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CHEMISTRY Unit-1 Chap-3

The document provides an overview of atomic structure, defining atoms as the smallest recognizable units of elements made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explains key concepts such as molecules, atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and relative atomic mass, highlighting the differences between isotopes of the same element. Examples, including hydrogen and carbon isotopes, are used to illustrate these concepts.

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1 views

CHEMISTRY Unit-1 Chap-3

The document provides an overview of atomic structure, defining atoms as the smallest recognizable units of elements made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explains key concepts such as molecules, atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and relative atomic mass, highlighting the differences between isotopes of the same element. Examples, including hydrogen and carbon isotopes, are used to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Anis Haque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit-1, Chap-3 (Atomic

Structure)

Atom: It is the smallest piece of an element that can still be recognised


as that element. Atoms can be joined together to make molecules.
Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Example: Hydrogen Atom (H2)

Molecule: Atoms can be joined together to make molecules. A


molecule consists of two or more atoms chemically bonded (by
covalent bonds). The atoms that make up a molecule can be from the
same elements or different elements. Example: Water Molecule (H20).

Sub-Atomic: Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons.


These particles are sometimes called sub-atomic particles because they
are smaller than an atom.
Nucleus: The nucleus is the central part of an atom, containing
protons and neutrons.

Protons: A sub-atomic particle in the nucleus of an atom. It has a

relative mass of 1 and a relative charge of 1+

Neutron: A sub-atomic particle in the nucleus of an atom. It has a


relative mass of 1 and no charge.

Electron: A sub-atomic particle found in shells outside the nucleus of


an atom. It has a relative mass of 1/1836 and a relative charge of 1-

Atomic Number: The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus is


called its atomic number or proton number.

Atomic Number = No. of Protons = No. of Electrons

Each of the 118 different elements has a different number of protons.

Mass Number: The mass number (sometimes known as the nucleon


number) counts the total number of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus of the atom.

Mass Number = No. of Protons + No. of Neutrons


Isotopes: Isotopes are atoms (of the same element) which have the
same atomic number but different mass numbers. They have the same
number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes have
the same chemical properties.

For example, carbon has three


isotopes: carbon-12, carbon-
13, and carbon-14. All carbon
atoms have 6 protons, but the
number of neutrons varies.

Relative Atomic Mass: It is the average mass of an atom, taking into


account the amount of each isotope present in a naturally occurring
sample of an element.

The number 35.5 for chlorine is the relative atomic mass, not the mass
number. Chlorine has two isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl with natural samples
containing a mix of these. The relative atomic mass is an average of
these isotopes' masses.

Q) A naturally occurring sample of the element boron contains 20%


10
B and 80% 11B. Calculate the relative atomic mass.
20× 10+80 ×11
 Relative Atomic Mass = 100 = 10.8

1
H: Hydrogen (also known as protium) – has 1 proton and 0 neutrons.
2
H: Deuterium – has 1 proton and 1 neutron.
3
H: Tritium – has 1 proton and 2 neutrons.

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