Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Advances in Acoustics and Vibration

Volume 2009, Article ID 508076, 10 pages
doi:10.1155/2009/508076

Research Article
Dynamic Modal Analysis of Vertical Machining
Centre Components

Anayet U. Patwari,1 Waleed F. Faris,2 A. K. M. Nurul Amin,1 and S. K. Loh3

1 Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM),
P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM),

P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

3 OYL R & D Research, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM),

P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Correspondence should be addressed to Waleed F. Faris, [email protected]

Received 26 March 2009; Accepted 13 October 2009

Recommended by Mohammad Tawfik

The paper presents a systematic procedure and details of the use of experimental and analytical modal analysis technique for
structural dynamic evaluation processes of a vertical machining centre. The main results deal with assessment of the mode shape
of the different components of the vertical machining centre. The simplified experimental modal analysis of different components
of milling machine was carried out. This model of the different machine tool’s structure is made by design software and analyzed by
finite element simulation using ABAQUS software to extract the different theoretical mode shape of the components. The model
is evaluated and corrected with experimental results by modal testing of the machine components in which the natural frequencies
and the shape of vibration modes are analyzed. The analysis resulted in determination of the direction of the maximal compliance
of a particular machine component.

Copyright © 2009 Anayet U. Patwari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.

1. Introduction the frequency, damping, and mode shapes—its dynamic

properties. Since all bodies have both mass and elasticity,
The dynamic behavior of a structure in a given frequency they are capable of vibration. Therefore, most engineer-
range can be modeled as a set of individual modes of ing structures and machines experience some form of
vibration. The parameters that describe each mode are oscillatory motion. To better understand any structural
natural frequency or resonance frequency (modal) damping vibration problem, the resonances of a structure need to
mode shape; these are called the modal parameters. By using be identified and quantified. A common way of doing this
the modal parameters to model the structure, vibration is to define the structure’s modal parameters. Static and
problems caused by these resonances (modes) can be dynamic deformations of machine tool, tool holder, and
examined and understood [1–4]. In addition, the model can cutting tool play an important role in tolerance integrity
subsequently be used to come up with possible solutions to and stability in a machining process affecting part quality
individual problems. Vibration occurring on machine tools and productivity. Experimental modal analysis has rapidly
has been being a serious problem for engineers for more than developed as an area of science in last few years and has
one century. Undesired relative vibrations between the tool become as efficient as the finite element method. It is an
and the work-piece jeopardize the quality of the machine experimental approach for solving technical problems which
surfaces during cutting. is a means to estimate or evaluate modal properties of
Modal analysis is a process whereby a structure may a mechanical structure. Modal analysis is vital to under-
be defined in terms of its natural characteristics which are standing and optimizing the inherent dynamic behavior of
2 Advances in Acoustics and Vibration

structures, leading to lighter, stronger, and safer structure 3. Experimental Modal Analysis
with better performance. In modal analysis, a mathematical
model of a structure’s dynamic behavior is obtained. The 3.1. Measurement Hardware. A vibration measurement gen-
mathematical model consists of a set of mode shapes each erally requires several hardware components. The basic
with an associated natural frequency and modal damping. hardware elements required consist of a source of excitation,
These modal parameters provide a complete description of called an exciter (Impulse hammer), for providing a known
the structure’s dynamic behavior. Baker and his coresearchers or controlled input force to the structure, a transducer
used finite element method to analyze the instability of to convert the mechanical motion of the structure into
machining process [5]. They created a structural model of a electrical signal, a signal conditioning amplifier, and an
analysis system in which modal analysis program resides.
machine tool system using the commercial FE code, ANSYS,
The schematic diagram of hardware used performing
without any experimental tests. In this model the bed of
in a vibration test is shown in Figure 1. The different
machine tool, spindle, and tool holder, as steel blocks, are
equipments that have been used are listed as follows: Pulse
modeled. The integrity of these models is not confirmed by
Front-end (Data Acquisition), Impact Hammer, USB Don-
experimental results. In another research with the aim of
gle, Accelerometers, Impact Hammer cable, Accelerometer
analysis of chatter phenomena, the tool’s natural frequencies
cables, Pulse Front-End Power Supply, TCP/IP Cross Cable,
and the shape of their vibration modes were obtained by
and Bee’s wax.
modal testing results. In this case the variations of acoustic
emission signal during chatter are analyzed, so that it can be
used for chatter detection in machining duration [6]. Many 3.2. Test Procedures. The different milling machine compo-
researchers [7–9] tried to analyze the static and dynamic nents were identified which play a dominating role for the
analysis of the structure involved in machining system by chatter generation. The natural frequency of the different
resting using stiffness measurements and modal analysis. components was measured using modal analysis under static
Talantov and Amin have observed that chatter arising during and dynamic conditions and consequently the different
turning is a result of resonance, caused by mutual interaction mode shapes were identified. Initially excited frequencies
of the vibrations due to serrated elements of the chip were monitored during the operational mode under no-
and the natural vibrations of the system components, for load condition. It is easy to record a response in vibration
example, the spindle and the tool holder [10–12]. The chatter during machining but almost impossible to measure the
phenomena were indicated by the some of the researchers mentioned dynamic force. Therefore, the force measurement
as a resonance effect where system components played a was replaced by measurement of impulse response to the
vital role. So it is important to extract the accurate mode impact force excited by a hammer, whose tip was fitted
shape of the dominating components of machine structure by a force sensor. As the goal of these measurements was
to identify the chatter formation causes. The paper is focused to evaluate frequency transfer function, the responses at
at dynamic properties of a vertical milling machine, namely, various machine points with respect to a reference point were
at the resonance frequencies and vibration shapes of a recorded and analyzed. The reference point was selected at
vertical machining centre components. All this properties are the different location shown in Figure 2.
identified by measurements. The machine tool vibration was
excited by impulse force and a response of excited vibration (i) Knocking test. The natural frequencies of the different
was recorded. The measurement points for vibration were components were extracted from the recorded FFT
selected at the different location of spindle, tool, and diagram. One accelerometer was connected to the
collet. component; the natural frequency data from the
FFT graph was recorded by knocking the different
components using the impact hammer.
2. Simplified Modal Analysis of Milling Machine
(ii) Operational test. The dominating frequencies were
Aiming to investigate the vibration phenomena occur- identified considering high values based on the
ring occasionally at the different components of milling natural frequencies obtain from the knocking test
machine experimental and analytical modal analyses were during no-load operating condition. Accelerometers
performed. The study focused on extracting the mode shape are connected to the components and data were
of the dominating components of the milling machine recorded in Auto spectrum graph. The time exci-
in order to ensure resonance phenomena as a cause of tation, the coherence response excitation, and time
chatter. In a first step the significant eigen-frequencies with response excitation were also recorded to investigate
corresponding mode shapes were obtained by means of the quality of the signal as shown in Figure 3.
an experimental modal analysis (EMA). Subsequently, the
dynamic behavior of the machine components was simulated Experimental Modal Analysis is based on determining
using an ABAQUS FE model. The comparison of the eigen- the modal parameters by testing, unlike Analytical Modal
frequencies based on FE calculations with their experimental Analysis, where the modal parameters are derived from
counterparts proved in general quite satisfactory correla- Finite Element Models (FEMs). There are two ways of doing
tion. Experimental Modal Analysis: Classical Modal Analysis and
Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 3

Frequency response H1 (response, excitation)-input (magnitude)

Working: input: modal test: FFT analyzer
4
Structure
3

(mA2 /N)
Accelerometer
2
Impact hammer 1
0
0 4 8 12 16 20
(kHz)

Knocking test

Modal analysis and signal conditioning

Figure 1: Experimental modal analysis test set-up.

Accelerometer

Impact hammer

Knocking test
Accelerator position
Knocking position

Figure 2: Position of Accelerometer and knocking point at different components of milling machine.

Operational Modal Analysis. In Classical Modal Analysis 4. Operational Modal Analysis

frequency response functions (or impulse response func-
tions) are calculated from measured input forces and output Operational Modal Analysis is based on measuring only
responses of a structure shown in Figures 3-4. Much of the output of a structure and using the ambient and
the analysis in modal testing is performed in the frequency operating forces as unmeasured input. It is used instead of
domain inside the analyzer. The analyzer task is to convert classical mobility-based modal analysis for accurate modal
analog time domain signal into digital frequency domain identification under actual operating conditions, and in
information compatible with digital computing and then situations where it is difficult or impossible to control an
to perform the required computations with these signals. artificial excitation of the structure.
Figures 3-4 indicate the frequency domain information by In the milling machine structure the inner spindle is
Fast Fourier Transform for the domination components of surrounded by the outer spindle; as a result it is not possible
vertical machining centre like tool-holder and collet and to extract the mode shape using knocking test. Operational
spindle casing. As it is very difficult to extract the inner modal analysis was carried out to find out the mode shape
spindle mode shape, so operational modal analysis was done of the inner spindle using load and no-load conditions as
for inner spindle. shown in Figure 5.
4 Advances in Acoustics and Vibration

Coherence (response, excitation)-input

Working: input: modal test: FFT analyzer
2
0.0175
0.015 1.6
0.0125
1.2
0.01

(m)
0.0075 0.8
0.005
0.4
0.0025
0 0
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
(Hz) (Hz)

Y/t chart0
(a) (b)

Time (excitation)-input Time (response)-input

Working: input: input: FFT analyzer Working: input: input: FFT analyzer
2

400
1
(m/s2 )

0 0
(N)

−1
−400

−2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
(ms) (ms)
(c) (d)

Figure 3: Experimental modal analysis responses of tool holder.

0.0175 0.02

0.015 0.0175
0.015
0.0125
0.0125
0.01
0.01
0.0075
0.0075
0.005
0.005
0.0025 0.0025
0 0
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225
×102
(Hz) (Hz)

Y/t chart0 Y/t chart 0

(a) Collect (b) Spindle casing

Figure 4: Experimental modal analysis power spectrum responses (FFT); (a) Collet and (b) Spindle casing of vertical machining centre.
Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 5

Autospectrum (signal 1)-input Autospectrum (signal 1)-input

Working: input: input: FFT analyzer Working: input: input: FFT analyzer
4
3

3
2
(m/s2 )

(m/s2 )
2

1
1

0 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 0 4 8 12 16 20
(kHz) (kHz)
1000 RPM 3500 RPM
(a) Inner spindle operational deflection shape with no load. Spindle mode shape: 4394 Hz, 6866 Hz, 8294 Hz

Autospectrum (signal 1)-input Autospectrum (signal 1)-input

Working: input: input: FFT analyzer Working: input: input: FFT analyzer
20
3
16
2 12
(m/s2 )

(m/s2 )

8
1
4

0 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 0 4 8 12 16 20
(kHz) (kHz)
1000 RPM 3500 RPM
(b) Inner spindle operational deflection shape with load. Spindle mode shape: 4394 Hz, 6866 Hz, 8294 Hz

Figure 5: Operational Modal analysis of inner spindle with no-load and load conditions.

5. Procedures: FE Modeling been done to obtain natural frequencies. In continuation,

fine screening of the finite element model is accomplished
In order to make a finite element model, a three-dimensional to match the natural frequencies results from experimental
geometrical model of machine’s structure with CATIA soft- modal analysis.
ware has been developed and then converted to igs. format
for further analysis by ANSYS software. This model provides
natural values and response frequency extraction. The 6. FE Modal Analysis
observation of vibration modes of machine tool components Modal analysis has been done on the three different compo-
is three-dimensional shapes which provides better capability nents of vertical machining centre using finite element model
to the analysis of vibration model. The model is applied on to determine the natural frequency of machine tool structure
vertical machining centre. The different components of the elements and to discrete them from each other. These models
machine were measured and designed by CATIA software. are as follows:
The designed models were three-dimensional models. The
geometrical model of the machine components is shown (i) model number 1: complete model of spindle both
in Figure 6. After modeling selection, the necessary input outer and inner.
data as material properties such as modulus of elasticity,
(ii) model number 2: complete model of collet with
Poisson ratio, and density are applied. The elements used in
chuck case.
the FEM model for mesh generation is quadratic tetrahedral
element. The element distribution is uniform to exceed (iii) model number 3: complete model of tool holder.
boundary and it is so that in the parts with relatively small
dimensions like spindle, tool holder, collet, and so forth. 7. Results and Discussion
the element dimensions are finer and controlled. Afterwards,
boundary conditions on supporting are applied on the earth A comparison of calculated modes with their measured
connection of machine tool and finally modal analysis has counterparts is very helpful in general to verify the quality
6 Advances in Acoustics and Vibration

Tool holder

Assembly drawing of spindle,

collet with tool and tool holder
Spindle Collet

Figure 6: CATIA model of the different components of vertical machining centre.

of an FE model for dynamic simulation purposes and Table 1: Natural frequencies analysis of spindle.
to detect any possible improvements. The modal-analyzed
Different major mode shape (Hz)
natural frequencies of these models via ABAQUS software
of different components at different mode shapes are shown Spindle Inner Spindle Outer spindle
in Figures 5–7. The results of analysis of the calculated Condition 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd
and experimental mode shape are mentioned in the result Experimental 4394 6866 8294 9009 11371
analysis section. Theoretical 4322 6389 8004 9520 10291
Error (%) 1.67 7.47 3.62 5.37 10.49
Model Number 1: Complete Model of Spindle Both Outer and
Inner of Eigen-Frequency Analysis. Finite element analysis of Table 2: Natural frequencies analysis of Collet.
the inner and outer spindle is performed using ABAQUS.
The calculated distortions of the each element are shown in Collet Different major mode shape (Hz)
Figure 7 at different mode shapes. The elements used in the Condition 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
FEM model for mesh generation are quadratic tetrahedral Experimental 659 2032 3955 5169.7
element. It has been observed from the calculated results that Theoretical 770.77 2318.9 3673.6 5318.2
there are five prominent mode shape of the spindle. In most Error(%) 14.50 12.37 7.66 2.79
of the mode shape the distortion in the inner spindle is more
significant than the outer spindle.
Table 3: Natural frequencies analysis of Tool Holder.

Model Number 2: Complete Model of Collet for Eigen- Tool Holder Different major mode shape (Hz)
Frequency Analysis. Finite element analysis of the collet is Condition 1st 2nd 3rd
again performed using ABAQUS. The calculated distortions Experimental 2081 8892 11352
of the each element are shown in Figure 8 at different mode Theoretical 2944 10099 10454
shapes.
Error (%) 29.31 11.95 8.59

Model Number 3: The Model of Tool Holder and Selected

Eigenmodes of the Components. Finite element analysis of the Table 2 shows natural frequencies obtained from the
tool holder was performed using ABAQUS. The calculated modal analysis of finite element models and modal testing
distortions of each element are shown in Figure 9 at different results of collet and the amount percent of their errors in the
mode shapes. different cases.
Table 3 shows natural frequencies obtained from the
8. Correlation EMA/FEA modal analysis of finite element models and modal testing
results of tool holder and the amount percent of their errors
The natural frequencies obtained from modal analysis of in the different cases.
system testing results and FEM are shown in the Tables 1–3. The first and second vibration modes of outer spindle are
Table 1 shows natural frequencies obtained from the modal almost similar to the second and third vibration modes of
analysis of finite element models and modal testing results of tool holder, respectively. The vibration frequency region of
spindle both inner and outer and the amount percent of their spindle model is much higher than the vibration frequencies
errors in the different cases. of collet model. The percentage error levels for all the
Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 7

U, Magnitude U, Magnitude
0.000e + 00 1.160e + 00
0.000e + 00 1.063e + 00
0.000e + 00 9.666e − 01
0.000e + 00 8.700e − 01
0.000e + 00 7.733e − 01
0.000e + 00 6.766e − 01
0.000e + 00 5.800e − 01
0.000e + 00 4.833e − 01
0.000e + 00 3.867e − 01
0.000e + 00 2.900e − 01
0.000e + 00 1.933e − 01
0.000e + 00 9.666e − 02
0.000e + 00 0.000e + 00

ODB: spindle.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1 ODB: spindle.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1
Wed Jun 04 12:12:56 malay peninsula Wed Jun 04 12:12:56 malay peninsula standard
Step: Frequency, frequency analysis Step: Frequency, frequency analysis
Increment 0: Base state Mode 4: Value = 7.37518E + 08 Freq = 4322.2 cycles/time
Primary var: U, magnitude Primary var: U, magnitude
Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 1.000e + 00 Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 3.102e + 01
(a) Base state (b) Mode: 4322 Hz

U, Magnitude U, Magnitude
1.000e + 00 1.000e + 00
9.167e − 01 9.167e − 01
8.334e − 01 8.333e − 01
7.500e − 01 7.500e − 01
6.667e − 01 6.667e − 01
5.834e − 01 5.833e − 01
5.000e − 01 5.000e − 01
4.167e − 01 4.167e − 01
3.334e − 01 3.333e − 01
2.500e − 01 2.500e − 01
1.667e − 01 1.667e − 01
8.334e − 02 8.333e − 02
0.000e + 00 0.000e + 00

ODB: spindle.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1 ODB: spindle.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1
Wed Jun 04 12:12:56 malay peninsula standard Wed Jun 04 12:12:56 malay peninsula standard
Step: Frequency, frequency analysis Step: Frequency, frequency analysis
Mode 6: Value = 1.61157E + 09 Freq = 6389.2 cycles/time Mode 7: Value = 2.52912E + 09 Freq = 8004 cycles/time
Primary var: U, magnitude Primary var: U, magnitude
Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 3.102e + 01 Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 3.102e + 01
(c) Mode: 6389 Hz (d) Mode: 8004 Hz

U, Magnitude U, Magnitude
1.000e + 00 1.418e + 00
9.167e − 01 1.300e + 00
8.333e − 01 1.182e + 00
7.500e − 01 1.064e + 00
6.667e − 01 9.454e − 01
5.833e − 01 8.272e − 01
5.000e − 01 7.091e − 01
4.167e − 01 5.909e − 01
3.333e − 01 4.727e − 01
2.500e − 01 3.545e − 01
1.667e − 01 2.364e − 01
8.333e − 02 1.182e − 01
0.000e + 00 0.000e + 00

ODB: spindle.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1 ODB: spindle.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1
Wed Jun 04 12:12:56 malay peninsula standard Thu Jun 05 12:19:22 malay peninsula standard
Step: Frequency, frequency analysis Step: Frequency, frequency analysis
Mode 10: Value = 3.57864E + 09 Freq = 9520.9 cycles/time Mode 12: Value = 4.18066E + 09 Freq = 10291 cycles/time
Primary var: U, magnitude Primary var: U, magnitude
Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 3.102e + 01 Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 3.102e + 01
(e) Mode: 9520 Hz (f) Mode: 10291 Hz

Figure 7: Selected Eigenmodes of the Spindle by FE Analysis.

8 Advances in Acoustics and Vibration

U, Magnitude U, Magnitude
0.000e + 00 1.005e + 00
0.000e + 00 9.215e − 01
0.000e + 00 8.378e − 01
0.000e + 00 7.540e − 01
0.000e + 00 6.702e − 01
0.000e + 00 5.864e − 01
0.000e + 00 5.027e − 01
0.000e + 00 4.189e − 01
0.000e + 00 3.351e − 01
0.000e + 00 2.513e − 01
0.000e + 00 1.676e − 01
0.000e + 00 8.378e − 02
0.000e + 00 0.000e + 00

ODB: assembly spindle.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1 ODB: collet.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1
Mon Jun 09 18:11:02 malay peninsula standard Thu May 22 15:18:55 malay peninsula standard
Step: Frequency, frequency analysis Step: Frequency analysis, frequency analysis
Increment 0: Base state Mode 1: Value = 2.34537E + 07 Freq = 770.77 cycles/time
Primary var: U, magnitude Primary var: U, magnitude
Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 1.000e + 00 Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 2.300e + 01
(a) Base state (b) Mode: 770.77 Hz

U, Magnitude U, Magnitude
1.000e + 00 1.006e + 00
9.167e − 01 9.224e − 01
8.333e − 01 8.385e − 01
7.500e − 01 7.547e − 01
6.667e − 01 6.708e − 01
5.833e − 01 5.870e − 01
5.000e − 01 5.031e − 01
4.167e − 01 4.193e − 01
3.333e − 01 3.354e − 01
2.500e − 01 2.516e − 01
1.667e − 01 1.677e − 01
8.333e − 02 8.385e − 02
0.000e + 00 0.000e + 00

ODB: collet.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1 ODB: collet.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1
Thu May 22 15:18:55 malay peninsula standard Thu May 22 15:18:55 malay peninsula standard
Step: Frequency analysis, frequency analysis Step: Frequency analysis, frequency analysis
Mode 3: Value = 2.12287E + 08 Freq = 2318.9 cycles/time Mode 4: Value = 5.32789E + 08 Freq = 3673.6 cycles/time
Primary var: U, magnitude Primary var: U, magnitude
Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 2.300e + 01 Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 2.300e + 01
(c) Mode: 2318.9 Hz (d) Mode: 3673.6 Hz

U, Magnitude
1.000e + 00
9.167e − 01
8.333e − 01
7.500e − 01
6.667e − 01
5.833e − 01
5.000e − 01
4.167e − 01
3.333e − 01
2.500e − 01
1.667e − 01
8.333e − 02
0.000e + 00

ODB: collet.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1

Thu May 22 15:18:55 malay peninsula standard
Step: Frequency analysis, frequency analysis
Mode 6: Value = 1.11659E + 09 Freq = 5318.2 cycles/time
Primary var: U, magnitude
Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 2.300e + 01
(e) Mode: 5318.2 Hz

Figure 8: Selected Eigenmodes of the Collet by FE Analysis.

Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 9

ODB: tool holder.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1 ODB: tool holder.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1
Wed Mar 05 13:26:05 malay peninsula Wed Mar 05 13:26:05 malay peninsula

Step: Frequency, frequency extraction Step: Frequency, frequency extraction

Increment 0: Base state Mode 1: Value = 3.42154E + 08 freq = 2944 cycles/time
Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 1.000e + 0 Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 8.000e + 0
(a) Base state (b) Mode: 2944 Hz

ODB: tool holder.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1 ODB: tool holder.odb ABAQUS/standard version 6.6 × 1
Wed Mar 05 13:26:05 malay peninsula Wed Mar 05 13:26:05 malay peninsula

Step: Frequency, frequency extraction Step: Frequency, frequency extraction

Mode 3: Value = 4.02660E + 09 freq = 10099 cycles/time Mode 4: Value = 4.31477E + 09 freq = 10454 cycles/time
Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 8.000e + 0 Deformed var: U deformation scale factor: 8.000e + 0
(c) Mode: 10099 Hz (d) Mode: 10454 Hz

Figure 9: Selected Eigenmodes of the Tool Holder by FE Analysis.

components are within the accepted ranges and the high will be up to 12000 Hz. This research work will help to
error in some of them might be referred to the boundary find out the natural frequencies of the components and
conditions specification, because it is not easy to simulate the hence predicting the chatter formation zone as resonance
realistic boundary conditions for such complicated system. phenomena.

9. Conclusion References
In this paper a finite element model is used to analyze [1] D. J. Inman, Engineering Vibration, Prentice-Hall, Englewood
the mode frequencies and shapes of different machining Cliffs, NJ, USA, 3rd edition, 2007.
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based on the real dimensions of vertical machining centre USA, 1991.
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[6] J. Lee and D.-H. Kim, “Experimental modal analysis and

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[7] Y. Altintas, Manufacturing Automation, Cambridge University
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[8] E. Budak and Y. Altintas, “Identification of peripheral milling
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[10] N. V. Talantov, A. K. M. N. Amin, and N. P. Chereomushnikov,
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