Your Roll Number:

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, UNIVERSITÝ OF DELHI

M.A./M.Se. Mathematics Examinations, Nov-Dec 2019
Part I Semester I
MMATH18-102: Complex Analysis
Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70
Instructions: Write your roll number on the space provided at the top
of this page immediately on receipt of this question paper 'Section A
(Question No. 1) is compulsory. Attempt any Two from Section B and
any Two from Section C.

Section A
(Compulsory)
(1) (a) Let G be a region and suppose that f: G C is analytic such
that f(G) is a subset of a circle. Show that f is a constant. 3 Marks]
(b) Evaluate d z , where (t) =et (0 <t< 2m). 3 Marks
(c) Write down Laurent Series Development for functions analytic
on ann(a; Ri, R2),0< Ri < Ra. Classify the three types of
isolated singuleritics using the series. 3 Marks
(d) Show that the condition of boundedness for the set in Maximum
Modulus Theorem for analytic functions on a bounded open set
cannot be relaxed. 3 Marks
(e) Does iiere exist au analytic function f: D D with f() =
and f'() = - ? Justify. Here D = {z: |2| < 1}. 2 Marks
Section B
(Answer any TWO questions)

(2) (a) Show that the cross-ratio of four distinct points in Co is a real
number if and only if all the four points lie on a circle. 6 Marks
(b) Determine an analytic function which maps the lower half plane
G= {z: Imz < 0} onto the unit disk D. 5 Marks]
(c) Find fixed points of dilation, translation and inversion in Coo 3 Marks
(3) (a) Let f: G - C be analytic and suppose B(a; R) C G. If
(t) = a + Ret,0 27, prove that f(2) = dw
2T
for |z al< R. 6 Marks
(b) Let G be a region and f: G C be analytic. Prove that
z E G : f(:) = 0} has a limit point in G if and only if f is the
zero function., [5 Marks
(c) State any three properties of simply connected region. 3 Marks

Shoi on OncPlus
BN
 MMATH18-102:Complex Analysis

f(a). If f(z) a 0 =
-

is analytic in B(a; R) and a

=

(4) (a) Suppose f that there a r e constants

has a zero of order m at z a, prove
=

the equation f(z) 5

e 0 and 6 > 0 such that if E E B(a;),
=

has exactly m simple roots in B(a; ¬). 6 Marks

(b) If y is a closed rectifiable curve in G such thhat y
0 (7 is
0 for all w EC\ G. Is
homotopic to zero), show that n(y;w)
=

the converse true? Justify. 5 Marks

(c) Evaluate d z , where is the circle |a| = 2 3 Marks
Section C
(Answer any TWO questions)

(5) (a) Show that isolated singularity of f at z = a is a removable sin-

gularity if and only if lim(z - a)f(E) = 0. 6 Marks
(b) Let j has essential singularity at z = a, prove that, for every
0 the set flann(a; 0,6)] is dense in C. 5 Marks
(c) What is Laurent expansion of f(z) = z'sin- in the annulus

ann(0;0, 1)? Find the residue Res(f;0). 3 Marks

(6) (a) Evaluate

+ 6 Marks
(b) State and prove Rouche's Theorem for two meromorphic func-
tionsf and g, each defined on a region G containing B(a: R)
with no zeros or poles on the circle y {: |z al R}.
= -
=
5 Marks
(c) Suppose f is analytic on a region containinig B(a; R) and f satis-
fies f()| <1 for |z| = 1. Find the number of solutions (counting
multiplicities) of the equation f(2) = z", where n is a natural
number. 3 Marks
(7) (a) Let f be a function analytic on a region G such that lim sup |f(:)| S
M for all a E &G. Prove that |f(:)) M for all z ¬ G. 6 Marks
(b) State and prove Schwarz's Lemma for analytic function f defined
on theunit disk D with f(0) = 0 and |f(z) 1 for z e D. 5 Marks
() For lal <l prove that the function o. = maps D onto D
in one-one fashion and that pa maps OD onto 3 Marks
itsclf.

Shot on OnePlus
ByKU
 Your Roll Number;1+1+005 Py
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, UNIVERSITY OF DELHI
M.A./M.Sc. Mathematics Examinations, December 2017
Part I Semester II
MATH14-102: COMPLEX ANALYSIS
Tinne: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70
Instructions: Write your roll number on the space provided at the top
of this pagge
immediately on receipt of this question paper. Answer 2 questions from Sectioñ A,
3 questions from Section B and 2 questjons from Section C.

Section A
(Answer any two questions)
X(1) (a) Give an example to show that if G is an unbounded open set, then even if f is 2
analytic in G and continuous in G, theequality sup{|f(z)|:z E G} = sup{|f(2)} :
zE OG} may not hold.
(b) What is a fixed point? How many fixed points can a Mobius transformation have?
Explain. If z2, z3, z4 are distinct points in Coo and w2, w3, w4 are also distinct
5
points in Co, then show that there is one and only one Mobius transformation
S such that Szj = wi, i = 2, 3, 4.

(c) Justify the statement: The function u(r, y) = (1/2) log(r" +y) is harmonic on
13
G = C\ {O} and has a harmonic conjugate.

2 (Is, there analytic function f on B(0;1) such that |f(=)}

an < 1 for
lz|<1, f(0) =
(2
P(0) =? If so, find such an
Let z1, z2, Z3, z4 be four distinct points in Coo Suppose that for any mobius
transformation T, T (R%) is a circle. Show that (z1, 2, Z3, 34) is a real number
3
if and only if all four points lie on a circle.

(e) Let G be a region in C and f an analytic function on G. Suppose there is a

constant M such that lim,-suplf(z)| M for all a e ôG. Then prove that
5
fE M for all z in G.
(3) (a) Let G be an open connected set such that 0¢G and let f be branch of logz on 4
G. What is the totality of branches of logz? Justify your claim.
)Using Open Mapping theorem, prove that if f is an analytic,function in a region 3
Cand a EG satisfies |f(z)| If(a)| for all z E G, then f must be a constant.

I f Tz = (az +6)/(cz + d) show that T(R) = Roo if and only if we can choose 13
a, 6, C, d to be real numbers.
Section B
(Answer any three questions)

4 )Suppose f is analytic in a region G and there is a zo ¬ Such that fzo

0Vn 0. Show that f = 0. Give an example to show that the hypothesis ot
connectedness of G cannot be dropped.
Let o, 7 0,11Gbe two closed rectifiable curves in G. When is o homotopic'
to ? If y is a closed rectifiable curve im G which is homotopic to a consta
0 for all inC\G. Does the converse hold? Justify.
Shot o
w
e)ranf u) =
 MATH14-102 COMPLEX ANALYS

p y S 7 M E
constant M and R > 0
and an 4
there is a is a polynomia!
function and
suppose
R. Show that f
(a) Let f bean
entire M|z/" for |z|>
|f(2)| <
. ,
21 such that
integern that
of degree n . . Then prove
analytic and f(G) =

G + C is one one
where w
=
f(z).
(0)Suppose f and (f-)Y(w) [f(:)]= =

3
:Q> C is analytic
Define : G xG Cby
G.
Cbe analytic in an open set f(z). Show that y is
C)Letf: G p(2,2)
=

if # w and
f(uw))/(z -
-

w) z

P ,w)=(f(2) and for each fixed w E G, z p[z,w) is analytic.

continuous

J,(z
-

a) "dz. 3
in C, a g {7} and n e Z, evaluate
For closed rectifiable curve
6) a) a
5
n(z-a)" for |z-al<
B(a;R); then show that f(z) e
=

B) Letf be analytic in .
a) and this series has radius of convergence2
R where an=

and g are analytic on a region G then prove that f = g

if and oniy if
12
It f
z EG: f(z) =g(2)} has a limit point in G.

Ka) Define analytic function. Let G be an open set and f:G>C

be differentiable 6
function, then show that f is analytic on G.

6 Define the index n(y;a) of a

a .
closed rectifiable curve
Prove that the index n(ya) is always an integer for smooth curve y.
with respect to a point
[4
Section C
(Answer any two questions
x(8 (a) Let f be analytic in the region G except ior the isolated singularities a1, a2,. ,an
If is a closed rectifiable curve in G which'does not pass through any of the points
a and if 0 in G then show that J, f(2]dz = L=1 n(y;ax)Res(f; ak).

(6) Show that cOSar T(a +1)efa>0.

(1+2)2 ar
=

Jo

9 Let f: G C be a meromorphic function. Then show that poles of f cannot

have limit point in G.
3
(b)Evaluate Jo (logr)/(1+z)ds.
F i n d the Laurent expansion of f{:) = 1/(2(z - 1)(2-2)) valid in the annulus
2
ann(0;1,2).
(10. () Prove that an isolated singularity at a point z = a of a function f is a removable
singularity if and only if lim,-a(z - a)f(z) = 0.
4
6) Suppose f and g are meropmorphic in a neighbourhood of B(a; R) with no zeros [6
(poles) of f and g on y = {z: |z-al = R}. If Z, Z,P. P,) are the number of
zeros (poles) of f and g inside y counted according to their multiplicity and if
f)+9(=}1 < fl:]+lo(>
on 7, then show that Z - P = 2g - P. Using this result show that polynomial
of degree n with complex coefficients has exactly n zeros in C.

Shoi on OnePus '

 Your Roll Number:

DEPARTMENT OP MATHEMATICS, UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

M.A./M.Sc. Mathematics Exanminations, November-Decembor 2016
Part I Semester I
C
MATH14-102: COMPLEX ANAYSIS

Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

Instructions: Write your roll number on the space provided at the top
of this page immediately on receipt of this question paper Answer sia
(6) questions in all, choosing four (4) from Section-A and tuwo (2) fro
Section-B.

Section A
(Answer any four (4) questions. Each question carries 11l marks.)
(1) (a) Suppose f : G Cis analytic and G is connected such that. [3 Marks
f(z) is real for all z in G. Show that f is constant. What happen
if G is not connected?
(b) Define cross ratio of four numbers in the extended complex plane.
5 Marks]
Show that a Mobius transformation preserves the cross ratio.
az +
(c) If T(z) = f i n d 22, 3, Z4 in terms of a, b, c, d such that
Cz+d 3 Marks
T(z) = (z, 22, 23, 2a).

(2) (a) Let f G C be analytic and suppose B(a; r) c G (r > 0). 7 Marks
If( t ) =a+ re",0<t< 2T, then for |z - al <r show that

(6) If p{z) is a non constant polynomial, then show that there is a

4 Marks
complex number a with p(a) = 0.

(3) (a) Let 7 be a closed rectifiable curve in C. Show that n(7% a) is a 7 Marks]
constant for a belonging to a component of G =C\{7} and that
n(7, a) = 0 for a in the unbounded component of G.

(b) Let be a closed rectifiable curve in G which is homotopic to 4 Marks]

ero. Show that n(7;u) = 0 fot every w in C\ G. Does the
converse hold? Justify.

(4) (a) Let G be simply connected and f:G> C be a non vanishing 4 Marks
analytic function. Show that there is analytic branch of log f(:)
on G.

(b) Suppose f is analytic in B(a; R) such that f(2) - fla) has a zero (7 Marks
offorder m at z = a. Show that there is ane>0 and8> 0 such

that for | - f(a)] < óthe equation f(:) < has simple roots
=

in B(a;e) and hence deduce the Open Mapping Theorem.

m

Slhot
By Ku
on Onelus
 MATH14-102:COMPLEX ANALYSIS

Oa) Let f be analytic in Bla: R). Show th¡t a .is a zero of j ot 4 Marks]
1 and
if and only if f(R) (a) = 0 for k 0, 1,., m
phcity m

fm) (a) # 0.
(b) State and prove Goursat Theorem. (7 Marks]

(6) (a) State the three types of isolated singularitjes giving one example 5 Marks
oI each. Suppose z a is an isolated singularity of f. How
=
does

Laurent series of f in ann(a; 0, R) classify the singularities

(b) State and prove Casorati- Weierstrass Theorem. 6 Marks

Section B
(Answer any (2) questions. Each question carries 13 marks.)

(7) (a) What do you mean by residue of a function f at a point a ?. 3 Marks)

Determine residue of the function f(z) = 2e*/z4 at z = 0.

(b) Evaluate the integral [10 Marks

c sin

(8) (a) State Argument Principle. 2 Marks

(b) Suppose f and g are meromorphic in a neighbourhood of B(a; R) 5 Marks
with no zeros or poles on the circle 7 {z : |z al
=
R}. -
=

If ZZg (Pr,Pg) are the number of zeros (poles) of f and g

inside y counted according to multiplicities and if |f(:) - g(z)| <
f()| +l9g(z)| on 7, then show that
Z-P=2,-P
(c) Let G be a bounded open set in the complex plane and suppose 6 Marks
fis continuous on G and analytic on G. Show that maximum
value of If(2)| för | in G occurs when z is on the boundary of
G. What happen when G is not bounded?

(9) (a) Let G be a region and suppose that f: G C is analytic and 4 Marks]
a E G be such that |f(a)| <
either f(a) = 0 or f is a constant.
|f()|
for allz in G. Show that
(b) State Schwarz's Lemma. [2 Marks]
(c) Let D be the open unit disk {z : al < 1}. -Let f : D D 7 Marks]
be analytic. For a e
D deduce the maximum possible value for
f (a). Is it possible to have an analytic function f on D into
D such that f() =j and f(i) =
?

Slaot on OnePlus
 M.A./M.Sc.(Mathematics)
MATH14-102(Dec 2015), COMPLEX ANALYSIS
Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 70
Section II
Attempt any two questions:

1(a). Show that a branch of the.logarithm function is

analytic and its derivative is z 41
(b) Iffis
analytic in
domain D containing Zo , and
a
if f (Z%)* 0, then show that w=f(z) is conformal
mapping at Z, . Find the points where the function f(z) = z^t is not conformal.
[4+2]
2(a). If z2,Z3, Z4 are distinct points and T is any Mobius transformation then show that

(Z122,Z3 Z4) = (T21, TZ2, TZ3, Tz4) for any Z1.

Ab) Construct a Mobius transformation that maps point 1, i and -I on the unit
circle z| =1 onto the
-1,0, 1 on the real axis. Determine the image points
of the interior |z| <1 under this transformation. [3+2]
3(a). If z and z* are symmetric with respect to a circle C with center a and radius r, then

show that (z* -a) ( } -) =

r4 4
f two points z and z* are symmetric with respect to a circle C then show that for any Mobius
transformation T, T(z) and T(z*) are symmetric with respect to the circle
T(C) .

[3]
(c) If T is a Mobius transformation with iixed points z/ and z2 and S is a Mobius transformation show
that S-1TS has fixed points.S1z and
S-'z2 (3]
Section II

Attempt any three questions:

4(a)-Let y be a rectifiable curve in C and suppose that F, Fn, n=1, 2,3 ... are continuous function on
{Y}
If If F, converges to F uniformly on {y}, show that J, F lim J, F
=

2
b ) State and prove Liouville's Theorem.

(c) Let fbe an entire function and suppose there are constants M and R>0 such that |f(z)| $ M |Z"
for lz
>R .Show that fis a polynomial of
degree.less than or equal to 4. [3]
5(a). If y is any closed rectifiable curve on an open subset G and f: G> C is analyti such that n(y ; w) =
0 for all we C~G, then show that

ny: a)f(a) =
for a in G~ {y

Let fbe analytic on B(0,1) and supposethat fz)] sI for|a <1.Show that f"(0) « 1. (3

Shot on CincPlus
ByKU
 (a). Evaluate Jjz-il=3 (2-20)
(b) Show that in a simply connected region, J, f =
0 for every closed rectifiable curve y and every
analytic function f.
[4]
(c) Define star shaped set. Show that each star shaped set is connected.
[21
7(a). State and prove open mapping theorem for analytic functions.
bIf fis analytic on a region G with zeroes a, a2, ag, . .

.am (counted according to multiplicity), then

show that

27ti'y

where y is a closed rectifiable curve in G which does not pass through any point ak and y 0. (3]
() Evaluate , 32*22 dz wherey is the circle |z|=F2.
(2
Section III
Attempt any two questiods:

8(a) If f has an isolated singularity at 'a' then show that the

point z= a is a removable singularity of f if
and only if limz-a(z - a)f(z) =0.
[6]
(b) Find the nature of the singular points of the function f(Z)sin(2-1-1)'
4
9a) State and prove Casorati-Weierstrass Theorem.
[S]
(b) Evaluate (x?+1)(2+9) dx
10(a) If |o <1 then Oaz) = -77 is one -one map of D={ z: z]<1} onto itself. Show that

(i) (Oa)= 9-a

(i) Pa maps OD to, OD
Cii) a)=
Civ) o (0) =1- la? [6]
(b) If D-{ z: |z<1} and f:D--D is any analytic function, then using Schwarz lemmashowthat|

fa) s for ae D. [41

Slhot e OnePus
B KU
 M.A/M.Sc./Mathematics/ Sem I,
November/December2014
Paper Math14-102, Complex Analysis
Time 3 iours Maximum Marks : 70

Attempt seven questiorns in all choosing any two questions from Section 1, three
questions from Section ll and two questions from Section III. All notations are standard.

Section I to

(1) (Define branch of logarith1n. If Ge C is opeu and counected and f is a

branch of log z on G then show that the totality of branches of log z are the
functions f(z) +2mki, k e Z.
(b) State and prove Schwarz's Lemma.
(2) (a) Let f : G>C be analytic then prove thatf preserves angles at each point
of G where f(zo) # 0.
zo
() Suppose f is aalytic ini a region G C C and there is a coustant M >0 such
3
that limsup ( ) s M, Va e 8G. Show that |f(F) M, Vz E G. [4]
(c) If Tz = then show that T(R) = Roo iff we can choose a, b, c, d to be
C2+d
real numbers with ad - bc #0.
3)
(3) (a) Let G be a bounded open set in C and f be a continuous function on G*
which is analytic in G. Prove that
max{|f(z)|: 2 ¬ G} = max{If(Z)|: z ¬ OG).
b ) Show that if la|<1 then pa(z) = i s a one-one map of D = {z: |z|< 1}
onto itself; the inverse of
P is (p-u. Futhermore, show that Pa maps ÖD
onto D , Pala) =0, e.(0)= 1 - lal? and .(a) = (1 - JalP)-1
S t a t e and prove orientation principle.

Section II

(4) (Let f:G-C be analytic ànd

(t)= a+ re", 0 t 2
suppose B(a,) CC(r>0). IE
then prove that

f()= 27Ti J w-.

du, for la -al r
4
IE (t) = 1+e, 0 27,then evaluate
lo8d
2
L e t y be a closed rectifiable curve in C. Show that the index n(7; a) is a
constant for a belonging to a component of C\ { 41
(5)(a) Let G bea region and let f be an analytic function on G with zeros
a1,2 , an (repeated according to ultiplicity). If y is a closecd rectifiable
curve in G which does not pass through auy poiit as aud if y z 0 then show
that

k=l|

4)

Shot on S
ByK
 (b) If y is a closed rectifiable curve iu G such tlhat n(y: u:) =0 for ali w EC
then is it true that y~0? Justify.
(c) Prove that a differentiable functionf: G C is analytic on G where G is
2
an open set.
(G)JA) Pfove that if f is a bounded entire function then f is constant.
4
3
( I f G is simply connected region and f:G>C is analytic in G then show
that f has a primitive in G.
14
Suppose f is analytic in a region G C C and the set {: E G: f(:) = 0} has
a limit pojnt in G then prove that there is a point a E G such that
f(a) = 0, Vn 2 0.

Let G be a region and suppose f: G-C is analytic and a EG such thatay

3
f(a) < f(:)|. Vz e G. Show that either flo) = 0 or f is constant.
L e t G be an open set,which is a-star shaped and 7o is the curve which is
constantly equal to a. Prove that every closed rectifiable curve in G is
homotopic to o.
2
(cTrue or false: If G be a region and f: G-> C is a continuous function such
that Jr s =0 for every
triangular path T in G; then f is analytic in G.
Justify.
5)
Section III
(8) (a) Let f be analytic in the region G except for the isolated singularities
a1,a2,. , an li y is a closed rectifiable curve in G which does not
through any of the points a, and. if 0 in G then
pass
that prove

2r n(ra,)Res(f: a).
k=l

(b) Prove that 4

(olog
1+2dt = 0.

(9) (a) Using residue theorem evaluate

a+cos6)2 where a>1

(b) If f has an essential singularity at z = a then show that for every
5
.>0, {flanu(a;.0,,5)}}=C.
(10) (a) Suppose f and g are meromorphic in a neighborhood of B(a; R) with no 5
zeros or poles on
the circle y= {z : |z a R}. If
number of zeros (poles) of f and inside counted Z, Z, (P, P)
-
=
are
the
multiplicities and if
g 7 according to their

S)+9(2)] < \f(E)]+ 19(=)

on , then show that
Z- P Z,- Pg
(b) Let
4
f(:)-Give the Laurent expansion of f(:) in the
=

annuli:
) ann(0;0.1); (i) ann(0; 2, oo) 4
Define isolated singularity and explain by an exainple.

SIhoi o OnePlu
. b
 TRC
811450037

M.A/M.Sc./Mathematics/
Paper
Sem I, 2013
Math-101, Complex Analysis
Time 3 hours
laximum Marks 70
Attempt seven questions in all
choosing any two questions from Section three
questions from Section II and two questions from Section III. 1,

Section I

(1) (a) State orientation prineiple for Mobius

analytic function f :G>C, where transfornnations. Use it 10 fiud an

(C) D {z : |al< 1).

= =
G {z: Rez > 0}, such that =

(b) Show that a Mobius

transformation can have at most. two fixed
1 +4
Hence conclude thatMobius transformation is a points.
action on three uniquely determined by its
given distinct points in Coo
(c) Use maximum modulus theorem to 13
prove the minimum principle:
i s a nonconstant analytic Suppose
function on a bounded set G and is
continuous on G. If
f(:) # 0 for all z EG, then |f| open
ássumes its minimum
value on 8G.
(2) (a) Define branch of (2
of logarithm. Give
example with justification of à branch
an
logarithm on the open connected set
(b) Suppose f is analytic in a G =C \{EER: z 2 0}. 1+3]
that lim region G C C and there is constant M > 0 such
M, Vz E ÔG. Show that a
sup,ali(z)|
(c) What is the image < M, Y: E C. 4 if(z)|
S(:) = z2? Justify. of the sector {z :0< arg T/4} únder the map
(3) (a) Let D {z ¬C: |:| < 1}. For a E D, consider the
=

that pa is analytic in a lap p,(:)'= 1 - . Show (2

and pa(ôD) ôD. =
neighborhood
of D, one-one
map of D onto itself
(b) Give an example to shOw
that if G is an unbounded 4
is analytic in G and open set, then even if f
continuous on G, the
sup{|f(2):zE equality
G} = sup{|f(z)| :z ¬ OG)
(c) Let z1, 22.3 four distinct points in Coo. not hold.
may
, 24 be 3
any Mobius transformation
T,
Assuming the fact that for
a real
number if and only if all T(R%) is a circle, show that (31, 22.33, 24) is
four points lie on a circle.
3
Section II
(4) (a) Suppose f is analytic in a region G C C and
s(z0) 0, Vn2 Show that f =
= there is a. 20 E G such that
(b) Give an example to0.show 0.
cannot be dropped
that in (a) the
hypothesis of connectedness of G4
(c) Let 7 be a closed
Constant for a.
rectifiable curve ni Show that the index
(5) (a) Let f G > C belonging t0 a component of C\{7 7.(7: a) is a
be continuous in a region G CC such 4
triangular path T in G. Show thal. J is that 0 for every =

(b) Wlhen do analytic in G.

homotopic?
you say twoclosed rectinable curves
Show that if y is a clCsect o and n in 4
G to be
rectinable
a
region
region Ci. then
0 in curves in a stat shaped
G
12
Shet on OuelPlu
ByKU
 (c) Let f: G-» C be analytic in an open set GCC. Dehne p: G x G » C by
( ,w)= -S(u)
if and
w
o(:, 2) /'(:). =
Show that p is
eujt iuuous and tor cach fixcd
wEG,2 p(2, w) is analytic.
(6) (a) Let o and y be two rectihalble in 14
are fixed end point
eurves
an vp¢n set G Irom
tob which a
(FEP) homotopic. Then show that for any funct ion
analytic in G, Syo i =
h f
(b) Evaluate 5
22 +1
)d:,
where (t) =
re", 0Sts 2T, for all
2<r<o possible values of r, 0<T < 2and
(7) (a) State open mapping theorem. Show 5
that if G
S:G+C one to one analytic and f(G) =N,is an open set in C and
is
analytic. then f : N>G is also
(b) Give explicit example(with brief justification) of a
an
[1 42]
set in C. simply connected open
(c) Let G be an open set in C and 2
that f is f:G Cbe a differentiable function. Show
analytic
in G.
5
Section III
(8 (a) Classify isolated
(b) Suppose f has ansingularities
of a finction and
isolated singularity at a. Showgive example each. 3
one
thai
singularity of f if aid only if lim,-a(2 a)f(2) 0. a is a
removable -

=
z =

(c) Let k be a nonnegative 4

integer. Give the
f(z)= z* sin(1/:) in the annulus ann(a; LaurentHence expansion of
isolated singularity of f atz 0, co). decide the type of
0. =

(9) (a) Using residue theorem evaluate,

5
T+r?-4 4 .
(b) Suppose f and g are
meromorphic in a
neighborhood of
B(0; R) with no
zeros or poles on the circle y =
{z |z -al
number of
: =
R}. Let Zf, 2,(P/, P) be the
zeros (poles)
g inside of j and
|f(2) g(z)| < |f(:)| + 1g(z)| on 7, y c0unted
If + according t0 multiplicity.
(c) show that 2 P 2,
of B(0;1). If \f(z)|<1 for |z|Pg 1, 3
Let f be analytic in a
-
= -

show that there is a neighborhood =

(10) (a) Show that

unique z E B(0;1) satisfying f(2).=
z 2
fo Sin T 6
d r T/2.
(b) Let f be analytic in the
region G CC except for the isolated
Q1,a2* ,Qmlet. y be a
closed rectifiable singularities
through any ol the
curve in G which does not pass
points a, and that 0 in G. Show that 4
2m =2r(7:a,)Res(f:a,)

Sho on OnePiu
3y Ku
 This question paper contains 4+2 printed pages)
Your Roll No..... 72
7355

MAJM.Se. Mathematics/Sem. I
J
Paper Matb-103: Complex Analysis
(New Course Admission of. 2009 and onwards)
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 70
Write yur Roll No. n the top
iminediately on reeeipt of this question paper.
Instruciions
There threu sections in this
are

Answer seven
question papcr.
.questions choosing any tvo questionns
fron Section I. any three questions fron Section II
hyh
and any two
questions from Section III. The number
of
qucstions tw be answered from
each section is
also meetionvd _at the
Each
beginning of each section.
question carries 10 niarks.
Section I
(Answer any two
questions from this section.)
(a) Show that the
distadce between two points 2, z in
the extended cømplex plane is given by :

d(2,z 212-z'|
What
Valaf)d-1*'}
d(z,is
») ?
 2
7353
(6) Prøve the following:
"If G is open and connected, and f: G» C is
differentiable withf' (z) =0 for all z e G, then
is constant.";What can you say if G is not
connected? .5

2aDiscuss the continuity and diferentiability of the

function f: C» C where f(z) = |z|'. 2

6) Let be an open connected set such that 0 eG

and let f be a branch of log z on G. What is the
totality of branches of lng z ? Justify your claim. 4

(c Prove:If u : G R.is a harmonic function where

G B (0, R), then u has a harmonic conjugate. 4

fa) Show that a Möbius transförm is a composition of

translations, dilations and the inversion.

Define cross-ratio. of four complex numbers z,, 2

(c) Show that if T is a translation or dilation or an

inversion, tlhen
3g z) (T2, T2. Tzg Tz,).
Using this show that the above equation holds for

any Möbius transform T.

n eus
 3 7358

SectionII

from this section.)

(Answer any three questions

4.
4. (a) State Leibniz's rule for the equality of:

os,1)dt =
os,)dt

C. 1
where o: la, 6] x le, d >

(6) Using Leibniz's rule, e *aluate the integral

ds (|z| 1).
J
-
<

Prove tre following Let f : G+ C bé analytic

(c)
G for r> 0. If
and sujppose B(a, r) c sonme

Y(t) = a +re", 0 t s 2n. then

e)-
f(z) i), fu)
w-2 dw

for 2 - al < r.

. State and prove Liouvile's theorem.

(6) Define the index n (y; a) of a closed rectifiable curve

Y with respect to a point a e Y

F.T.O.

Shot on ePuS
By KU
 *** **

**

*****

7358

(c) Prove the following

Y is a smooth curve, then the index n (y; a) is

always an integer. 5

. (a) Let y, k be two closed rectifiable curves. Define

2
what youmean by "y is, homotopic to
Y
(b) Prove the folldying homotopic version of Cauchys

theorem
If Yo Y, are two closed rectifiable curves in an open

set G and Y, Y, then

YO

7. (a) ising the Open Mapping Theorem\prove : Iff is

analyticin a region G and a e G satisfies

f(z)| Ifla)| for all 2 e G, then f rrust be a

Constant.

6) Let D = |z :!2 < 11. Us1ng Schwarz's Lemna,

prove If f: D -» D is analytic and |f(z)| S 1 for

2-3Xrh
all 2 ¬
D, then

/7/
FO-2ls\fl2)1ss (02
-10)12 S|/(e)| /(0)]+|

SIhor on OnePlus
K
 *********** * *

7358
5

Section I I
.

from this section.)

(Answer any two questions

8 a) Deine: isolated singularity, removable.singularity.2

=a. Show
Suppose fhasan isolated singularity.at z

that i t .

lim (z -a) f(z) = 0

za

then the point z = a is a removable singularity

off.

o State and prove residue theorenm.

of order at and put

Suppose Ahas pole z a
m =
9 (a) a

g (e) = (z -

e )" f(z), Show tlhat

Res (f:d
(m-1)!
m-a)

2)(y
X
)Evaluäte the inte^ral

2
d
++1

P.T.O

ByKU
 (6
7358
10. (a) Prove the following Rouché's theorem
y ii
Súpposefand g are meromorphic in neighbourhood a

of B (a; R) with no zeros or poles on the circle

Y z|2:- a| =
R). Let Z, 2, be the numbers
of zeros of f, g and
P, P, be the numbers of
poles
of f, g counted.
according to .their multiplicities. If

fa)+ 8 (2)| <

If2)| + lg (z)| on Y, then Z, - 2,
PP 6

Using Rouché's theorem, show that a polynomial

of degree n with complex coefficients has exactly

n zeros in C A

( 2

600

6
7358
 This question paper contains 3 printed pages.
3929 Your Roll No.

M.A./ M.Sc,/ Mathematics/I Sem. A

Paper-Math-103:Complex Analysis
(Admissions of 2009 and onwards)
Time: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 70
(Write your Roll No. on the top immediately on receipt of this question paper.)
Attempt seven questions in all choosing any two questions from Section
1, threr questions
from Section 1I and wo questions from Section 1I.

Section I
1. (a) Show that there is a
one-to-one correspondence.between Co and the unit sphere
S {(1,F2, 7i) ¬R' : z}+r+i= 1.
=

(b) Define a branch of the

logarithm. Can a branch of logarithm contain the point 0?
Explain. Prove that any twol branches of
of 2i. logarithn1 differ by an integer multiple
5
2. (a). Skow that Cauchy-Riemann equations, are satistied
function. Does the converse corresponding to un analytic
hold? Justify. 5
(6) Represent the function e as a
power series. Find its radius of
period. Is the function efe periodic? convergence and
Justify. 5
3.
aWhat is a fixed point? How many fixed points can å
Explain. If z2,23, z4 are distinct Möbius transformation have?
points in
Coo, then show that there
points in Cio and w2, w3, w4 are also distinct
is and
such that Szz wi,
one
only one Möbius transformation S
=
i =2,3,4.
(6) For distinct points z1,Z2, 23, Z4 E Coo show 5
that the cross ratio (z1,
real number if and only if all four 2, Z3, Z4) 1s a
points lie on a circle.
Section II
4. (a) State Fundamental
Theorem of Calculus for a conplex variable. Show
condition of existence of the
primitive can not be dropped. State when that
the
condition be dropped. can this
5
Tum ovC

Shoi on OnePuS
ByKU 9811430037
 be expressed as a power series
how that every analytic function in B(a; R) can

an(2 a)", where an =

s(a) and this series has radius of convergence at
n=0
least R. 5

5 (a) Evaluate the integral de, where (t) =e", 0<tg 2n. 3

b) Let G be a connected open set and let f: G-C be an analytic function. Show
that f = 0 if and only if there is a point a E C such that f"(a) =0 for each
n0. 5
(cState Maximun Modulus theorem. If f: B(0, 2) + C. is an analytic function such
that 1f(2)| IS(1)| for all: ¬ B(0,2), what can wesay about the function ? 2

6 (a) Show that the index n(7;a) is a constant for a belonging to a component of
G =C {7}and that this constant is 0 if the component
-

is unbounded. 5
(b) State ancd prove Morera's theorem.
7. (a) Deñne honuotopy of two closed rectifiable curves. Show that the relation of ho-
/motopy is an equivalence relation.
3
(b)Let f be a non-constant analytic function decfned on .

region G. , Show that if

AgcG is open then f(U) is open.
4
c/Let D= {z: |2| < 1} and let f be D such that If(=)NS analytic on 1, for
z¬D
and that f(0) 0. Show that |f(0}| S1 and
=

that if |f'(0)|= 1 or |f(z)| \z| for some

|f(z)| < |z|Vz e D: Further, show
z#0 then there is a
=

constant c, lcl 1 =
such that f(w) cw for all w ¬D. =

Section III

8 (a Show that a function f analytic in the annulus

8s a Laurent series and that this series is unique.
ann(a; R1, Ra), cari be expressed
( State and prove Casorati-Weierstrass theorein.

9. a Let z =
a be isolated
an
singularity of f and let az - a)" be its Laurent
series n=to
expansion in ann(a;0, R). Show that ís removable
and only if a, = 0 Vn< -1.
z = a a
singularity if
4
(b)Show that d T/2.

Shot on QnePlus
ByK
 3
10. (a) Let f be a
meromorphic function in a region G with poles p1, P2, .., Pm and zeros
Z], Z2, ., Zn Counted according to multiplicity. If y is a closed rectifiable
G with 0and not curve in
7 passing through P1. P2, , Pni 21, 22, 2n then

2i d : = 2 4 l %2a) - n ( 7 P , )

J=1

(6)State 4
and prove Rouché's theoren.
6
 56 6-1
M.A/M.Sci/Mathematics/I Sem
Paper Math-103: Complex Analysis

r : urs
Maximum Ma::

Attempt seven questions in all choosing any two questions from Section I, three
questions from Section lI and two questions from Section II.

SectionI

(1 (ayUnder the stereographic projection,let Z = (1, T2, Ts) # (0,0,1) oa S

correspond to.the point z=t+iy of C. Given z, find Z in terms of z and
Y Fop a given power sèries L°an(z-a)", define 1/R =lim sup | a , / . Show
4
at 6
)A |z-a< R, the series converges absolutely,
( i ) if |z a > R, the series diverges, and
(i) if 0 <T<R, then the series converges uniformly on {z : z| Sr}
) Let G and Q be open subsets
of C and f:G-Cand g: 2 -C be
continuous functions such that f{G} CN and
is analytic and g'(z)
g(f(z)) =z for all z i n . g
#0 for all z in G, show that f is and
.
analytic 4]

(Prove that a Mobius transformation.takes circlès onto circles. (3

Suppose f is an analytic function in a region G.CC such that f{2). ER for
all z ¬ G. Show that f is a constant. .**

3 a )Let G be an open disk in C or G =C. If u: G-R is a harmonic

3
show that u has a harmonic conjugate.
function,
(b) Let f(2) = |z, z EC. At which points z E C is f differentiable? Justify
your answer.
(c) Li Z2, 3,24 are distinct points in C and T is any Mobius transformation,
3
show that for any E
z
Co 2
(z,2 ,3, 24) = (Tz, Tzn, Tza, Tzs).

Section II

4) (a) Show that every function f analytic in B(a; R) can be expressed as a power
series f{) e o (z-a)" and that the series has radius bf convergence
2 5
(6) Tf f: la,i)- R is á Lipschitz function (i.e. there is a constant M> 0 such
that f ( ) - f(u)l s M\t - v | V#, y ¬ {a,b), show that f is of bouadecd

variation.
(c) Evaluate the integral

-dz
vhere n positive integer and (t) = e", 0St 2.
 RSiAN
811450037

2
that
C is a senooth closed curve and o f i7, sho
3) ) If y:0,1

is an integer.
(b) Let f be analytic on a region G with zeros a1,C2., an repeated accord:ng8
to multiplicity. If 7 ia a closed rectifiable curve in G which does not pass
through any point a and if y 0 , show that
m

2Ti Jy j{Z) i=1

c ) s it possible to construct an analytic function f in B(0;2) such that
f-1/2) 3 and f(1/n?)
5 for n 1,2,... ? Justify your ans
(a) Let G be a bounded open set in C and suppose f is a continuouswer.
= =

(6) function
on G which is
analytic in G. Show that 4+2
mba{|f(z): z¬G} =
maz{|f(u)|: w e OG).
Give an
example to illustrate that if G is unbounded, the inequality
sup{lf(z)}: zé G} sup{lf (w): we ÖG}}
may not hold.
(B) Define homotopy of two closed rectifiable curves. Givé
distinct closed rectifiable curves which are examples two of
homotopic.
(7) (a) Show that if p{z) is a. nonconstant polynomial 2 +2
with complex coefficients
thenthere exists a EC suci thai pia)= i. .
(b). If j is analytiç on a sinply.connected region G;, show that j has
G.
a
prinitive
(c State Schwarz's lmma. . 4
2
Sectior II

(8) (a) Suppóse.f has an isolated singularity at

singularity of f iff im,-a(?- a)f(z) = 0.
a.
how thatz = a is a removable
(b) Show that for a> 1, [6
(4]
do
Jo a+ cOs 6
Va-T
(9) (a) Sow that
6
.+d
(b) e t f be a one one analytic function in an open set containing P{a; R). If
S2 =
j(B(a; R)) and 7(t) a + Re", 0 t
=
27, show that for each
w E ,f-(w) is defined by the-formula 4
)= /j()
w

(10) (a) Let z = a be an isolated singularity of f and let f(z) = n - o n - a)

be its Laurent series expansion in ann(a;0, R). Show that z =a is a pole of
order m iff a-m #0 and o, 0 for =
n -{n +1} 6
(b) State Rouche's theorem and use it to give a proof of the fundamenta
theorem of algebra. 14

Sho. on OnelPlus
By KU