Cambridge IGCSE®

Travel and Tourism

0471

Paper 1

For examination from 2017

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Contents

Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 2

Assessment at a glance ....................................................................................................... 4

Paper 1 – Core paper .......................................................................................................... 5

 Introduction

The main aim of this booklet is to exemplify standards for those teaching Cambridge IGCSE Travel and
Tourism (0471), and to show how different levels of candidates’ performance (high, middle and low) relate to
the subject’s curriculum and assessment objectives.

In this booklet candidate responses have been chosen to exemplify a range of answers. Each response is
accompanied by a brief commentary explaining the strengths and weaknesses of the answers.

Each response is annotated with clear explanation of where and why marks were awarded or omitted. This,
in turn, is followed by examiner comments on how the answer could have been improved. In this way it is
possible for you to understand what candidates have done to gain their marks and what they will have to do
to improve their answers. At the end there is a list of common mistakes candidates made in their answers for
each question.

This document provides illustrative examples of candidate work. These help teachers to assess the standard
required to achieve marks, beyond the guidance of the mark scheme. Some question types where the
answer is clear from the mark scheme, such as short answers and multiple choice, have therefore been
omitted.

The questions, mark schemes and pre-release material used here are available to download from Teacher
Support. These files are:

Question Paper 01, June 2016

Question paper 0471_s16_qp_01.pdf
Mark scheme 0471_s16_ms_01.pdf

Question Paper 02, June 2016

Question paper 0471_s16_qp_02.pdf
Mark scheme 0471_s15_ms_02.pdf

Other past papers, Examiner Reports and other teacher support materials are available on Teacher Support
at https://teachers.cie.org.uk

2 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Introduction
How to use this booklet

Examiner comments are

alongside the answers,
Answers by real candidates in exam linked to specific part of the
conditions. These show you the types of answer. These explain
answers for each level. where and why marks were
awarded. This helps you to
Discuss and analyse the answers with interpret the standard of
your learners in the classroom to Cambridge exams and
improve their skills. helps your learners to
refine exam technique.

This explains how the candidate could have improved the

answer. This helps you to interpret the standard of
Cambridge exams and helps your learners to refine exam
technique.

This section lists the common mistakes candidates made

in answering each question. This will help your learners
to avoid these mistakes at the exam and give them the
best chance of achieving a high mark.

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 3

 Assessment at a glance

Candidates take:

Paper 1 2 hours
Core Paper
Short answer question paper
(60% of total marks) 100 marks

and either: or:

Paper 2 2½ hours Paper 3

Alternative to Coursework Coursework Investigation (max 3000 words)
Short answer question paper, based primarily on Centre-based assessment, directed towards Unit 6
Unit 5 of the syllabus of the syllabus
(40% of total marks) 100 marks (40% of total marks) 60 marks

Teachers are reminded that the latest syllabus is available on our public website at www.cie.org.uk and
Teacher Support at https://teachers.cie.org.uk

4 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Paper 1 – Core paper

Question 1

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 The candidate correctly

identifies all three methods of public
transport available at Mawson
Interchange.
1
Mark awarded for (a) = 3 out of 3

2
2 The candidate correctly
describes one correct benefit of
using a public transport
interchange: ‘it can transport you
3 anywhere in the city’.

3 The benefit (‘transport you

anywhere’) is fully developed here.

4 4 The second benefit given here

does not answer the question; it
identifies and explains the benefit of
public transport in general rather
than a public transport interchange
specifically.

Mark awarded for (b) = 2 out of 4

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 5

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

5 The candidate correctly states

a way in which destinations try to
5 reduce the problems of
overcrowding and congestion.

6 6 The candidate explains clearly

how public transport reduces
overcrowding and congestion.
7
7 The candidate correctly gives
‘overpasses’ here.

8 8 The candidate explains how an

overpass reduces overcrowding
9
and congestion.
10
9 The candidate correctly gives
‘sidewalks’ and ‘bike trails’.

10 The candidate explains clearly

how sidewalks and bike trails
reduce overcrowding and
congestion.

Mark awarded for (c) = 6 out of 6

6 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

11 The candidate correctly

identifies ‘line up queues’ in the
context of entrances to attractions
11 here.

12 The candidate clearly explains

12 how queues reduce congestion at
entrances.

13 The candidate correctly gives

‘pre-paid tickets’ here. ‘Tickets’
13 alone would be too vague.
14
14 The candidate explains how
15 pre-paid
5 tickets help to manage
congestion at the entrances to
attractions.

16 15 The candidate correctly

explains a way that is relevant to
the context.

16 The use of discounted prices at

less busy times is clearly explained
here.

Mark awarded for (d) = 6 out of 6

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 7

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

17 The candidate identifies an

appropriate action.
17
18 The candidate identifies a
18
further appropriate action.

19 Appropriate analysis, showing

how an organisation deals with
19 complaints. Level 2.

20 Appropriate analysis, showing

how an organisation deals with
20 complaints. Level 2.

Mark awarded for (e) = 4 out of 6

Total marks awarded =

21 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved the answer

(b) For 2, the candidate needed to describe two benefits of using a public transport interchange, rather than
public transport in general. The candidate should have been focused on the question throughout their
answer.

(c) The candidate over-explained their answers for 2 and 3. Being more concise could have allowed more
time to be given to later or more challenging questions.

(d) The candidate over-explained their answer to 1 and could have improved by being more concise.

(e) This response was mostly descriptive, with some elements of weak analysis. The candidate needed to
develop their response more by analysing and evaluating more fully how the organisation and/or customer
would benefit from dealing with complaints effectively.

8 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 The candidate correctly

identifies all three methods of public
transport available at Mawson
Interchange.

Mark awarded for (a) = 3 out of 3

1
2 The candidate correctly
describes a benefit of using the
interchange (‘park and choose a
suitable method of transport’).

3 The candidate correctly and

2 3 concisely describes the benefit to
tourists.
4
4 The candidate describes a
5 suitable benefit (‘switch mode of
transport’) and develops the
description with a concise example
to ensure that their meaning and
the context are clear.

5 The candidate correctly

describes the benefit to tourists.

Mark awarded for (b) = 4 out of 4

6 6 The candidate is awarded one

benefit of the doubt mark here.
Although the response is a little
unclear, it has some correct
elements (‘improve infrastructure,
e.g. roads’, ‘to handle a larger
7 number of people’).

7 The candidate’s response is too

vague and does not mention or
explain exactly how numbers could
8 be limited.

8 The candidate does not answer

the question

Mark awarded for (c) = 1 out of 6

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 9

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

9 This response is not valid as it is

not relevant to the question (about
9 managing arrivals to avoid
congestion at entrances).

10 This response does not answer

10 the question

11 This response is vague.

11 Mark awarded for (d) = 0 out of 6

12 The candidate identifies a

correct way to deal with complaints
12 (‘firstly apologise’).

13 The candidate identifies

another correct way to deal with
complaints.

13 14 Clear analysis of how the

attraction will benefit from dealing
with complaints well, reinforced by
14 the point about action to be taken
(‘plan to avoid it in the future’).

15 Some evaluation of how the

attraction could take action and the
15 benefit of this to the attraction.

Mark awarded for (e) = 5 out 6

Total mark awarded =

13 out of 25

10 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

How the candidate could have improved the answer

(c) The candidate needed to be more specific for point 1, for example, ‘build ring roads’. To improve points 2
and 3, the candidate should have kept their answer focused on the question. For point 2, the candidate
needed to state exactly how they would have limited numbers of people and ensured that their response was
relevant, for example, alternate-day travel. Again, point 3 needed to be more specific, stating and explaining
a specific strategy.

(d) All the points given here needed to be more specific and more focused on the question about avoiding
congestion at the entrances to visitor attractions.

(e) The candidate should have provided fuller evaluation of the benefits to an attraction of dealing with
customer complaints. This would have earned the response a full 6 marks (Level 3).

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 11

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 The candidate correctly

identifies all three methods of public
transport available at Mawson
Interchange.

1 Mark awarded for (a) = 3 out of 3

2 The candidate does not answer

the question. The response
describes the benefits of public
transport, not a public transport
interchange.

3 The candidate’s response is

2 vague (‘explore more’) and not
3 specific to an interchange.

4 Here the candidate is

describing public transport, not the
4 benefits of an interchange.
Therefore the response does not
answer the question

Mark awarded for (b) = 0 out of 4

5 The candidate is not specific

and does not mention a way of
limiting the number of people.

6 The response is vague; it is not

5 clear that the strategy is for a large
city destination nor is it clear how
this would reduce congestion and
overcrowding.

6 7 The candidate’s response is

wrong. This (‘given directions’) is
not a valid way that city
destinations reduce these
problems.

7 Mark awarded for (c) = 0 out of 6

12 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

8 8 The candidate’s answer here is

not valid and not relevant to the
context of visitor attraction
entrances.

Mark awarded for (d) = 0 out of 6

9 The candidate correctly

identifies a way that complaints are
likely to be dealt with (‘listen
carefully’).

9 10 The candidate identifies a

further way that complaints are
likely to be dealt with (‘apologise in
general terms’), earning the
maximum marks available (2); they
10 needed to move on to analysis and
then evaluation to gain further
marks.

11 The candidate discusses further

11 action that may be taken when a
member of staff is unable to deal
with a complaint.
12
12 Further analysis is provided by
discussing how the customer
benefits from the action taken.

Mark awarded for (e) = 4 out of 6

Total mark awarded =

7 out of 25

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 13

Paper 1

How the candidate could have improved the answer

(b) This question required candidates to describe the benefits of a public transport interchange, not public
transport in general, as described here.

(c) The candidate needed to be more specific and relevant to the question (large city destinations and
reducing congestion and overcrowding). Point 2 could have been improved by making it more specific and
using the correct terminology, e.g. pedestrianizing. Point 3 suggested a way that cannot be controlled by a
large city/destination and is therefore not relevant.

(d) The response given was not relevant to the question. Carrying Capacity is determined by many factors,
many of which are not controllable by the attraction, e.g. fire and safety limits. Similarly, adherence to
Carrying Capacity does not reduce congestion at entrances, which was the subject of the question.

(e) The response was well structured and developed. However, the candidate also needed to evaluate or
conclude how methods of dealing with complaints would contribute towards a successful future for an
attraction.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

Many candidates did not focus their answers closely enough on the questions. Identifying the context more
accurately when reading the questions would have helped candidates to be focused and specific in their
responses. Candidates could highlight/underline the specific context when reading the question in order to
do this.

Not using correct and specific terminology was also a common mistake.

In this question and overall in the paper, there was a lack of focused evaluation in questions requiring longer
answers.

14 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Question 2

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 The candidate correctly names

three of the features on the map in
the insert.
1
Mark awarded for (a) =
3 out of 3

2 The correct answer to this

2 question is Equatorial.

3 The candidate correctly states

the three other climatic conditions
3 in Singapore.

Mark awarded for (b) = 3 out of 4

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 15

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

4 The candidate cites Jamaica's

4 geographical position, which is
relevant here (‘near to the USA and
Canada’).
5
5 The candidate develops the
point about the influence of location
here (‘easy for visitors ... doesn't
take too long to arrive there’).

6 The candidate shows correct

6 knowledge (‘the climate is tropical’)
and its relevance to the context
(‘USA and Canada’), explaining
how these influence the trend
(‘appeal to citizens of the USA and
Canada ... where weather is often
cold and rainy’).
7
7 The candidate shows
knowledge and understanding in
this context (USA and Canada as
MEDCs), then goes on to explain
how this fact is likely to influence
the trend (‘get more for their money
and it is cheap for them’).

Mark awarded for (c) = 6 out of 6

16 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

8 The candidate states a valid

8 way that is relevant to the question.

9 The candidate explains the role

9 of information offices in promoting
and marketing. The response is
10 clear, concise and relevant
(’overseas’).

11 10 The candidate states a correct

way (‘present at expos or trade
shows’) which is clearly relevant
(‘around the world’).
12
11 The candidate develops their
13
explanation of the role of expos or
trade shows in promoting and
marketing Jamaica (‘entice people
to visit’).

12 The candidate cites a correct

way here. Just ‘branding’ or
‘television’ on their own would have
been too vague. However, the
combination of these two elements
earns the response full marks.

13 The candidate elaborates these

points (‘large audience ...
encourage more visitors’).

Mark awarded for (d) = 6 out of 6

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 17

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

14 The candidate successfully

identifies a cultural performance
14 15 (‘dance’) that is relevant to the
question and the chosen example.

16 15 Selling crafts is not a cultural

performance, therefore not
creditworthy.

17 16 The candidate shows

advanced knowledge and
understanding by identifying
the appeal to tourists
(‘authenticity’), taking this response
into Level 2.

17 The candidate evaluates the

benefits of the cultural performance
(dance) to the locals, showing
some knowledge of sustainable
tourism.

Mark awarded for (e) = 5 out of 6

Total mark awarded =

23 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved the answer

(a) The candidate’s knowledge of the ocean was incorrect; the required response was Pacific.

(b) The candidate’s knowledge of the climatic conditions was incorrect; the required response was
Equatorial.

(e) The candidate needed to offer some further evaluation or conclusion to earn full marks. One suggestion
for this would be to expand and develop the link to sustainable tourism.

18 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 The candidate correctly names

all three features.

1 Mark awarded for (a) = 3 out of 3

2 The candidate correctly states

2 the climatic conditions in
Singapore.

3 The correct answer is lower.

3
4 The candidate correctly states
4 that the local time is in advance of
Rio de Janeiro.

5 The correct answer here is they

5 are at risk.

Mark awarded for (b) = 2 out of 4

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 19

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

6 The candidate's response is

6 vague and does not answer the
question.

7 The candidate correctly

7 explains that the climate is tropical.

8 The explanation here is

8 incorrect and not relevant to the
question. It does not explain how
the nature of Jamaica’s climate
influences 1.5 million USA and
Canadian tourists.

9 The candidate’s response is not

9 relevant. The question asks
candidates to explain how the fact
that Jamaica is an LEDC may have
influenced the large numbers of US
and Canadian visitors.

Mark awarded for (c) = 1 out of 6

20 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

10 10 The candidate's response is

incorrect. Development is not a
function of tourist boards.

11 11 The candidate correctly states

one way (‘online’). However, the
explanation is not developed
enough to be awarded the second
mark.

Mark awarded for (d) = 1 out of 6

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 21

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

12 The candidate correctly

12 13 identifies one cultural performance
(‘music’).

13 The candidate correctly

identifies a further cultural
performance (‘dances’).

14
14 The candidate goes on to
analyse the benefit of cultural
performances to the host country.
However, there is limited reference
to the rather vague chosen
example, which limits the analysis
marks awarded.

Mark awarded for (e) = 3 out 6

Total mark awarded =

10 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved the answer

(b) The candidate needed more thorough knowledge of climatic conditions and seasons.

(c) The candidate needed to keep the whole of their answer focused on the question. They included some
valid explanation; however, most of the response was not relevant to the trend of Jamaica having become a
popular tourist destination attracting 1.5 million visitors from the USA and Canada.

(d) The candidate’s response for point 1 was not valid, as development is not a function of a tourist board.
To improve response 2, the candidate needed to explain how or why a website could promote Jamaica,
mentioning its benefits in terms of content and information.

(e) The candidate needed to be more specific to earn higher marks. The first half of the response is not
creditworthy as it does not answer the question. If a more specific example had been given, this could have
been avoided. The candidate could have assessed the characteristics of the cultural performances, for
example. Although the analysis at the end is similar to the analysis shown in the high response example, the
analysis marks were limited due to the vaguely referenced example. This highlights the need to give
accurate and specific examples when the question requires it.

22 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 The candidate correctly names

all three features.
1
Mark awarded for (a) = 3 out of 3

2 All four answers are wrong.

Mark awarded for (b) = 0 out of 4

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 23

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

3 3 The candidate's response is

vague and not relevant to the
question.

4 The candidate's response

correctly explains some
characteristics of a tropical climate,
4 so one mark has been awarded.
There is no further development or
link to the question for the second
mark.

5 The candidate's response does

not answer the question.
5 Mark awarded for (c) = 1 out of 6

24 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

6 The candidate correctly

mentions overseas visits and
expos. Although this point is not
explained well, the meaning is clear
enough so the candidate was
awarded BOD. The response is too
6 vague to be credited with the
second explanation mark.

7 7 The candidate correctly states a

8 method (‘advertising’) in the correct
context (‘make the world know’).

8 The candidate provides further

explanation of this method
(‘advertising’).

9 9 The candidate’s response is not

a method used by JTB or other
national tourist boards. National
tourist boards do not set prices,
promotions or packages.

Mark awarded for (d) = 3 out of 6

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 25

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

10 The candidate identifies a

correct cultural performance
(‘dance’), in the context of the
example of Brazil.

10
11 The candidate identifies
another correct cultural
performance (‘music’), in the
context of the Brazil carnival.

12 The candidate does not analyse

11 any of the cultural performances in
the context of the question (i.e. its
appeal to tourists), so is limited to
Level 1.

12 Mark awarded for (e) = 2 out of 6

Total mark awarded =

9 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved the answer

(b) The candidate needed more thorough knowledge of climatic conditions and seasons.

(c) For response 1, the candidate needed to keep their answer focused specifically on the question. For
response 2, the candidate again needed to keep their answer focused on the question. The candidate does
not explain how its climate has influenced the trend of Jamaica being a popular tourist destination regularly
attracting 1.5 million visitors from the USA and Canada. For response 3, the candidate needed to explain
how the fact that Jamaica is an LEDC makes travel to and around Jamaica cheap for tourists from MEDCs
such as USA and Canada.

(d) The candidate’s response for 1 needed to be more specific with further development explaining how this
method would help JTB to fulfil their role. The candidate also needed to use the correct terminology.

(e) The candidate needed to develop their chosen example more to analyse exactly how the cultural
performance appeals to tourists. The command word in the question indicated what was required. The
candidate needed to do more than give a simple explanation or description of the cultural performance. They
then needed to evaluate the points raised, possibly offering some conclusion. As seen with the previous
examples, one obvious evaluative point is to make a link with the effect on the host population, e.g.
responsible tourism, or economic and social advantages and disadvantages.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

Weaknesses in geographical knowledge and failing to focus on the questions in a specific way were
common mistakes.

26 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Question 3

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 The candidate successfully

identifies all three items from Fig. 3.

Mark awarded for (a) = 3 out of 3

1 2 The candidate successfully
describes one feature of business
class travel.

3 The candidate successfully

2 develops the description by giving
more detail and linking this to the
traveller.
3
4 The candidate describes the
features that are often included in
business class.

4 Mark awarded for (b) = 4 out of 4

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 27

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

5 The candidate correctly cites

one advantage.

5 6 The candidate explains how

6 passengers benefit (‘arrive at their
destinations earlier’).

7 The candidate correctly gives a

relevant advantage, but the
7 explanation is limited.

8 The candidate gives an

advantage that is not correct in this
context.
8 Mark awarded for (c) = 3 out of 6

9 The candidate states a correct

9 type of training.

10 The candidate correctly

explains the benefit to the customer
10 (‘health emergency ... deal with it
while a plan is made’)
11
11 The candidate states a correct
type of training.
12
12 The candidate provides an
excellent explanation of how
13 customers benefit.

13 The candidate states a correct

14
type of training.

14 The candidate explains the

benefit to customers.

Mark awarded for (d) = 6 out of 6

28 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

15 The candidate correctly

identifies a valid method of
promotion.
15
16 The analysis is correct here and
mentions the benefit to the travel
16 agency.

Mark awarded for (e) = 3 out of 6

Total mark awarded =

19 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved the answer

(b) In this response, it is the combination of elements that has given the candidate the full 2 marks available.
However, in general, candidates are advised to be more concise.

(c) For response 2, the candidate needed to provide more explanation of the advantage to passengers in
order to be awarded the second mark, for example passengers are able to visit two destinations in one trip
for the same price, thereby saving money. Point 3 is worded badly unfortunately and needed a more specific
explanation to make it correct. It is not true that replacement flights are easier to find only in hub airports.
The candidate also needed to make it clearer which flights they are talking about here: the initial flight from
the home departure airport (not relevant to the question) or the onward flight departing from a hub airport
(relevant)?

(d) The training methods are well explained. However, response 2 (customer service) and 3 (mathematics
and calculations) could have been more concise, saving valuable exam time for more challenging questions
and topic areas.

(e) The candidate would have benefited from planning the structure of their response before starting. It was
not until line 9 that any creditworthy comment was made, instead the candidate explained cheap flights,
which was not what the question required. Simple planning of the response will help the candidate to focus
and be more concise, allowing space and time for analysis and evaluation. Candidates should plan the
longer answer questions in three parts: identify, analyse and evaluate/conclude. Centres can refer to the
mark schemes for more detail on how ‘assess and discuss’ questions are marked.

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 29

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 The candidate correctly

identifies the first two items from
Fig. 3.
1
2 The correct answer is 4. The
candidate has misinterpreted this
2 part.

Mark awarded for (a) = 2 out of 3

3 The candidate’s response is too

vague here. Wi-fi is now common
3 throughout all classes on scheduled
airlines and not an exclusive
feature of business class.
4
4 The candidate correctly
identifies business class lounges.
The candidate is given benefit of
5 the doubt here; the description is a
little vague but the meaning is clear
enough.

5 The candidate describes the

benefit of this feature to the
business class passenger.
Although the description is not clear
again, they have been awarded a
further benefit-of-the-doubt mark.

Mark awarded for (b) = 2 out of 4

30 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

6 6 The candidate’s response is

vague.

7 The candidate explains a

feature of hub airports for
international journeys (duty free).

7 8 The candidate's explanation is

vague and lacks context.
8
9 The candidate's response is not
clear or relevant.

Mark awarded for (c) = 1 out of 6

9

10 The candidate correctly states a

type of training (body language)
10 that is relevant.

11 The candidate explains the

benefit to the customer well
11 (‘respected ... satisfied’)
12
12 The candidate correctly states a
type of training that is relevant.

13 13 The candidate explains how the

14 customer
5 will benefit.

14 The candidate correctly states a

type of training that is relevant here.
15
15 The candidate explains the
benefit to the customer of this
training.

Mark awarded for (d) = 6 out of 6

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 31

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

16 The candidate correctly

identifies a valid method of
16 promotion.

17 17 A further valid promotional

method is identified.

18 A further valid promotional

method is identified. However the
18 candidate has already reached the
maximum marks for Level 1.

Mark awarded for (e) = 2 out 6

Total mark awarded =

13 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved the answer

(a) The source material and question have been incorrectly interpreted. Candidates need to be sure what the
question is asking before identifying information from figures.

(b) For response 1, the candidate needed to be more specific. W

i-fi is now a common feature in all classes of scheduled airlines. The candidate needed to state a feature of
this wi-fi that is specific or exclusive to business class travel, e.g. free wi-fi or a higher download speed.
Although the description is valid, a correct identification needs to be present to qualify for the second
description mark.

Response 2 was awarded a benefit-of-the-doubt mark. Candidates should be as specific as possible to

ensure that their meaning is clearly conveyed. In this case, the candidate would have improved their
response by including airport lounge and to take a rest in before a flight.

(c) Response 1 was too vague and needed to explain what is easier and faster to make it relevant to the
question. Point 2 also needed to be more specific to gain the second explanatory mark, explaining precisely
how a passenger will benefit, e.g. from duty-free prices or exclusive products before their onward journey.
Response 3 needed to be more specific and relevant to the question.

(d) The explanation for training method 2 could have been improved by being made more specific and direct
and using the correct terminology (satisfied and valued customer) rather than ‘feel like a king’.

(e) The candidate could have improved their response by stating a precise use of the Internet, e.g. website,
pop-up, advert, etc. The candidate successfully identified three promotional methods; however marks were
limited to the top of Level 1 as there was no analysis. The response could have been improved by analysing
the promotional methods in the context of a travel agent rather than merely describing them.

32 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 The correct answer is 26. The

1 candidate has misinterpreted this
part.

2 2 The candidate correctly

identifies the number of seats per
week from Fig. 3.
3 3 The correct answer is 4. The
candidate has misinterpreted this
part.

Mark awarded for (a) = 1 out of 3

4 The candidate correctly

4
describes one feature of business
class travel (‘their own section’), but
this description is not developed
enough to earn the second mark.
5
5 The candidate correctly
describes another feature of
6
business class travel (‘better
customer service’).

6 The candidate develops the

description of the feature by
considering the benefit to the
customer (‘more relaxing’).

Mark awarded for (b) = 3 out of 4

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 33

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

7 All three responses are vague

and lacking in relevance or
explanation.

Mark awarded for (c) = 0 out of 6

8 The candidate's first suggestion

is too vague. The customer benefit
7 explanation is also too vague. The
same type of training is given in 2,
where it is more specific, and is
awarded the marks there.
8
9 The candidate cites a specific
and valid type of training.

10 The candidate attempts to

explain the customer benefit so is
awarded a benefit-of-the-doubt
mark.
9
11 The candidate states a valid
10 training method. Although this is not
clearly worded, the candidate is
awarded a benefit-of-the-doubt
11 mark.

12 The candidate correctly

explains the benefit to customers.
12
Mark awarded for (d) = 4 out of 6

34 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

13 13 The candidate does not answer

the question. There is no method of
promotion identified, nor is there
valid analysis that is relevant to this
question.

Mark awarded for (e) = 0 out of 6

Total mark awarded =

8 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved the answer

(a) The candidate misunderstood this question. Candidates are advised to read questions carefully to ensure
that they extract the correct information from figures.

(b) For response 1, the candidate needed to develop their description, for example describing the benefit to
the customer of the feature.

(c) All three responses were too vague; the candidate needed to provide clear focus on the question in all
their responses. In this case, the question asked for the advantages to passengers of using hub airports for
international journeys.

(d) The candidate needed to be specific about each type of training, stating the overall type rather than
giving one aspect of the content. For example, facial expressions would form part of body language training.
When explaining the benefits to customers, candidates were advised to focus on the positives rather than
what could go wrong if the training was not in place. It is therefore better to say staff know how to be polite
and respectful towards the customer rather than customers will think it’s disrespectful.

(e) The candidate should have read the question more carefully to ensure that they were answering with the
right focus. In this case, the candidate needed to identify, analyse and evaluate methods of promotion used
by travel agencies.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

A few candidates were not specific enough, did not use the correct terminology or did not focus their
answers closely enough on the questions.

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 35

Paper 1

Question 4

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 The candidate states two

correct types of special interest
tourists (cultural and film).
However, historical is a repetition of
1 cultural.

Mark awarded for (a) = 2 out of 3

2 The candidate states a way

2 (‘transparent flaps’) that the tour
vehicle is suitable ’. Fig. 4 (Insert) is
used well.
3
3 The candidate provides an
4 excellent explanation of how the
5 transparent flaps make the tour
vehicles suitable for the climate.

4 The candidate identifies

another reason for the tour
vehicles’ suitability (open air).

5 The candidate provides an

excellent explanation of how this
open air vehicle is suitable for the
climate, focusing on the benefit to
the tourist.

Mark awarded for (b) = 4 out of 4

36 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

6 6 The candidate successfully

identifies education.

7 The candidate successfully

identifies encouraging respect.

8 The candidate explains the

7 socio-cultural impact well by
showing how it will impact on the
guest–host relationship.

8 Mark awarded for (c) = 3 out of 6

9 The candidate describes one

way locations have been made
accessible (cable cars on
9
mountains).

10 10 The candidate develops this

point by showing how cable cars
link to other methods of transport.
11
11 The candidate describes
another way = (hiking trails or
12 footpaths).
13
12 The candidate expands on their
last point.

14 13 The candidate describes

another way (viewing platforms).

14 The candidate expands the last

point by explaining their purpose.

Mark awarded for (d) = 6 out of 6

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 37

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

15 15 The candidate identifies and

describes a shopping centre in the
destination (Bangkok).

16 16 The candidate identifies other

shopping facilities (markets) in the
destination.
17
17 The candidate analyses the
markets well in terms of their
interest to tourists (local prices and
attractiveness).
18
18 The candidate offers further
analysis by considering the variety
of shopping facilities available in
the destination.

Mark awarded for (e) = 4 out of 6

Total mark awarded =

19 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved the answer

(a) Candidates needed to be aware of repetition in their answers; in this case, culture and history were
repetition.

(b) Both responses were well explained and relevant, but the candidate would have benefited from being
more concise.

(c) The candidate needed to link both points to the positive socio-cultural impact, and specifically how this
impact would benefit the host population and the tourists alike.

(d) All three ways were well explained and relevant.

(e) The response contained some good analysis and was focused, but it needed to include some evaluation
and conclusion to access the higher marks. Evaluation could have focused on the importance of the
shopping facilities or the role they have in attracting tourists or meeting tourists’ needs at the destination.

38 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 The candidate cites a valid type

of special interest tourist (film).
1
2 2 The candidate's response is
vague and does not identify a valid
3 type of special interest tourist.

3 The candidate correctly cites a

type of special interest tourist
(historical). Although this is not
expressed clearly, the candidate
was awarded a benefit-of-the-doubt
4 mark.

Mark awarded for (a) = 2 out of 3

4 The candidate's response does

not answer the question.

5 The candidate's response is

vague and not creditworthy.
5
Mark awarded for (b) = 0 out of 4

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 39

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

6 The candidate identifies the

positive socio-cultural impact of
education.

7 The candidate develops the

6 response to explain how education
will have a positive social and
cultural impact.
7
8 The beginning of this repeats
the point about education (‘explain
their traditions and culture’).
8
9 The candidate identifies
another positive socio-cultural
impact here (‘conserve traditional
9 ways’).

Mark awarded for (c) = 3 out of 6

10 The candidate cites one way

(ski lifts) and explains their
purpose.

10 11 The candidate describes a valid

way (footpaths) but does not
develop it enough to earn a second
mark.

12 The candidate's response is too

11 vague here.

Mark awarded for (d) = 3 out of 6

12

40 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

13 The candidate identifies a valid

shopping facility (supermarkets) in
the chosen destination of
13 Capetown.
6 14
14 The candidate identifies a
further valid shopping facility.

15 The candidate develops the

response by analysing the range of
shopping facilities and their benefits
15 to the tourist.

16 Here the candidate looks at

how the facilities meet the needs of
tourists.
16 Mark awarded for (e) = 4 out 6

Total mark awarded =

12 out of 25

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 41

Paper 1

How the candidate could have improved the answer

(a) The candidate needed to be more specific when naming tourist types, although they have been given the
benefit of the doubt here. Candidates are advised to be precise and use the correct terminology.

(b) In response 1, the candidate has misinterpreted the question and is describing the climate not the
vehicle.

(c) Candidates are advised to carefully read questions, use the Fig in the insert where applicable and
consider the context of the question before answering. In this part there were 2 elements of context that the
candidate needs within their response, that of the vehicle and the climate.

In response 2 the response is vague; to improve this, the candidate needs to explain how exactly the
vehicles are equipped to deal with the climate, for example transparent flaps to be used during a dust storm.

(d) All three points here would have benefited from being more concise. In response 1, the candidate
described the need well, but it was not until the end of the answer that they actually included a valid way (ski-
lifts). Candidates should state the way at the start so that the remainder of their response is focused and
relevant and earns the full marks available.

In response 2, the candidate has identified a valid way but only included it at the end, leaving the remainder
of the response unfocused and irrelevant, and losing any further marks.

Response 3 was too vague to be creditworthy; here the candidate should have identified a valid way
(helicopter landing pad) which would have earned a mark.

(e) The candidate’s response was unfocused at the start (first 7 lines) and merely described the destination.
Candidates were not required simply to describe a destination but to discuss the range of shopping facilities
in the destination. The response was awarded Level 2 marks for analysis, however the candidate lost focus
towards the end. In order to achieve Level 3 marks the candidate needed to include relevant and focused
evaluation and conclusions.

42 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 The candidate correctly cites a

type of special interest tourist
(culture).
1
2 The candidate's response for
2
(a) 3 repeats the answer for (a) 2
(culture and history).

Mark awarded for (a) = 1 out of 3

3
3 The candidate correctly
identifies a way (large transparent
flaps).
4

4 The candidate explains how the

flaps are used.
5
5 The candidate's response is
incorrect: the vehicles in Fig. 4 are
open-air vehicles, not air-
conditioned vehicles.

Mark awarded for (b) = 2 out of 4

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 43

Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

6 The candidate's response

identifies the positive social and
6 cultural impact of education.
However, this is not developed.

7 The candidate's response is

vague and unfocused.
7

Mark awarded for (c) = 1 out of 6

8 The candidate's responses are

all vague and unfocused.
8
Mark awarded for (d) = 0 out of 6

44 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

 Paper 1

Example Candidate Response – low (continued) Examiner comments

9 9 The candidate correctly

identifies a shopping facility.

10 The candidate offers some

analysis that is relevant to the
chosen example.
10
Mark awarded for (e) = 3 out of 6

Total mark awarded =

7out of 25

Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 45

Paper 1

How the candidate could have improved the answer

(a) This candidate was not precise enough, did not use the correct terminology and repeated their answers
to 2 and 3.

(b) Candidates are advised to use the figures as indicated in the questions. This candidate failed to use only
the information from Fig. 4 in their answer for 2.

(c) The candidate’s response in point 1 was not developed; to improve, they needed to explain more about
the impact they had identified, for example how exactly this had a positive effect. The answer in point 2 did
not use the information in Fig. 4.

(d) All three answers lacked relevance. The candidate needed to focus their answers on the question and to
describe specific features, for example roads, footpaths, viewing platforms.

(e) The candidate included some limited analysis; to improve they needed to analyse further the importance
of the shopping facilities, rather than the destination, and then evaluate or draw a conclusion.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

Candidates should have used the information in Fig. 4 correctly and followed the instructions in the questions
more carefully. Practice with past papers would help with this.

46 Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471

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