LDRA6_UserGuidev07-22
LDRA6_UserGuidev07-22
User Guide
© Raymond & Lae Engineering, Inc. 2011. All rights reserved. RLE® is a registered trademark and
Seahawk™, Falcon™, and Raptor™ are trademarks of Raymond & Lae Engineering, Inc. The
products sold by Raymond & Lae Engineering, Inc. are subject to the limited warranty, limited liability,
and other terms and conditions of sale set forth at http://www.rletech.com/.
Revision History
This product is manufactured by RLE Technologies, 104 Racquette Drive, Fort Collins, CO, 80524.
If this product is used in any manner other than that specified by the manufacturer, the protection
provided by the equipment may be impaired.
Product Warranty
Product Registration
Any information provided to RLE Technologies through the registration form will be regarded as
confidential. RLE will not sell or distribute any of the information to third parties.
Technical Support
Before you install an LDRA6, refer to RLE Technologies’ website, www.rletech.com, to ensure you are
using the most recent version of all documentation.
Personal assistance is available Monday through Friday, from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. MST.
The following information is located on the bottom of each LDRA6 unit. Please have this information
available whenever a technical support call is placed:
The LDRA6 is not a field-serviceable item and must be sent back to RLE Technologies for mechanical
repair. Power must be disconnected (unplugged) from the LDRA6 any time the unit is mechanically
serviced. Physically unplug power from the unit any time you are making wiring connections to or from
the LDRA6.
RLE cannot accept an item for repair without a Return Materials Authorization number, which must be
provided by RLE
1 Product Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
LDRA6 Front Panel Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Zone LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Power LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Audible Alarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Quiet/Test/Reset Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2 Connections and Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
LDRA6 Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
TB1 –- Input Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
POW1 – Input Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
TB2, TB3 – Zone Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
TB5, TB4 – Zone Alarm Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
TB6 – Summary Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
TB7 – RS485 Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
SW1– Relay and Alarm Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
SW1, Position 1: Summary Relay Supervised/Unsupervised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
SW1, Position 2: Relays Latched/Unlatched . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
SW1, Position 3: Zone Relay Linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
SW1, Position 4: Zone Relays Supervised / Unsupervised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
SW1, Position 5: Leak Alarm Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
SW1, Position 6: Ability to Silence Summary Relay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
SW1, Positions 7 and 8: Re-alarm Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
SW2 – Modbus Addressing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
SW4 through SW9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
R1 – Leak Detection Cable Sensitivity Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Connect the Water Leak Detection Cable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Secure the Cable to the Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Recommended Cable Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Apply Power to the Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Power via Wall Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Power via Direct Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4 EIA-232 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Boot-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Help Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Function Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
c – Contact Closure Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
ld – Leak Delay Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
sens – Leak Zone Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
e – View Eeprom Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
er – Erase Eeprom Data – Restores Factory Defaults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
mbb – View / Change Modbus Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
970.484.6510 6 rletech.com
Figures
1 Product Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 1.1 LDRA6 Front Panel Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2 Connections and Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Figure 2.1 LDRA6 Circuit Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Figure 2.2 TB1 - Power Terminal Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 2.3 POW1 - Input Power Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 2.4 TB2, TB3 - Sensing Cable Input Terminal Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 2.5 TB4, TB5 - Alarm Relay Output Terminal Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Figure 2.6 TB6 - Summary Relay Output Terminal Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Figure 2.7 TB7 - RS485 Terminal Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Figure 2.8 SW4 - SW9 Zone Configuration Switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Figure 2.9 R1 - Adjust Leak Detection Cable Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 3.1 Water Leak Detection Sensing Cable Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 3.2 SD-Z1 Spot Detector Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 3.3 Cable Installation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 3.4 Wiring Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4 EIA-232 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figure 4.1 EIA-232 Interface - Bootloader Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figure 4.2 EIA-232 Interface - Help Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 4.3 EIA-232 Interface - Contact Closure Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 4.4 EIA-232 Interface - Display Current Leak Zone Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 4.5 EIA-232 Interface - Override Manual Leak Sensitivity Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 4.6 EIA-232 Interface - Help Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 4.7 EIA-232 Interface - Modbus Parity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 4.8 EIA-232 Interface - Modbus Port Setting and Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Figure 4.9 EIA-232 Interface - Current Leak Zone Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Figure 4.10 EIA-232 Interface - Summary Relay Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Figure 4.11 EIA-232 Interface - Zone Relay Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
A Modbus Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
B Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
C Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1 Product Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 Connections and Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4 EIA-232 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
A Modbus Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Table A.1 Read Output Registers Packet Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table A.2 Output Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table A.3 Read Input Registers Packet Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table A.4 Input Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table A.5 Status Flags (Register 30001) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table A.6 Status Flags (Register 30008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table A.7 Preset Single Register Packet Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table A.8 Present Multiple Registers Packet Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table A.9 Modbus Slave Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table A.10 Query Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table A.11 Response Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
B Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table B.1 Troubleshooting Problems with the LDRA6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
C Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Table C.1 Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 0
1.1. Description
The LDRA6 is a complete monitoring system that detects and reports the presence of water
and other conductive liquids, as well as monitors dry contact alarm points. The LDRA6
couples SeaHawk Water Leak Detection Cable (SC) with an advanced control head to monitor
six individual zones. When a conductive liquid comes in contact with the SC or Spot Detectors
(SD-Z/SD-Z1), an alarm sounds and the summary alarm relay and zone relay activate. The
LED that corresponds with the appropriate zone also illuminates and an audible alarm is
activated. Each LDRA6 input can also be configured to detect a dry contact's change of state
(NO or NC) and annunciate the alarm on the front panel.
The LDRA6 is a supervised system - it continuously monitors the cable for leaks and cable
integrity. A cable break causes a cable fault indication. An alarm sounds and the appropriate
zone relay and the summary alarm relay activate. The appropriate LED changes to indicate a
cable fault has occurred.
The dry contact relays in the LDRA6 may be configured as supervised or unsupervised (see
section 2-2 for configuration options). Each zone can be configured with unique, individual
settings. When the user specified alarm condition occurs, the LDRA6 activates the appropriate
relay and alarm LED
Leak Detected
Cable Fault
Power can be wired to the LDRA6 through TB1. If you are using TB1 you may need to cut the
barrel connector off of your power supply and strip the ends of the wires so they can be
inserted into the terminal blocks.
Power can also be supplied to the unit through POW1. Plug the barrel connector of the isolated
supply directly into POW1..
TB7-1 + or A wire
TB7-2 - or B wire
TB7-3 Shield or GND wire
1 = Supervised
0 = Unsupervised (factory default)
1 = Latched
0 = Unlatched (factory default)
1 = Supervised
0 = Unsupervised (factory default)
1 1 = 24 hours
0 1 = 16 hours
1 0 = 8 hours
0 0 = Disabled; no re-alarming once silenced (factory default)
This potentiometer can be overridden through the LDRA6’s craft port configuration for
individual zones (see 4.3.3, “sens – Leak Zone Sensitivity” on page 29 for details).
INSTALLATION
CHAPTER 0
NOTE One Leader Cable Kit (RLE part LC-KIT) is required for each zone of leak detection sensing
cable you would like to connect the LDRA6. Each LC-KIT includes a 15 foot (4.57m) leader
cable and an EOL terminator. The kits are NOT included with the LDRA6, and can be
purchased separately.
To connect the leader cable to the LDRA6, connect the wires (4) to the appropriate zone
position of the terminal block connectors (see section 2.1.3, “TB2, TB3 – Zone Inputs” on
page 14 for more wiring details). Adjust the appropriate zone configuration for Leak Detection
input (see section 2.4., “SW4 through SW9” on page 20 for more details).
Once the leader cable is plugged into the terminal block, it is ready to be connected to the SC.
To do this, unscrew the EOL terminator from the end of the leader cable. Attach the first
length of SC to the leader cable. Route the SC according to the cable layout diagram, if
provided. Lay the cable according to Figure 3.1 and 3.2.1, “Secure the Cable to the Floor” on
page 24. Secure the EOL terminator on the unoccupied end of the SC.
The SD-Z1 connects to the LDRA6 in a manner similar to the LC-Kit. One SD-Z1 is designed
to connect to each Zone input on the LDRA6. If multiple points are need to be monitored on
one zone input, it is recommended to use the SD-Z style spot detector which connects together
in series for multiple detection points.
§ Place one J-clip every three feet along the length of the SC. Place one J-clip at each turn of
the cable.
§ If the cable is installed over an obstruction, clip the cable on both sides, as close to the
obstruction as possible.
§ Do not install the cable directly in front of an air conditioner. Allow a minimum of 6 feet
(1.83m) between the unit and the cable. If the SC is too close to the air conditioning unit's air
stream, the moisture from the humidifier may cause false leak readings. If the cable must be
installed in front of an air conditioning unit, place the J-clips 12 to 18 inches (.305m
to.457m)apart.
Note It is important to finish the end of the SeaHawk Leak Detection Cable (SC) with the end-of-line
terminator (EOL). If the EOL terminator is not present, a cable fault will register. Note any
variances between the cable layout diagram and the actual cable installation. Wait
approximately one minute. No alarm should be present.
Once all the wires have been placed inside the terminal block, tighten the three screws across
the bottom of the terminal block until the wires are securely held in place. Plug the other end
of the wall adapter into the wall. The LDRA6 should power up immediately.
EIA-232 INTERFACE
CHAPTER 0
4.1. Boot-Up
Make sure the EIA-232 port is connected to a PC or terminal with a straight through cable.
When the LDRA6 is powered up, the boot ROM and flash program code are verified. The
Screen displayed below should appear on the terminal or terminal emulation software.
X is the zone number and can range from 1-6 for each input.
type is the contact closure setting; use”"no” for normally open, “nc” for normally closed, or
“st” for a status point.
delay is the number of seconds the alarm must be active before annunciated and can range
from 0 to 999 seconds.
Use the format ld/x where x is the number of seconds for the leak alarm delay.
This value applies to all zones configured for Leak Detection. SW1 position 5 determines if
this RS232 configured value is used (see section 2.2.5, “SW1, Position 5: Leak Alarm Delay”
on page 19).
To override the manual sensitivity dial setting, enter a new value for each desired zone. Using
a value of 0 will enable desired zone to use manual sensitivity dial setting. Use the format
sensX/yyy to override a zone's setting. Example: sens1:300 sets Zone 1 to a sensitivity of 300
micro amps. Type sens and press Enter again to viewing the Leak Zone Sensitivity settings
after entering new value displays the following:
To change modbus baud rate, use the format mbb/xxxx where xxxx is the baud rate. Valid
selections for baud rate are 1200, 2400, 9600 and 19200.
To change modbus parity rate, use the format mbp/x where x is the parity. Valid selections for
parity are:
e – even
o – odd
n – none
MODBUS COMMUNICATIONS
CHAPTER 0
This document describes the Modbus communications protocol as supported by the LDRA6. It
includes details and information on how to configure the LDRA6 for communications via
Modbus network.
Function Field
Data Field
For address's 64-127, set SW1-7 to on, then subtract 64 from the address and use the table.
For address's 128-191, set SW1-7 to off, #8 to on, then subtract 128 from the address and
use the table.
For address's 192-254, set SW1-7 & 8 to on, then subtract 192 from the address and use the
table.
Slave address 2 responds to Function Code 3 with 6 bytes of hexadecimal data and ends
with CRC16 checksum.
Register Values:
www.rletech.com 42 970.484.6510
B
A PPENDIX
TROUBLESHOOTING
CHAPTER 0
Problem Action
No Power Check Power Supply
Power On LED is Not Check for supply power at TB1 pins 1 and 2 on the bottom right
On hand corner of PCB.
Problem Action
Cable Fault on Check for Proper Wiring to Zone Terminal Block
Zone(s) Wiring order should be as follows from left to right for each leak
detection zone: White, Black, Green and Red.
3 If the fault condition does not clear, remove the respective zone
terminal block and remove the input wires from the leader cable.
Install a jumper wire between pins 1 and 2, and another jumper
wire between pins 3 and 4.
Note Contamination and/or physical damage to the cable is not covered under warranty. For all
other troubleshooting concerns and questions regarding this product, contact RLE
Technologies at 970-484-6510 or go to our website at www.rletech.com.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
CHAPTER 0
Protocols
Terminal Emulation (EIA-232) VT100 compatible
Modbus (EIA-485) Slave; RTU Mode; Supports function codes 03, 04, 06 and
16
Alarm Notification
Audible Alarm 85dBA @ 2ft (0.6m); re-sound (disabled, 8, 16, or 24
hours)
Front Panel Interface
LED Indicators Power: 1 green (on/off); Status (1 per zone): 6 tri-color
(Power On: green; Alarm: red; Cable Fault: yellow)
Push Buttons Quiet/Test/Reset: 1
Operating Environment
Temperature 32° to 122°F (0° to 50°C)
Humidity 5% to 95% RH, non-condensing
Altitude 15,000ft (4,572m) max.
Storage Environment -4° to 158°F (-20° to 70°C)
Dimensions 10.5"W x 8.0"H x 2.0"D (267mmW x 203mmH x 51mmD)
Weight 6 lbs. (2.72kg)
Mounting Vertical wall mount
Certifications CE; ETL listed: conforms to UL STD 61010-1, EN STD
61010-1; certified to CSA C22.2 STD NO. 61010-1; RoHS
compliant
Table C.1 Technical Specifications (continued)