Scribd
Upload
2 views3 pages

dlcaas2

The document discusses the primary purpose of memory in computer systems, which is to store data and instructions for quick access by the processor. It explains cache memory as a high-speed memory that improves performance by storing frequently accessed data, detailing its characteristics, working principles, and types. Additionally, it lists various addressing modes used in x86 architecture, providing brief descriptions and examples for each mode.

Uploaded by

rajusuguna879
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views3 pages

dlcaas2

The document discusses the primary purpose of memory in computer systems, which is to store data and instructions for quick access by the processor. It explains cache memory as a high-speed memory that improves performance by storing frequently accessed data, detailing its characteristics, working principles, and types. Additionally, it lists various addressing modes used in x86 architecture, providing brief descriptions and examples for each mode.

Uploaded by

rajusuguna879
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Assignment -2

Name:Devika

Rollno:23691A2831

CstA

1) What is the primary purpose of memory in a computer system?

A)The primary purpose of memory in a computer system is to store data


and instructions temporarily or permanently so that the processor can
access them quickly for execution. Memory allows the computer to store:

Instructions: Programs and operating system commands.

Data: Variables, user inputs, and intermediate results of calculations.

Memory plays a crucial role in ensuring smooth and efficient operation by


bridging the speed gap between the processor and other storage devices.

2. What is cache memory? Explain in detail about cache memory?

A)Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located close to the CPU.


Its main function is to store frequently accessed data and instructions so
the CPU can retrieve them more quickly than from the main memory
(RAM).

Detailed Explanation:

1. Purpose:

Cache memory reduces latency by providing the processor with


immediate access to frequently used data, improving overall system
performance.

2. Characteristics:

Faster than RAM but smaller in size.


Organized in levels (L1, L2, L3), each closer to the processor core but
slower and larger as you move to higher levels.

3. Working Principle:

Hit: If the CPU finds the required data in the cache, it’s called a “cache
hit,” and data is fetched quickly.

Miss: If the required data isn’t in the cache, it’s called a “cache miss,” and
the CPU fetches it from the main memory, which is slower.

4. Types of Cache Memory:

L1 Cache (Level 1): Closest to the CPU, smallest in size, fastest.

L2 Cache (Level 2): Larger than L1, slightly slower, located between L1
and CPU cores.

L3 Cache (Level 3): Shared among multiple cores, larger but slower than
L1 and L2.

5. Replacement Policies:

When the cache is full, replacement policies determine which data to


evict:

LRU (Least Recently Used)

FIFO (First In, First Out)

Random Replacement

3. List and briefly describe the different addressing modes used in the
x86 architecture?

A) Addressing modes define how the CPU identifies the location of


operands. In x86 architecture, several addressing modes are used:

1. Immediate Addressing

The operand is directly specified in the instruction.

Example: MOV AX, 5 (Move the value 5 into AX).

2. Register Addressing
The operand is in a register.

Example: MOV AX, BX (Move the value in BX to AX).

3. Direct Addressing

The address of the operand is specified explicitly.

Example: MOV AX, [1234h] (Move the value at memory address 1234h to
AX).

4. Indirect Addressing

The memory address of the operand is stored in a register.

Example: MOV AX, [BX] (Move the value at the address stored in BX to
AX).

5. Indexed Addressing

Combines a base address and an index register.

Example: MOV AX, [BX + SI] (Move the value from the memory location
determined by BX + SI to AX).

6. Base-Indexed Addressing

Combines a base register, an index register, and a displacement.

Example: MOV AX, [BX + SI + 10] (Move the value from BX + SI + 10 to


AX).

7. Relative Addressing

The operand is specified relative to the instruction pointer (IP).

Example: JMP label (Jump to a location relative to the current IP).

8. Segment-Based Addressing

Uses segment registers (CS, DS, ES, SS) to specify a segment and offset.

Example: MOV AX, DS:[BX] (Move the value in the memory segment
pointed by DS and offset in BX to AX).

These modes provide flexibility and efficiency in program execution.

You might also like