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Lecture Slides 01 015-Arrays

The document discusses memory, data representation, and addressing in C programming, focusing on arrays and strings. It explains how arrays store adjacent data types and how pointer arithmetic can be used for indexing. Additionally, it covers the representation of C-style strings, including null-terminated strings and byte representation of data types.

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2 views

Lecture Slides 01 015-Arrays

The document discusses memory, data representation, and addressing in C programming, focusing on arrays and strings. It explains how arrays store adjacent data types and how pointer arithmetic can be used for indexing. Additionally, it covers the representation of C-style strings, including null-terminated strings and byte representation of data types.

Uploaded by

yihuangece
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University

 of  Washington  

Sec3on  1:  Memory,  Data,  and  Addressing  


¢ Preliminaries  
¢ Represen3ng  informa3on  as  bits  and  bytes  
¢ Organizing  and  addressing  data  in  memory  
¢ Manipula3ng  data  in  memory  using  C  
¢ Boolean  algebra  and  bit-­‐level  manipula3ons  

Addresses  
University  of  Washington  

Arrays  
¢ Arrays  represent  adjacent  loca3ons  in  memory  storing  the  
same  type  of  data  object  
§ e.g.,  int  big_array[128];    
allocates  512  adjacent  bytes  in  memory  star<ng  at  0x00ff0000  
¢ Pointer  arithme3c  can  be  used  for  array  indexing  in  C  (if  
pointer  and  array  have  the  same  type!):  
§ int  *array_ptr;      
array_ptr  =  big_array;      0x00ff0000  
 
array_ptr  =  &big_array[0];    0x00ff0000  
 
array_ptr  =  &big_array[3];    0x00ff000c  
 
array_ptr  =  &big_array[0]  +  3;    0x00ff000c  
  (adds  3  *  size  of  int)  
array_ptr  =  big_array  +  3;    0x00ff000c  
  (adds  3  *  size  of  int)  
*array_ptr  =  *array_ptr  +  1;    0x00ff000c  
  (but  big_array[3]  is  incremented)  
array_ptr  =  &big_array[130];    0x00ff0208  
  (out  of  bounds,  C  doesn’t  check)  
§ In  general:    &big_array[i]  is  the  same  as  (big_array  +  i),  
which  implicitly  computes:  &bigarray[0]  +  i*sizeof(bigarray[0]);  
Arrays  
University  of  Washington  

Represen3ng  strings  
¢ A  C-­‐style  string  is  represented  by  an  array  of  bytes.  
§ Elements  are  one-­‐byte  ASCII  codes  for  each  character.  
§ A  0  byte  marks  the  end  of  the  array.  
32 space 48 0 64 @ 80 P 96 ` 112 p
33 ! 49 1 65 A 81 Q 97 a 113 q
34 ” 50 2 66 B 82 R 98 b 114 r
35 # 51 3 67 C 83 S 99 c 115 s
36 $ 52 4 68 D 84 T 100 d 116 t
37 % 53 5 69 E 85 U 101 e 117 u
38 & 54 6 70 F 86 V 102 f 118 v
39 ’ 55 7 71 G 87 W 103 g 119 w
40 ( 56 8 72 H 88 X 104 h 120 x
41 ) 57 9 73 I 89 Y 105 I 121 y
42 * 58 : 74 J 90 Z 106 j 122 z
43 + 59 ; 75 K 91 [ 107 k 123 {
44 , 60 < 76 L 92 \ 108 l 124 |
45 - 61 = 77 M 93 ] 109 m 125 }
46 . 62 > 78 N 94 ^ 110 n 126 ~
47 / 63 ? 79 O 95 _ 111 o 127 del

Arrays  
University  of  Washington  

Null-­‐terminated  strings  
¢ For  example,  “Harry  PoQer”  can  be  stored  as  a  13-­‐byte  array.  
72 97 114 114 121 32 80 111 116 116 101 114 0
H a r r y P o t t e r \0

¢ Why  do  we  put  a  0,  or  null  zero,  at  the  end  of  the  string?  
§ Note  the  special  symbol:  string[12] = '\0';

¢ How  do  we  compute  the  string  length?  

Arrays  
University  of  Washington  

Compa3bility  
char S[6] = "12345";

IA32,  x86-­‐64  S   Sun  S  


31   31  
32   32  
33   33  
34   34  
35   35  
00   00  

¢ Byte  ordering  (endianness)  is  not  an  issue  for  standard  C  


strings  (char  arrays)  
¢ Unicode  characters  –  up  to  4  bytes/character  
§ ASCII  codes  s<ll  work  (just  add  leading  0  bits)  but  can  support  the  many  
characters  in  all  languages  in  the  world  
§ Java  and  C  have  libraries  for  Unicode  (Java  commonly  uses  2  bytes/char)  
Arrays  
University  of  Washington  

Examining  Data  Representa3ons  


¢ Code  to  print  byte  representa3on  of  data  
§ Any  data  type  can  be  treated  as  a  byte  array  by  cas<ng  it  to  char  

void show_bytes(char *start, int len) {


int i;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
printf("%p\t0x%.2x\n", start+i, *(start+i));
printf("\n");
}

void show_int (int x) {


show_bytes( (char *) &x, sizeof(int));
} prin`  direc3ves:  
 %p  Print  pointer  
 \t  Tab  
 %x  Print  value  as  hex  
 \n  New  line  
Arrays  
University  of  Washington  

show_bytes  Execu3on  Example  

int a = 12345; // represented as 0x00003039


printf("int a = 12345;\n");
show_int(a); // show_bytes( (byte *) &a, sizeof(int));

Result:!

int a = 12345;
0x7fff6f330dcc 0x39
0x7fff6f330dcd 0x30
0x7fff6f330dce 0x00
0x7fff6f330dcf 0x00

Arrays  

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