
=
Sin r μ1
3. Draw a ray diagram to show the image formed by a convex lens when
the object is placed between F and 2F.

4. Define dispersion of light?

When a beam of white light or composite lights refracted through
any transparent media such as glass or water, it is spilt into its
component colours. This phenomenon is called as dispersion of light.
5. State Rayleigh’s law of scattering?
It states that “the amount of scattering of light is inversely
proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength”
1
Sα
λ4
6. Differentiate convex lens and concave lens?

7. What is power of accommodation of eye?

The ability of the eye lens to focus nearby as well as the distant
 objects on the retina of the eye is called power of accommodation of
the eye.

8. What are the causes of ‘Myopia’?

Myopia is caused due to,
(i) Lengthening of eye ball.
(ii) The focal length of the eye lens is reduced. i.e., excessive
curvature of the eye lens. The eye lens becomes more convergent.
9. Why does the sky appear in blue colour?
When sunlight passes through the atmosphere, the blue colour
(shorter wavelength) is scattered to a greater extent than the red colour
(longer wavelength). This scattering causes the sky to appear in blue
colour.
10.Why are traffic signals red in colour?
Red colour has longest wavelength and scattered by a least
amount and travels longer distance in atmosphere. So it is used in
traffic signals.
VII. Give the answer in detail:
1. List any five properties of light?
 Light is a form of energy
 Light always travels along a straight line
 Light does not need any medium for its propagation. It can even
travel through vacuum.
 The speed of the light in vacuum or air is, c = 3 x 108 ms-1.
 Different coloured light has different wavelength and frequency.
 Among the visible light, violet light has the lowest wavelength and
red light has the highest wavelength.
 When the light is incident on the interface between two media, it
is partly reflected and partly refracted.
 Since, light is in the form of waves, it is characterized by a
wavelength (λ) and a frequency (ν), which are related by the
following equation: c = ν λ (c – velocity of light).
2. Explain the rules for obtaining images formed by a convex lens with the
 help of ray diagram?
Rule 1: When a ray of light strikes the convex lens obliquely at its
optical centre, it continues to follow its path without any deviation.

Rule 2: When a ray parallel to the principal axis strikes a convex lens,
the refracted rays are converged to (convex lens) the principal focus.

Rule 3: When a ray passing through (convex lens) the principal focus
strikes a convex lens, the refracted ray will be parallel to the principal
axis.

3. Differentiate the eye defects: Myopia and Hypermetropia?

S.No Myopia Hypermetropia
1 It is also known as short It is also known as long
sightedness occurs due to sightedness, occurs due to the
the lengthening of eye ball shortening of eye ball
2 With this defect, nearby With this defect, distant objects
objects can be seen clearly can be seen clearly, but nearby
but distant objects cannot be objects cannot be seen clearly.
seen clearly.
3 The focal length of eye lens is The focal length of eye lens is
reduced or the distance increased or the distance
between eye lens and retina between eye lens and retina
increases. decreases.
 4 The far point will not be The near point will not be at 25
infinity for such eyes and the cm for such eyes and the near
far point has come closer. point has moved farther.
5 Due to this, the images of Due to this, the image of nearby
distant objects are formed objects are formed behind the
before the retina. retina
6 This defect can be corrected This defect can be corrected by
by using a concave lens using a convex lens.
7 A suitable focal length of the A suitable focal length of the
concave lens to be used to convex lens to be used to
correct this defect. correct this defect.

4. Explain the construction and working of a Compound Microscope?

It is used to see the tiny objects. It has higher magnification power than
simple microscope.
Construction:
 A compound microscope consists of two convex lenses.
 The lens with the shorter focal length is placed near the object
and is called as objective lens or objective piece.
 The lens with the larger focal length and larger aperture placed
near the observer’s eye is called eye lens or eye piece. Both the
lenses are fixed in a narrow tube with adjustable provision.

Working:
 The object (AB) is placed at a distance slightly greater than the
focal length of objective lens (u > fo). A real, inverted and
magnified image (A’B’) is formed at the other side of the object
lens.
 This image behaves as the object for the eye lens. The position of
 the eye lens is adjusted in such a way, that the image (A’B’) falls
within the principal focus of the eye piece. This eye piece forms a
virtual, enlarged and erect image (A’’B’’) on the same side of the
object.
 Compound microscope has 50 to 200 times more magnification
power than the simple microscope.
VIII. Numerical problems:
1. An Object is placed at a distance 20 cm from a convex lens of focal
length 10 cm. Find the image distance and nature of the image.
Given: Convex lens, f = 10 cm; u = - 20 cm; v = ?
1 1 1
Lens Formula: = -
f v u

1 1 1 1 1 2-1 1
= + = + = =
v f u 10 -20 20 20
V = 20 cm.
Nature of the image: Real and inverted image.

2. An object of height 3 cm is placed at 10 cm from a concave lens of

focal length 15 cm. Find the size of the image?
Given: Concave lens, f = - 15 cm; u = - 10 cm; v = ?
h = 3 cm (Height of the object); h1 = ? (Height of the image).
1 1 1
Lens Formula: = -
f v u
1 1 1 1 1 -25 -1
= + = + = =
v f u -15 -10 150 6
V = - 6 cm.
h1 v
Magnification: m = =
h u
h1 -6
=
3 -10
h1 = 0.6 x 3 = 1.8 cm
Height (size) of the image h1 = 1.8 cm.
IX. HOT Questions:
1. While doing an experiment for the determination of focal length of a
 convex lens, Raja suddenly dropped the lens. It got broken into two
halves along the axis. If he continues his experiment with the same lens,
(a) can he get the image? (b) Is there any change in the focal length?
(a) Yes, he can get the image
(b) Yes, The focal length becomes double. (The focal length of the plano
– convex is double the focal length of the convex lens).
2. The eyes of the nocturnal birds like owl are having a large cornea and a
large pupil. How does it help them?
These features increase the field of vision and an increase retinal
surface and help them to collect more ambient light during night.