B.

TECH FIRST YEAR

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023-2024

Course name: Engineering Materials and Mechanics

COURSE CODE : CV1001
MODULE NO : 05
CREDITS : 04
MODE OF DELIVERY : OFFLINE
FACULTY : DR. SOURAV KUMAR DAS
EMAIL-ID : [email protected]
DATE OF DELIVERY : Jan-May 2024

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Topics to be covered

• Calculation of Shear Force and Bending Moment for cantilever beam

• Calculation of Shear Force and Bending Moment for simply supported beam
• Drawing Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

Relevant Course Outcome

The students will be able to:

• Interpret between various types of surveying methods, instruments and practices for civil
engineering projects.

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 Shear Force and Bending Moment

Shear Force and Bending Moment are examples of internal forces that are induced in a structure when
loads are applied to that structure

Shear Force, Image: textbook.com Bending Moment, Image: textbook.com

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Different types of supports

• Provide resistance to vertical forces only.

• Degree of Freedom = 2 (Non-resistive to horizontal force and rotation)

• Provide resistance to vertical and horizontal forces.

• Degree of Freedom = 1 (Non-resistive to rotation)

• Provide resistance to vertical and horizontal forces and rotation.

• Degree of Freedom = 0

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 Sign convention

Positive Shear Force (SF) Positive Bending Moment (BM)

Upward forces are taken as (+ve) Anti-clockwise moments are taken as
shear force. (+ve) BM

Negative Shear Force (SF) Negative Bending Moment (BM)

Downward forces are taken as (-ve) Clockwise moments are taken as (-ve)
shear force BM

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 Different types of loads

Loading Pattern
Name Shear Force Diagram Bending Moment Diagram
(Simply Supported Beam)
𝑃
𝑃𝑙
2 𝑃
Point Load (PL) 4
2

Straight Linear

𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙 2
Uniformly
Distributed Load 2
𝑤𝑙 8
(UDL) 2
Linear Square Parabola

𝑤𝑙
𝑤𝑙2
Uniformly 3
𝑤𝑙 9√3
Varying Load
3
(UVL)
Square Parabola Cubic Parabola
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L = Length of the beam, w = load per unit length
 Different types of loads

Loading Pattern
Name Shear Force Diagram Bending Moment Diagram
(Cantilever Beam)

Point Load (PL) 𝑊 𝑊𝑙

Straight Linear

Uniformly 𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙 2
Distributed Load 2
(UDL)
Linear Square Parabola

Uniformly 𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙2
Varying Load 2 6
(UVL)
Square Parabola Cubic Parabola
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l = Length of the beam, w = load per unit length
 Numerical Problems Cantilever Beams
with Point Load
Solution:

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 Slide for Board Work

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Monday, 09 December 2024
 Numerical Problems Cantilever Beams
with UDL
Solution:

SF at B, FB = 0 kN
C, FC = 1.5 kN
A, FA = 1.5 kN

BM at B, MB = 0 kNm
C, MC = (1 × 1.5 × (1.5/2)) = 1.125 kNm
A, MA = (1 × 1.5 × ((1.5/2)+0.5) =1.875 kNm

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 Slide for Board Work

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Monday, 09 December 2024
 Numerical Problems Cantilever Beams
with UVL
Problem:
A cantilever of length 4 m carries a UVL, zero at the free end to 2 kN/m at the fixed end. Draw the SF and BM
diagram.

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 Slide for Board Work

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Monday, 09 December 2024
 Numerical Problems

Cantilever Beams
1. A cantilever of length 2m carries a UDL of 3 kN/m. Draw the SF and BM diagram.

2. A cantilever 6m long carries load of 30, 70, 40 and 60 kN at a distance of 0, 0.6, 1.5 and 2m respectively from the
free end. Draw the SF and BM diagram for the cantilever.

3. A cantilever of length 4m carries a UDL of 3 kN/m run over the whole length and two point loads of 4 kN and 2.5 kN
are placed 1m and 2m respectively from the fixed end. Draw the SF and BM diagram.

4. A cantilever of length 4m carries a gradually increasing load, zero at the free end to 2kN/m at the fixed end. Draw
the SF and BM diagrams for the cantilever.

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 SS Beams with Point Load

Step 1: Calculation of the reactions

ΣH = 0 4 kN 10 kN 7 kN
ΣV = 0
Ra+ Rb= 4+10+7; Ra+ Rb= 21KN; A E D C B
ΣMa =0, Rb(8)-7(6)-10(4)-4(1.5)=0
1.5 m 2.5 m 2.0 m 2.0 m
Rb = 11 KN ; Ra = 10 KN

Step 2: Calculation of shear force

Shear force at point B = -11KN
Shear force at point C = -11+ 7= -4KN
Shear force at point D =-11+ 7+10 = 6KN
Shear force at point E = -11+ 7+10+4 = 10KN
Shear force at point A =10KN

Step 3: Calculation of Bending Moment

Bending Moment at point B = 0 KN-m
Bending Moment at point C = (11X2)= 22 KN-m
Bending Moment at point D = (11X4)-(7X2)=30 KN-m
Bending Moment at point E = (11X6.5)-(7X4.5)-(10X2.5) = 15 KN-m
Bending Moment at fixed point A =
(11X8)-(7X6)-(10X4)-(4X1.5) = 0 KN-m
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 Slide for Board Work

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Monday, 09 December 2024
 SS Beams with Point Load

Step 1: Calculation of the reactions

ΣH = 0 2 kN 5 kN 4 kN
ΣV = 0
Ra+ Rb= 2+5+4; Ra+ Rb= 11KN; A C D E B
ΣMa =0, Rb(6)-4(4.5)-5(3)-2(1.5)=0
1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m
Rb = 6 KN ; Ra = 5 KN

Step 2: Calculation of shear force

Shear force at point B = -6 KN
Shear force at point E = -6 + 4 = -2 KN
Shear force at point D = -6+4+5 = 3 KN
Shear force at point C = -6+4+5+2 = 5 KN
Shear force at point A = 5 KN

Step 3: Calculation of Bending Moment

Bending Moment at point B = 0 KN-m
Bending Moment at point E = (6X1.5) = 9 KN-m
Bending Moment at point D = (6X3)-(4X1.5) = 12 KN-m
Bending Moment at point C = (6X4.5)-(4X3)-(5X1.5) = 7.5 KN-m
Bending Moment at fixed point A =
(6X6)-(4X4.5)-(5X3)-(2X1.5) = 0 KN-m
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 Slide for Board Work

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Monday, 09 December 2024
 SS Beams with UDL
Numerical Problems

Problem:

Taking moments of the forces about A, we get

RB x 9 = 10 x 6 x (6/2) = 180 ; RB = 20 kN
RA = (Total downward load – RB) = RA = 40 kN

Considering any section ‘x’ from A in between A & C we get

Fx = RA – 10x

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 SS Beams with UDL
Numerical Problems

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 Slide for Board Work

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Monday, 09 December 2024
 SS Beams with UVL
Numerical Problems

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 Slide for Board Work

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Monday, 09 December 2024
 SS Beams with UVL
Numerical Problems

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 SS Beams with UVL
Numerical Problems

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 Numerical Problems

Simply Supported Beam

1. Draw the SF and BM diagrams for a simply supported beam of length L carrying a uniformly distributed load ‘w’ per
unit length which occurs across the whole beam.
2. A simply supported beam is subjected to a combination of loads as shown in Fig. 1. Sketch the shear force and
bending moment diagrams and find the position and magnitude of maximum bending moment.
3. A simply supported beam is subjected to a combination of loads as shown in Fig. 2. Sketch the shear force and
bending moment diagrams.
4. A SS beam has a span of 9 m and carries a UDL of 20 kN/m over the whole span along with two PL of 30 kN and 40 kN
at 6m and 7.5m respectively from the left-hand support. Draw the SF ad BM diagrams.
5. A 12 m long beam SS at the ends carries a PL of 40 kN at 3m from the left end and a UDL of 10 kN/m on the right half
of the span. Draw the SF and BM diagrams.

Fig. 1 Fig. 2
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 Online SFD and BMD Calculators

Links for better understanding and practice of Sear Force and Bending Moment calculations:

• https://beamguru.com/online/beam-calculator/
• https://skyciv.com/free-beam-calculator/
• https://clearcalcs.com/freetools/beam-analysis/au
• https://optimalbeam.com/beam-calculator.php

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