THIS IS FOLLOWED

QUESTION: The chart below shows the process of waste paper

recycling

MY SAMPLE

The chart indicates/ describes how used paper is recycled- noun clause//
The chart indicates/ describes the process in which used paper is recycled-
adj clause.It is clearly seen that the waste paper recycling process involves
six distinct/different/various stages, beginning with collecting waste paper
and ending with making usable paper./ beginning with the collection of
waste paper and ending with the production of usable paper.
At the first stage (which is) shown in the manufacturing process, paper
which is thrown away/ gotten rid of is collected from two main sources in
either the public paper bank or the company. The collected paper is then/
subsequently classified manually to get paper which is suitable for
recycling and any paper that is not appropriate (is inappropriate) for paper
recycling is removed/ gotten rid of. The third and fourth stage is to deliver
graded/sorted/classified paper to a paper mill where/in which the paper is
cleaned and pulped and foreign objects/ other unnecessary materials such
as staples are removed. The next/following/subsequent step (-subject)
which is called/named “de-inking” is to remove any inks and glues which
are left on waste paper// In the next/following/subsequent step(-adv), any
inks and glues which are left on waste paper are removed. Finally/ At the
final stage, the end/finished product, (which is) usable paper, is
manufactured/produced by paper making machine/// The process finishes
with/ concludes with the end/finished product - usable paper - (which is)
manufactured/produced by paper making machine.
Leave st

Resulting mixture

Manufacture= produce st in large amount/ number (verb)

The flow chart illustrates how waste paper is recycled. It is clear that there are six
main stages in the process of recycling waste paper. The first step of the process
involves collecting paper that has been thrown away, and the final step is creating
usable paper.

At the initial stage of the process, used paper is collected from either individuals or
companies. The process continues with the paper being classified by workers, and
inappropriate paper is eliminated. After that, the paper is carried to a paper mill to be
ready for the next stages.

At the paper mill, the paper is cleaned and pulped. This step involves getting rid of
other materials such as staples. The process continues with a step called “de-inking”
where all inks and glues are removed from the paper. At the final stage, paper is put
into a machine, and then new paper is finally produced and is ready to be used again.

(158 words, by Quang Thắng)

Các cách paraphrase từ vựng trong đề bài:

– waste paper = paper that has been thrown away

– manufacture = create = produce

– first stage = initial stage

– public = individuals

– businesses = companies

– sort = grade = classify

– unsuitable = inappropriate

– remove = eliminate = get rid of

– transport = deliver = carry

– usable = can be used
The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making
process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.

The first diagram illustrates how cement is manufactured and the second
diagram shows how concrete is produced from main ingredients- cement//
The two diagrams illustrates how cement and concrete are manufactured/
produced// The two diagrams illustrates the process of how cement and
concrete are manufactured/ produced// The two pictures illustrate the way/
the process in which cement is produced and concrete is made//. Overall,
there are five stages involved in the process of making cement, starting with
raw materials/ collecting waste paper and ending with packaged products/
manufacturing the end/finished product - usable paper. Concrete is a mixture
of 4 different materials.

Initially/ At the first stage shown on the diagram, limestone and clay are put
into a crusher in which/where they are crushed to form a powder. In the next
stages, the powder is mixed before heated in a rotating heater. Cement is
then produced by grinding this heated power. In the final stage/phase,
cement is packaged in bags ready for use/// This process finishes with/
concludes with cements (which are) packaged in bags ready for use.
Moving onto concrete production where the different proportions of four
types of raw materials are used, exactly gravel accounts for 50%, twice as
much as sand. Cement and water made up 15% and 10% respectively. This
mixture is blended together in a rotating machine called a concrete mixer.

The first diagram illustrates the cement manufacturing process/// illustrates how cement is
manufactured, and the second diagram shows the materials that go into the production of
concrete./// The first diagram illustrates how cement is manufactured and the second
diagram shows how concrete is produced from main ingredients- cement// The two
diagrams illustrates how cement and concrete are manufactured/ produced// The two
diagrams illustrates the process of how cement and concrete are manufactured/
produced.
Potato chips manufacturing process
Production = manufacturing
It is clearly seen that there are five stages (which are involved) in the
production/manufacturing of cement, beginning with the input of raw materials and ending
with bags of the end/finished product/ the production of cement involves five stages. To
produce concrete, four different materials are mixed together.
At the first stage in the production of cement, limestone and clay are crushed to form a
powder. This powder is then mixed before it passes into a rotating heater// This is followed
by power (which is) mixed before it passes into a rotating heater. After heating, the
resulting mixture is ground, and cement is produced. Finally/ at the final stage, the cement
is packaged in large bags.
Peeled potatoes/ sliced potatoes
Resulting mixture
End product
Input <-> output
To be Packaged in st….: potatoes are packaged in large bags
Cement is one of the four raw materials that are used in the production of concrete, along
with gravel, sand and water. To be exact, concrete consists of 50% of gravel, 25% of
sand, 15% of cement and 10% of water. All four materials are blended together in a
rotating machine called a concrete mixer.

ANOTHER SAMPLE:

The two pictures illustrate the way in which cement is produced and concrete
is made. Overall, there are five stages in the process of making cement
starting with raw materials and ending with packaged products. Concrete is a
mixture of 4 different materials.

Initially/ At the first stage shown on the diahgram, limestone and clay are put
into a crusher in which they are crushed to form a powder. In the next stage,
the powder is mixed before heated in a rotating heater. Cement is then
produced by grinding this heated power. In the final stage/phase, cement is
packaged in bags ready for use/// This process finishes with/ concludes with
cements packaged in bags ready for use.
Moving onto concrete production where the different proportions of four
types of raw materials are used, exactly gravel accounts for 50%, twice as
much as sand. Cement and water made up 15% and 10% respectively. This
mixture is blended together in a rotating machine called a concrete mixer.
The diagrams illustrate the stages in the life of a silkworm and the process of producing
silk cloth.

There are four main stages in the

life cycle of the silkworm, starting
from eggs and ending with adult
moth. The process of silk cloth
production involves six steps,
from silkworm cocoon to silk
material.
At the first stage in the life cycle of
a silkworm, the moth lays its
eggs. Around ten days later,
silkworm larvae hatch from the
eggs; these larvae feed on
mulberry leaves. Then, after four
to six weeks, the larvae become
covered in silk thread, and it takes
between three and eight days for
a full cocoon to be produced.
For silk cloth production, a cocoon
is first selected and then boiled in
water. After boiling, the silk thread
that makes up the cocoon is
unwound, and then several
strands of thread are twisted
together. At the fifth and sixth
stages in the process, the thread can either be dyed and then woven into silk fabric, or it
can be woven first and then dyed subsequently.

MY SAMPLE:

The two pictures/diagram describe the life cycle of the silkworm and the production
of silk cloth// how the life cycle of the silkworm is and how the production of silk
cloth is/ how the life cycle of the silkworm and the production of silk cloth are.
Overall, there are four stages in the life of the silkworm, starting from eggs and
ending with the moth while producing silk cloth involves six steps from selecting
cocoon to dying materials.

At the first stage shown on the diagram, the moth lays eggs on a leaf. In the second
stage, it takes 10 days for these eggs to hatch and become silkworm larvae which live
on the mulberry leaf/ WHOSE MAIN FOOD IS MULBERRY LEAVES. In the
next/following 4 to 6 weeks, the larvae are completely covered by silk thread (which
is created by themselves) and they then become the cocoon in the period of 3 to 8
days. After 16 days from the time being the cocoon, the cycle finishes with the
presence/ emergence of a moth.
Moving onto silk cloth production, the first steps are that a cocoon is selected and
then boiled in hot water. Afterwards, the thread that covers boiled cocoon is
unwound, which is 300 to 900 meters long. Next, the strands of thread are twisted
together before being dyed or being woven first and finally dyed.
SIMON’S ESSAY
The diagrams illustrate the stages in the life of a silkworm and the process of producing
silk cloth.
There are four main stages in the life cycle of the silkworm, starting from eggs and ending
with adult moth. The process of silk cloth production involves six steps, from silkworm
cocoon to silk material.
At the first stage in the life cycle of a silkworm, the moth lays its eggs. Around ten days
later, silkworm larvae hatch from the eggs; these larvae feed on mulberry leaves. Then,
after four to six weeks, the larvae become covered in silk thread, and it takes between
three and eight days for a full cocoon to be produced…….
For silk cloth production, a cocoon is first selected and then boiled in water. After boiling,
the silk thread that makes up the cocoon is unwound, and then several strands of thread
are twisted together. At the fifth and sixth stages in the process, the thread can either be
dyed and then woven into silk fabric, or it can be woven first and then dyed subsequently.

The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of a honey bee. We can see that the
complete life cycle lasts between 34 and 36 days. It is also noticeable that there are five
main stages in the development of the honey bee, from egg to mature adult insect.
The life cycle of the honey bee begins when the female adult lays an egg; the female
typically lays one or two eggs every 3 days. Between 9 and 10 days later, each egg
hatches and the immature insect, or nymph, appears.
During the third stage of the life cycle, the nymph grows in size and sheds its skin three
times. This moulting first takes place 5 days after the egg hatches, then 7 days later, and
again another 9 days later. After a total of 30 to 31 days from the start of the cycle, the
young adult honey bee emerges from its final moulting stage, and in the space of only 4
days it reaches full maturity.

The given diagram presents/illustrates/demonstrates the process of

producing drinking water from water rain in a specific town in Australia.
Overall, there are five main stages in this process, beginning with the
collection of rainwater and ending with the transportation/delivery of
purified water to each household/each family in the town.
In the first step shown on the chart, rain falling on rooftops is
collected by gutters. In particular/In more details, all the houses owning a
drainage system in which collected rainwater run down a pipe at the side
of the house to the drain laid underground. After filtered to remove most
of the impurities, this resulting water flows/goes along a pipe to a storage
tank. This continues with the stage of water treatment in which the water is
treated with chemicals to make it fit for drinking. The process finishes
with transporting/delivering purified water by pipe to homes, which are
ready for residents’ daily consumption. 151 words.

The diagrams below give information about the manufacture of frozen fish pies.
MY VERSION:

The charts indicate the process in which frozen fish pies are
produced/manufactured. Overall, there are different steps involved in this
manufacturing procedure, beginning with delivering raw materials and
ending with distributing the finished/end products. In addition, a fish pie is
composed of/ is made of four main ingredients, namely peas, fish, sauce
and potatoes.

The first ingredient on the production line which needs preparing is

potatoes transported to the factory by truck, which lasts up to one month. //
At the first stage shown on the diagram, potatoes are transported to the
factory by truck, which lasts up to one month. The process continues with
washing and peeling potatoes so their skin are thrown to a waste disposal.
Subsequently, peeled potatoes are cut into thin slices which are then
boiled, chilled and stored, ready for the next stages.

Regarding the preparation of salmon, fresh ones are delivered to the

factory, taking 12 hours or less. At the next/following step, salmon are
seasoned with salt and lemon juice. After that, seasoned salmon are
steamed in an oven before all their skin and bones are removed manually.
After inspected by hand, salmon are combined with prepared peas, sauce
and potato slices, all of which are then wrapped and frozen. The process
concludes with the finished/end products being stored and dispatched to
outlets, ready for consumption.
The process begins with potatoes which are delivered to the factory
The process begins with potatoes delivered to the factory, which takes/lasts up to one
month.
At the first step shown on the diagram, potatoes are delivered to the factory by truck,
which takes/lasts up to one month.
The manufacturing process continues with potatoes (which are) cleaned, peeled and sliced.

Regarding the preparation of salmon, fresh salmon is delivered to the factory by truck and
then is seasoned with salt and lemon juice.

Regarding the preparation of salmon, fresh salmon is delivered to the factory by truck and then
salt and lemon juice are added to it.

((We season fresh salmon with salt and lemon juice-> Fresh salmon is seasoned with salt and
lemon juice)).

The pictures illustrate the ingredients that go into a factory-made fish pie, and the various
steps in its production.
The pie contains salmon, peas, sauce and potatoes, and there are ten stages in its
manufacture, from delivery to dispatch. One of the ingredients, potato, goes through its
own six-stage preparation process before it can be added to the pie.// WORKERS ADD
POTATO TO THE PIE// POTATO IS ADDED TO THE PIE
Potatoes are the first ingredient to be prepared on the production line. They are delivered
to the factory, which takes/lasts up to a month before the process begins, and they must
be cleaned, peeled and sliced. Potato peelings are thrown away, and the sliced potatoes
are boiled, then chilled and stored.
When fresh salmon arrives at the factory, lemon juice and salt are added, and the fish is
cooked in a steam oven within 12 hours of delivery. Next, factory workers remove and
dispose of the skin and bones, and the fish is inspected. Following inspection, pre-
prepared peas, sauce and potatoes are added. The resulting fish pies are wrapped, frozen
and then stored or dispatched.
The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling

MY SAMPLE

The chart indicates/ describes how used paper is recycled. It is clearly seen
that the waste paper recycling process involves six
distinct/different/various stages, beginning with collecting waste paper and
ending with making usable paper.

At the first stage in the manufacturing process, paper which is thrown

away/ gotten rid of is collected from two main sources in either the public
paper bank or the company. The collected paper is then classified
manually to get paper which is suitable for recycling and any paper that is
not suitable/ appropriate (is inappropriate) for paper recycling is removed/
gotten rid of. The third and fourth stage is to deliver
graded/sorted/classified paper to a paper mill where the paper is cleaned
and pulped. These steps also involves removing/ getting rid of foreign
objects/ other unnecessary materials such as staples. The
next/following/subsequent step which is called/named “de-inking” is to
remove any inks and glues which are left on waste paper// The
next/following/subsequent step, any inks and glues which are left on waste
paper are removed. Finally/ At the final stage, the end/finished product ,
usable paper, is manufactured by a paper making machine// The process
finishes with/ concludes with the end/finished product - usable paper being
manufactured by a paper making machine.
Leave st

Resulting mixture

Manufacture= produce st in large amount/ number (verb)

The flow chart illustrates how waste paper is recycled. It is clear that there are six
main stages in the process of recycling waste paper. The first step of the process
involves collecting paper that has been thrown away, and the final step is creating
usable paper.

At the initial stage of the process, used paper is collected from either individuals or
companies. The process continues with the paper being classified by workers, and
inappropriate paper is eliminated. After that, the paper is carried to a paper mill to be
ready for the next stages.

At the paper mill, the paper is cleaned and pulped. This step involves getting rid of
other materials such as staples. The process continues with a step called “de-inking”
where all inks and glues are removed from the paper. At the final stage, paper is put
into a machine, and then new paper is finally produced and is ready to be used again.

(158 words, by Quang Thắng)

Các cách paraphrase từ vựng trong đề bài:

– waste paper = paper that has been thrown away

– manufacture = create = produce

– first stage = initial stage

– public = individuals

– businesses = companies

– sort = grade = classify

– unsuitable = inappropriate

– remove = eliminate = get rid of

– transport = deliver = carry

– usable = can be used

SIMON’S SAMPLE
The flow chart shows how waste paper is recycled. It is clear that there are six distinct
stages in this process, from the initial collection of waste paper to the eventual production
of usable paper.
At the first stage in the paper recycling process, waste paper is collected either from paper
banks, where members of the public leave their used paper, or directly from businesses.
This paper is then sorted by hand and separated according to its grade, with any paper
that is not suitable for recycling being removed. Next, the graded paper is transported to a
paper mill.
Stages four and five of the process both involve cleaning. The paper is cleaned and
pulped, and foreign objects such as staples are taken out. Following this, all remnants of
ink and glue are removed from the paper at the de-inking stage. Finally, the pulp can be
processed in a paper making machine, which makes the end product: usable paper.
 The diagram illustrates how potato chips are produced.

The chart illustrates the process in which potato chips are

manufactured/ how potato chips are manufactured. Overall, it is
clearly seen that there are several stages (which are) involved in the
MANUFACTURINGPRODUCTION process, beginning with checking/inspecting the quality of
potatoes and ending with packaging end/finised products.

At the first stage in the production of potato chips, after delivered to the manufacturing
plant, potatoes are examined for quality by hand/ manually. Following that, the inspected/ examined
potatoes/ the potatoes which meet the specification are washed in cold water. They are then
moved into a peeler to remove the skin and eliminate their peels. Thirdly, PEELED potatoes are
delivered to bucket conveyor which moved them one by one into slicers. AFTER that, these
SLICES are air dried and moved into a deep fryer by a flat belt conveyor . Following the stage of
being fried, potatoes are salted and transported either to a bag packer machine where finished/end
product are packaged in bags or to a bulk can filler in which they are packaged in cans.
The diagram below shows how orange juice is produced.
MY SAMPLE

The diagram illustrates the production of two kinds of

orange juice. The process of producing/making orange juice
involves many various stages, beginning with delivering
fresh oranges to the factory and ending with transferring the
end product/ the finished product to the supermarket.

At the first stage of orange juice production, fresh oranges

are delivered to a factory by truck where they are then
washed by a machine. This is followed by the stage of
extraction in which oranges are squeezed by a machine to
extract orange juice and solid waste including the peel is
used to feed animals. Following this, the resulting orange
juice can either be packaged ready to be sold in the
supermarket or transferred to a machine called evaporator
to get rid of water. This concentrated juice is then canned
and stored in a warehouse. After that, water is added to the
canned orange juice which is finally packaged and
delivered to the supermarket, ready to be consumed. 160
words

ADD ST TO ST

Sample answer
The process illustrates the production of orange juice.
There are various stages in the process of making orange juice, beginning with
collecting fresh oranges and ending with distributing juice boxes to supermarkets.
Firstly, oranges are picked, loaded onto trucks and delivered to the processing plant
where they are thoroughly washed by a machine. Following that, the juice is
extracted from the oranges by a squeezing machine. At this stage of production, solid
waste, including orange peels and seeds, are collected to feed animals, while the juice
can either be packaged ready to be consumed, or transferred to another factory for the
evaporation process.
During the evaporation process, the fresh orange juice will be processed by an
evaporator machine where the water is removed. The concentrated juice will then be
canned and transported to a warehouse before being combined with water again.
After that, it will be packaged and distributed to supermarkets, ready to be purchased
by consumers.
 The chart below shows how fish canning is done. Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.

The diagram illustrates how canned fish are produced. Overall, the entire process involves fifteen
distinct stages, beginning with the collection of fish and ending with the delivery of finished/end
products to the supermarket.

The first step of the process shown on the diagram is fishing where fish are caught and then frozen
at the temperature of -18 degree. After unloaded from the boat, fish are weighed and then deforested
which are be ready for preparation step where fish are gutted and beheaded. This continues with
prepared fish steamed, which are then cooled before filleted. This was followed by the canning
process in which fish fillets are filled with such ingredients as brine, water or oil in a can. At the
eleventh step, cans are sealed and then sterilized by heat. The next stage is labelling according to
the type of fish produced. Finally, these end products are stored in bulk and delivered to the
supermarket by truck, ready for consumption . 162 WORDS
 The given process illustrates the production of sugar
from sugar cane. It can be clearly seen there are seven
main stages in the process of sugar production // the sugar
production involves seven distinct/different/various stages,
beginning with growing sugar cane and ending with drying
and cooling the finished/ end product.
 The first step of the process shown on the diagram is
the growth of sugar cane, taking about 12 to 18 months for
it to be mature. Then, sugar cane is harvested both
manually and mechanically. In more detail, the farmer
removed its leaves and root; and the machine is used to
cut its stalks into different pieces. This is followed by the
crushing step, in which sugar cane is juiced by a
crushing/extracting machine. Next, sugarcane juice is
purified through/by a filter made from limestone. This
continues with the step called evaporator where purified
juice is heated to remove much of the water, resulting in a
thick sugar syrup. Subsequently, this concentrated syrup is
put into a centrifuge which rotates continuously so that
sugar crystals are separated from the liquid. In the final
step/Finally, sugar, the end/finished product, is dried and
cooled, ready for packaging and sale.
The diagram reveals how an academic essay is written. Overall, there are six
stages involved in this process, beginning with consulting tutors and ending with
finishing and editing the draft.

At the first stage, students discuss the selected task and topic with their tutors and
they also receive advice on relevant resources which can be obtained from books
and articles. This was followed by doing/ conducting research by two ways. In
details, students go to the library to read reference information and note key points
and they do field work like giving questionnaires and conducting interviews or
surveys. The third stage continues with planning the draft which includes organizing
the content and making the rough outline and then finishing the first draft in which
the formal written style is used and language is checked.

The process continues with the second private discussion with the tutor or the study
group discussion to find out possible problems of the first draft and get/obtain
advice on how to solve them. Subsequently, the second draft including implications
is written and checked after students reread reference materials and the first draft is
revised. The final draft is then finished after spelling is checked, a bibliography is
compiled and a title page is added. The process concludes with an essay being
submitted by deadline.
The diagram below shows the environmental issues raised by a product over its lifecycle.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.

The diagram illustrates how a lifecycle/ the use/the consumption of a

product causes environmental problems. It is clearly seen that there are
seven main stages involved in this process, beginning with planning and
designing a product and ending with recycling it.

At the first step shown on the diagram, a visual model is designed

based on computer science/ programming language/ by computer. In the
second and the third stage, necessary materials and energy sources are
delivered to the factory by truck and then used/consumed for production,
by which air pollution is caused/created. Following this, products are
packaged and distributed to shops or retailers where they are put in bags or
covers and subsequently sold to customers, which have more detrimental
effects on the environment. The process continues with customers using
products they have bought. This is followed by disposing of used products
or recycling them in which they are converted into materials and energy
resources required for a new life cycle. Finally, all customer feedback is
collected/gathered to improve the next product. 165 words
 VERSION 2:
At the first stages which is shown in the manufacturing process, 3D model of a product is planned
as well as designed on the computer. In the second and thr third stages- adv, materials and energy
resources which are required for production are transported by truck to the factory, which is
prepared for manufacturing products- 54 words.
. The process continues with packaging products and distributing them to the market. Subsequently,
these products are sold by retailers and used by consumers for many purposes such as domestic
items. This is followed by used products which are either disposed of or recycled. Besides,
consumers send back comments on the products they have used in order that the quality of the
product of the next/following lifecycle is improved.
MY ESSAY: The diagram illustrates the process/ in which instant
noodles are produced /// The diagram illustrates the
manufacturing/production process for/of making instant noodles.
Production = manufacturing
It is clearly seen that there are eight stages (which are) involved in
the production of instant noodles, beginning with storing and
delivering the raw material which is flour and ending with labelling
and sealing the finished/end product which is noddle cups.
At the first and second stage shown on the
production/manufacturing process, flour which is stored in silos is
delivered to a mixer by truck where/ in which it is mixed with a
combination of water and oil. This resulting mixture/ dough is then
turned into/ stretched into sheets by rollers before they are moved
to another machine to be cut into separate strips. This continues
with forming these strips into rounded discs which are subsequently
cooked in oil and dried. In the following stages, these dried noodle
discs together with vegetables and spices are put into cups. The
process finishes with/ concludes with these noodle cups which are
labelled and sealed, ready for consumption. 152 WORDS.

SAMPLE: The given picture illustrates the process by which instant noodles are
produced.

Overall, it is clear that there are 8 stages in this linear process, commencing
with storing flour in silos and ending with labeling and sealing cups.

At the first stage of this process, flour is pumped from a truck into tower silos
for storage before being put into a mixing machine, where it is mixed with a
combination of water and oil. After this stage has been completed, the
resulting mixture is rolled over to create dough sheets, and then going through
a machine to be separated into strips.

During the next stage, these dough strips are molded into noodles discs, after
which they are cooked with oil and left to dry. Following this, these dried
noodles discs, together with vegetables and spices, are put into cups, and the
process finally ends with these cups being labeled and sealed.
The given diagram illustrates how a variety of tea is produced. Overall,

the manufacturing process of these types of tea vary but all of them start

with plucking mature tea leaves and ending with drying finished/end

products.

As can be seen from the diagram, the first three steps of the production

of all types of tea are the same, in which teas are grown and then their

leaves are plucked before wilting or withering. White tea is simply

produced once wilted tea leaves are dried in an oven. Nevertheless, green

tea is manufactured when withered leaves are steamed and rolled before

going through drying stage in an oven. The third type of tea-oolong is

undergone two stages of rolling tea leaves and then fermenting them

slightly before being dried in the oven. The large black leaf tea is made

by going through the same stages as oolong tea except fermentation stage,

in detail, it is engaged in full fermentation instead. Lastly, the production

of small leaf black tea is only different from large leaf one in crushing

wilted leaves into small pieces.

The given diagram illustrates the process in which soft cheese is
produced/ manufactured. Overall, there are five main steps involved in this
manufacturing process, starting with water and milk being mixed and
ending with the end/finished product being made.

As can be seen from the diagram, two main ingredients that are used to
produce soft cheese, water and milk, are mixed before they are cooled in 2
hours at a temperature of 5 degree Celsius. This is followed by a stage of
fermentation which lasts 6 hours at 35 degree celcius and salt is added in.
Subsequently, the fermented mixture goes through evaporation in which it
is heated to 100 degrees over/during a period of 8 hours. The process
continues with resulting thick liquid that is cooled at 5 degree celcius over
a 6-hour period. At the final stage, filters are used to waste/ eliminate
water and extract the final product - the soft cheese.
.

The chart illustrates the process in which liquid chocolate is manufactured.

Overall, there are ten main stages involved in this process, beginning with
growing cacao trees and ending with making the end products- liquid
chocolate.
At two first stages shown on the diagram, cacao trees are typically
cultivated in South America, Africa and Indonesia// cacao trees are
cultivated in such typical countries and regions as South America, Africa
and Indonesia and bear/produce ripe egg-shaped pods which are picked
when they turn red ///The ripe pods of cacao trees typically cultivated in
South America, Africa and Indonesia are picked when they turn are red.
White beans are then collected after ripe pods are cracked in half/ are
cracked open. The process continues with beans fermented in a big
wooden box and dried by being spread under the sun. The next steps are
putting/packaging dried beans into large sacks delivered by train or lorry
to a mill. At the factory, there are several steps involved in the
manufacturing process. First, e cocoa beans are roasted at a temperature of
350 degrees. Second, these beans are crushed so that the outer shells are
removes. The final step is pressing the inner part of the beans by a
machine in which the finished products – liquip chocolate is produced.

The diagram indicates how a frog is born and grows up. Overall, there are six different stages
involved in this growing process, beginning with frogspawn and ending with mature frogs.
It all starts with an adult frog laying numerous tiny eggs which clump together in groups known as
frogspawn, after that a baby frog called a tadpole hatches. At the next step, the tadpole gradually
develops with the appearance of a long tail together with two hind legs and the increase in body
size. Subsequently, the transformation from the tadpole into a young frog completes when their tail
shrinks, two hind legs grow and front legs emerge. After the tail shrinks away, the young frog is
fully grown-up and becomes a mature one with long limbs, ready to head out into the big wide
world. Once mature frogs mate with each other and the female looks for water to lay eggs, the
metamorphosis finishes and the whole life cycle begins again.
The diagram below shows the development of cutting tools in the Stone Age. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

The chart illustrates the process in which a cutting tool evolved during a 0.6 million-year period in
Stone Age. Overall, while tool A was still rudimentary and comparatively small, tool B was more
refined so it issupposed to be more effective.
Dating back to 1.4 million years ago, the tool was just a simple stone without possessing a
particular shape. From the front and side view, this tool had a rough surface and blunt edge, with its
length and width being/ measuring roughly 7 cm and 3 cm respectively. While its biggest part was
the middle, the tool tapered towards the top and the bottom. Regarding the back view, the large
bottom part was the handle with a pointy tip, used for the cutting purpose.
After 0,6 million years, the cutting tool became refined, which bore the resemblance to a teardrop
and showed significant improvements in craftmanship. It was crafted rather than remaining a
primitive stone. Looking from its side , it became slightly more slender with a smoother surface
and sharper edge. In addition, its size was also expanded to approximately 10 cm in length and 5 cm
in width while the back view indicates it became twice as large as it had been.
From the size view,…
The size view shows/indicates…
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The chart illustrates the process in which three types of products are made from pineapples. Overall,
it is clearly seen that there are different steps involved in this procedure, commencing with
cultivating pineapples and culminating with manufacturing finished products.
At the first step shown on the diagram, pineapples are grown in the favorable weather conditions,
from 28 to 30 Celcius degrees. After the first 7 months, growth simulating substances are added to
pineapples// chemicals are added to enhance the development of pineapples which can meet the
manufacturing requirements of 2kg in weight and 30 cm in length five months later. During these
stages, pineapples are harvested at three different time periods according to their sizes.After
washing pineapples to remove all dust and dirt, the process continues with the cleaned pineapples
processed in three different ways according to their specific end products. In detail, the largest ones
undergo a distinctive process, being washed before delivered by waterway to several outlets. In
terms of the smallest and middle-sized ones, after their leaves and peels are gotten rid of, the former
are extracted to produce fresh pineapple juice while the latter are sliced and packed into cans, ready
to be consumed.