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Important Terms[1]

The document discusses the variation of conductance with temperature in electrolytes, explaining key concepts such as conductance, resistance, and Faraday's laws of electrolysis. It outlines an experimental procedure to measure conductance using different electrolytes and electrodes while maintaining constant physical constants. The results indicate that conductance increases with temperature due to decreased viscosity and increased ion movement.

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15 views

Important Terms[1]

The document discusses the variation of conductance with temperature in electrolytes, explaining key concepts such as conductance, resistance, and Faraday's laws of electrolysis. It outlines an experimental procedure to measure conductance using different electrolytes and electrodes while maintaining constant physical constants. The results indicate that conductance increases with temperature due to decreased viscosity and increased ion movement.

Uploaded by

shanikka207
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTENT

Important 02

Faraday's Laws 02-03

Procedure 04
Physical Constants 06

Observation 07
Precautions 08

Result 08

Conclusion 08
Bibliography 09

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Variation of Conductance With
Temperature in Electrolytes

Important
Conductance: The property of ease of flow of electric current through
a body is called conductance.
Resistance: The obstacle offered to the flow of electric current is
called resistance.
Electrolysis: The operation in which electricity causes a chemical
reaction is called electrolysis.
Ohm's Law: This law states that the current flowing
through a resistance is directlyproportional to the potential difference ap
plied across it' ends, at constant temperature and pressure.
V=IxR

Faraday's Laws:
First Law:
The mass of a substance produced or consumed in electrolysis is directly
proportional to the quantity of charge passing through it. M (X Q OR,
M = Z X I X T Where, Z is electrochemical equivalent; I is current; T is
time in seconds; Q is charge.

Second Law:
The mass of substance produced in electrolysis directly proportional to
its equivalent mass. W1 / E1 =
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W2 / E2 = W3 / E3…

Third Law:
The mass of a substance produced in electrolysis is directly proportional
to the number of electrons per mole needed to cause desired change in
oxidation state. Conductivity when voltage is applied to the electrodes
immersed into an electrolyte solution, ions of electrolyte move, and thus,
electric current flows through the electrolytic solution. The electrolytic
solution and the metal conductors exhibit resistance to the passage of the
current; both of which obey ohm’s law.

The reciprocal of resistance is called electrical conductance. The unit


of electrical conductance is Siemens (S) or ohm-1 or mho. If a solution
is placed between two parallel electrodes having cross sectional area A
and distance L apart then the resistance is given by R=1/CP(Called
‘rho’) is known as resistivity .Its reciprocal gives the conductivity of the
solution, which is denoted by K (Called ‘kappa’) .Its unit is Siemens
/Meter.
K = 1/R * L/A L/A is A

Factors affecting electrical conductivity

Fixed quantity for a cell and is called the ‘cell constant’.


The factors which affect the electrical conductivity of the solution are:

 Inter–ionic attraction: it depends on solute-solute interactions.

 Solvation of ions; it depends on solute-solvent interactions.

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 Viscosity of the solvent: it depends on solvent-solvent interactions.

Experiment:-
To find the variation of conductance with temperature in
electrolytes.

Apparatus:-
Glass beaker, CuSo4 solution, Cu electrodes, ZnSO4 solution, Zn
electrodes, rheostat, battery elimination, Water, burner,
Thermometer, Flask, Ammeter, Voltmeter.

Procedure:

 The electrolyte chosen is ZnSO4 and the electrodes are of Zn.

 Readings for the measurement of conductance are


taken at intervals of 3oc.

 Proper precautions are taken to avoid evaporation and to keep


other factors constant.

 The vessel and electrodes are removed and the vessel is cleaned
and filled with ZnSO4solution.

 The electrodes are refitted in their original place so that the


distance between them does not change.

 Current is passed and when the voltmeter and ammeter show


steady readings, they are noted.
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 The current is switched off.

 It is seen that while the ammeter reading returns at once to


0 position. The voltmeter needle pauses for a while at a particular
reading which is noted down.

 This reading indicates the back EMF in the electrolyte.

o Similarly, more sets of reading are taken, and resistance is


calculated.

 Thus, the value of conductance is calculated.

 The switched on circuit readings in voltmeter and ammeter are


taken.

 The current through the electrolyte is changed by adjusting the


rheostat and more sets of readings are taken.

 Thus, the mean value of resistance is calculated.

 Above steps are repeated for CuSO4

 As electrolyte with electrodes made of Cu.

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Physical Constants:

For the purpose of accuracy and convenience, some important aspects of


the electrolyte process are kept constant in the experiment as their
variation might affect the conductivity of the electrolyte. They are:

 Voltage

 Nature of electrodes

 Size of electrodes

 Separation between the electrodes

 Concentration of the electrolytes

 Nature of the electrolytes

 Resistance in the circuit

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Observation1:
For ZnSO4 electrolyte with Zn electrodes

Observation 2
For CuSO4 electrolyte

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Precautions:

Variation of resistance due to one of the factors should be kept constant.


The electrodes used in each case should always be kept parallel to each
other.
The solution should be kept undisturbed throughout the experiment.
For each observation, three readings are taken and the mean value is
considered.

Result:
The relevant graph shows that the1 / Resistance
of an electrolyte increases at a steady rate as the temperature increases.

Conclusion:

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On heating a solution, it is known that viscosity gradually decreases, with
decrease in viscosity, the speed and movement of the ions increases.
In other words, conductance of the electrolyte increases with increases in
temperature. Hence, the result of the experiment agrees with reasoning

Bibliography:
 https://www.scribd.com/document/252382623/Variation-of-
Conductance-With-Temperature-in-Electrolytes
 https://www.scribd.com/document/658656084/CBSE-XII-Chemistry-
Project-Variation-of-Conductance-with-Temperature-in-Electrolytes

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