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Lecture 9

The document discusses the analysis of unsymmetrical faults in power systems using sequence networks, which consist of positive, negative, and zero sequence networks. Each network is defined by the flow paths and impedances for their respective sequence currents, with specific guidelines for constructing positive and negative sequence networks. The zero sequence network is unique in that it requires a return path for zero sequence currents to exist, and reference buses are established for positive, negative, and zero sequence networks.

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Marjan Haque
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3 views

Lecture 9

The document discusses the analysis of unsymmetrical faults in power systems using sequence networks, which consist of positive, negative, and zero sequence networks. Each network is defined by the flow paths and impedances for their respective sequence currents, with specific guidelines for constructing positive and negative sequence networks. The zero sequence network is unique in that it requires a return path for zero sequence currents to exist, and reference buses are established for positive, negative, and zero sequence networks.

Uploaded by

Marjan Haque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EEE 419

Power System II

1
Sequence Networks
o The analysis of an unsymmetrical fault by symmetrical components method can be
conveniently done by drawing sequence networks.

o A sequence network of a particular sequence current in a given power system is


the path for the flow of that sequence current in the system.

o It is composed of impedances offered to that sequence current in the system. Since


there are three sequence currents (viz. positive sequence current, negative sequence
current and zero sequence current), there will be three sequence networks for a given
power system, namely

1. Positive sequence network


2. Negative sequence network
3. Zero sequence network
Positive sequence network
o The positive sequence network for a given power system shows all the paths for
the flow of positive sequence currents in the system.

o It is represented by one line diagram and is composed of impedances offered to the


positive sequence currents. While drawing the positive sequence network of a given
power system, the following points may be kept in view:

(i) Each generator in the system is represented by the generated voltage in series with
appropriate reactance and resistance.

(ii) The impedance between the neutral and ground is not included in the positive
sequence network.

(iii) All resistances and magnetizing currents for each transformer are neglected as a
matter of simplicity.

(iv) For transmission lines, the shunt capacitances and resistances are generally
neglected.
Negative sequence network
o The negative sequence network for a given power system shows all the paths for
the flow of negative sequence currents in the system.

o It is also represented by one-line diagram and is composed of impedances offered to


the negative sequence currents.

o The negative sequence network can be readily obtained from positive sequence network
with the following modifications :

(i) Omit the e.m.f. of 3-phase generators in the positive sequence network.

(ii) The impedance between neutral and ground is not included in the negative
sequence network.

(iii) For transmission lines and transformers, the negative sequence impedances have
the same value as the corresponding positive sequence impedances.
Zero sequence network
o The zero sequence network for a given power system shows all the paths for the flow of
zero sequence currents.

(i) The zero sequence currents will flow only if there is a return path (returning to the
source) i.e. path from neutral to ground or to another neutral point in the circuit.

(ii) In the case of a system with no return path for zero sequence currents, these
currents cannot exist.
Reference Bus for Sequence Networks
(i) For positive or negative sequence networks, the neutral of the generator is taken
as the reference bus. This is logical because positive or negative sequence
components represent balanced sets and hence all the neutral points must be at
the same potential for either positive or negative sequence currents.

(ii) For zero sequence network, the reference bus is the ground at the generator.
Problem
Problem
(i) Positive sequence network

The positive sequence network is composed of phase e.m.f. in series with positive sequence
impedance of the generator.
Problem
(ii) Negative sequence network

A negative sequence network contains no e.m.f. but includes the impedances of the generator
to negative sequence currents.
Problem

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