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3 Loops

The document explains the four loop constructs in C#: for loop, foreach loop, while loop, and do/while loop, detailing their syntax and usage. It provides examples for each loop type, illustrating how they can be used for iteration, including nested loops and infinite loops. The document emphasizes the differences between the while and do/while loops, particularly in terms of when the condition is evaluated.

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3 views

3 Loops

The document explains the four loop constructs in C#: for loop, foreach loop, while loop, and do/while loop, detailing their syntax and usage. It provides examples for each loop type, illustrating how they can be used for iteration, including nested loops and infinite loops. The document emphasizes the differences between the while and do/while loops, particularly in terms of when the condition is evaluated.

Uploaded by

hnl469619
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Loops

Loops in C# essentially allow you to execute a block of code repeatedly until a certain
condition is met. C# provides the following four constructs:

1. for loop
2. foreach loop
3. while loop
4. do/while loop

1. The for loop construct


The for loop is for iterating a block of code a fixed number of times where you can test
a specific condition before you do another iteration. The for loop construct syntax is as
in the following:

Syntax

for (initializer; condition; iterator)


{
Statements;
}

Here the initializer is evaluated first before the first loop is executed. The loop is
executed until the condition expressions are false and the iterator is responsible for
incrementing or decrementing the loop counter.

Example-
The following program typically writes the value 0 to 4 on the screen by using the for
loop construct. We are declaring a local variable x and initializing it to 0 to use it as
loop counter. Then we test whether or not it is less than 5 in the condition block and
finally you increase the counter by one and walk through the process again as in the
following:

int x;
for (x = 0; x < 5; x++)
{
Console.WriteLine(x);
Console.WriteLine(“\n”);
}
Output
0
1
2
3
4

Note-- we can declare the local counter variable in the for loop block also and x++ can
be simply written as x=x+1. You can create a complex condition, endless loops and use
goto, break and continue statements in the for loop.

Example-
The following program will terminate when the counter variable 8 is reached as in the
following:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)


{
if (i == 8)
{
break;
}
Console.WriteLine(i);
}

Output
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Example-
In some circumstance you want your loops to be executed indefinitely. C# allows you
to write infinite loops using the following syntax:

for (; ;) { }

for (; ;)
{
Console.WriteLine("printing");
}
Output
printing
printing
printing
printing
printing
.
.
.
.
printing

Example-
The for loop can be nested. That means we can implement an inner for loop in an
outer loop. The inner loop executes once completely for each iteration of an outer
loop. The following code displays prime numbers until 100 using a nested for loop.

static void Main(string[] args)


{
int i, j;
bool isPrime = false;

for (i = 2; i <= 100; i++)


{
for (j = 2; j < i; j++)
{
if (i % j == 0)
{
isPrime = true;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime == false)
Console.Write("{0} ", j);
else
isPrime = false;
}

Console.ReadK ey();
}
Output
All prime number upto 100

2. The foreach loop construct


The foreach loop construct allows you to iterate through each item into a collection
without the necessary of testing the upper limit condition. This construct can also be
applied on user-defined collections. In the following you can traverse an array of string:

Example-
string[] country = { "India", "USA", "Canada", "China" };
foreach (string x in country)
{
Console.WriteLine(x);
Console.WriteLine("\n");
}

Output-
India
USA
Canada
China

Here, the foreach loop steps through the array element one at a time. With each
element, it places the value of the element in the string x variable and then performs
an iteration of the loop.

3. The while loop construct


The while loop is mostly used to repeat a statement or a block of statements for a
number of times that is not known before the loop begins. The syntax of the while loop
is as in the following:

Syntax

while(condition)
Statement;

The while loop does the expression evaluation first, then executes its body
statements. A statement inside the loop body will set a Boolean flag to false on a
certain iteration until the end of the loop as in the following:

Example-
bool status= false;
while (!status)
{
Console.WriteLine("status is false");
}

Output
----------------
Example-
The following program checks whether the value of int x is less than 10 using a while
loop and displays them:

int x = 0;
while (x<10)
{
Console.WriteLine("value of x is"+ x);
x++;
}

Output
value of x is 0
value of x is 1
value of x is 2
value of x is 3
value of x is 4
value of x is 5
value of x is 6
value of x is 7
value of x is 8
value of x is 9

4. The do/while loop constructs


The do/while is nearly similar to its previous construct while loop but has the slight
difference that the condition is evaluated after the body of the loop has been executed.
This loop is useful for the situation in which the statements must execute at least once.
The syntax for the do/while loop is as in the following:

Syntax
do
{
//body
} while(condition);

Example-
The following program depicts the same objective as in a while loop but it executes
the body statements first and later it checks the condition as in the following:

int x = 0;
do
{
Console.WriteLine("value of x is" + x);
x++;
} while (x < 10);

Output
value of x is 0
value of x is 1
value of x is 2
value of x is 3
value of x is 4
value of x is 5
value of x is 6
value of x is 7
value of x is 8
value of x is 9

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