Class 5th Subject : Science Topic : Reproduction in Plants

Life cycle of a Plant

Parts of a Plant
Parts of a plant
Shoot Root
Portion grows above the ground Portion grows below the ground.
It has stem, branches, leaves,
buds, flowers and fruits.

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Class 5th Subject : Science Topic : Reproduction in Plants

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 Class 5th Subject : Science Topic : Reproduction in Plants

Structure of a seed
 Seed has an outer
covering called as seed
coat.
 Seed Coat has a tiny
hole through which
seeds get water.
 Below the hole there
is a scar, where the
seed was attached to fruit.
 On removing seedcoat we will see two parts of seed called
Cotyledons.
 Between cotyledons lies the embryo.
 Embryo has baby shoot & baby root.
 Cotyledons is also known as seed leaves, where the plant food is
stored.
 Moncots are seeds having one cotyledon ex:- maize, wheat, grass,
paddy (sice),
 Dicots are seeds having two Cotyledons ex - bean, pea, mango,
apple.
Germination of a Seed
 The process by which a seed develops into seedling is called
germination.
 A seed needs proper amount of air, water & warmth for
germination because a) Oxygen in air needed for obtaining energy
from food, which is reserves in cotyledons. b) Water softens seed
coat that helps baby plant to come out easily. c) Warmth makes
embryo active for the growth.
 Process of Germination

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 Class 5th Subject : Science Topic : Reproduction in Plants

1st step :- Baby

root comes out of
seed followed by
baby shoot. Root
grow downward
shoot grows
upward
 2nd step :- Tiny
cotyledons leaves
open on the shoot
& carry out
photosynthesis.
This baby plant is
seedling.
 3rd step :- As seedling grows, it develops true leaves
 4th step :- Cotyledons shrink & disappear and seedling grows into
a young plant.
Seed Dispersal:-
The process by which seeds are scattered away from the parent plant
is called dispersal .

What is the need of dispersal?

If all the seeds fall near the mother plant and close to each other they
will compete for water, minerals, sunlight and as a result, many seeds
will germinate. As plants cannot move on their own some agents scatter
seeds. These agents are wind, water, animals and explosion of fruits.

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 Class 5th Subject : Science Topic : Reproduction in Plants

A. Wind:
a) Seeds are light in weight.
b) Have modified parts like hair and wings.
c) Cotton seed has fluffy hair, Madar seed has tuft of hair ,
Dandelion seed has hair , Hiptage fruit has wings , Maple seeds
has wings.
B. Water:
a) Seeds and fruits of plants which grow in or near water, ex-
Coconut, Lotus.
C. Explosion:
a) Fruit of geranium, balsam,poppy and pea burst on drying.
b) Due to which seeds jump out and get dispersed.
D. Animals: a) Many animals eat fruits & throw away seeds.
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 Class 5th Subject : Science Topic : Reproduction in Plants

b) Some seeds eaten are passed out undigested and may

germinate.
c) Some seeds like xanthium, cocklebur ,urena have bristles and
tigernail have hooks which may get stuck to fur of animals.

Reproduction through body parts :-

Some plants reproduce from body parts like roots, stem, & leaves.
From Stem:-
a) Sugarcane, banana, grapes, rose, hibiscus, tea, drumstick, mint,
bougainvillea can grow from a method called stem Cutting

b) Potato, turmeric, ginger also grow from underground stems.

c) Potato, ginger
have small
buds which is
also known as
‘eyes’. Any
part of potato
having bud
can grow into
new plant.

d) Onion & garlic are bulb-shaped stem having scaly and fleshy
leaves. The bud is centre of
bulb and new plant grows
from bud.

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 Class 5th Subject : Science Topic : Reproduction in Plants

e) Some plants like

strawberry, carpet
grass and water
lettuce grow long
stem that runs
along ground. This
creeping stem is
called Runner.
Roots grow from
buds of runner.

From Roots:-
a) Roots of plants like sweet potato and dahlia store food and are
swollen.
b) These parts are called tubers.
c) New plants grow from buds on tubers

From leaves:-

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 Class 5th Subject : Science Topic : Reproduction in Plants

a. A mature leaf of Bryophyllum and

begonia plant produces baby plant
(plantlets) that grow into new plant.

Reproduction in Non-flowering plants.

Non- flowering plants reproduce by two ways
Reproduction from naked Reproduction from Spores
Seeds
a. The seeds are open and not a. Ferns and mosses reproduce by
covered inside fruits spores.
b. Cedars, firs and pines b. Spores are produce on lower
produce through such seeds. surface of leaves.
c. Seeds develops in cones. c. This tiny round spores when fall
to ground , give rise to new plant.

CROPS
Plants that are grown on a large scale to feed the entire population of a
country. This practice of growing plants on large scale is called
agriculture. The plants of one kind that are grown in large quantities
in a particular area or region during a particular period are called
crops. Different types of crops are:
a. Food grain crops (wheat, rice, maize, etc.)
b. Vegetable and fruit crops (sugarcane, apple, orange, onion, etc.
c. Oil producing crops ( mustard, sunflower, etc)
d. Fibre crops ( jute, cotton,etc.)
e. Plantation crops ( tea, coffee, etc.)

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 Class 5th Subject : Science Topic : Reproduction in Plants

The two main cropping seasons in an agriculture year

Rabi crops Kharif crops
1 They are non-monsoon crops. They are monsoon or rainy
season crops.
2 Grow in winter season ( October to Grow in monsoon season
March are known as Rabi crops. ( July to October) are known
as Kharif crops.
3. Rabi in Arabic means ‘spring’. Kharif in Arabic means
‘autumn’
4 Crops are usually harvested in Crops are usually harvested in
spring( March- April) autumn (September – October)
5 Ex: wheat, barley, gram ,mustard, Ex: rice, bajra, jowar, maize,
linseed, pea, bean, cabbage, groundnut, soyabean, green
cauliflower, radish, apple, orange. gram, cotton, black gram

Note : Crops grown between March and June are known as Summer
crops. Ex: brinjal, lady’s finger, gourd, bittergourd, watermelon, and
mango are summer crops.
Stages in Agriculture.
1. Ploughing:- The practice of loosening the soil using a plough
before seeds are sown is called ploughing. Ploughing of the field
increase the amount of air inside the soil.
2. Adding manure and fertilizers. This makes the soil rich in
minerals essential for the growth of the plant for ex:- Urea and
super- phosphate
3. Sowing - Healthy seeds are sown. Sufficient spaces are left
between seeds to prevent overcrowding of plants.
4. Irrigation:- Crops are given the right amount of water and at the
right time.

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 Class 5th Subject : Science Topic : Reproduction in Plants

5. Protection of crops :-Insecticides and pesticides are sprayed to

protect crops from insects like locusts, caterpillars,
grasshoppers, etc and pests like rats, moles, etc. Crops are also

protected from animals and birds by placing scarecrows in the

fields.
6. Harvesting :- The process of cutting and gathering of ripe crops
is called harvesting. Harvesting is done by hand using sickle or
with help of machine called harvester.
7. Threshing :- After crops are collected grains are separated from
the stalks by beating the stems. This is also done by machine
called thresher.
8. Winnowing:- Separation of grains from chaff by letting grains fall
against the breeze.
9. Storing:- Food grains are stored carefully in dry and air locked
sheds or Silos as moisture allows growth of fungi & bacteria
10. Transporting :- Products of crops are transported to retailers.

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