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Coligative Properties[1]

The document is an investigatory project on the topic 'Elevation in Boiling Point' completed by Harshdeep Singh under the guidance of Mr. Kapil Saini. It explores colligative properties, specifically how the boiling point of a solution increases with the addition of non-volatile solutes, supported by experimental data and observations. The project includes a detailed methodology, results, and a discussion of potential errors in the experiment.

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8 views

Coligative Properties[1]

The document is an investigatory project on the topic 'Elevation in Boiling Point' completed by Harshdeep Singh under the guidance of Mr. Kapil Saini. It explores colligative properties, specifically how the boiling point of a solution increases with the addition of non-volatile solutes, supported by experimental data and observations. The project includes a detailed methodology, results, and a discussion of potential errors in the experiment.

Uploaded by

hs5034295
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAY,

FARIDKOT CANTT

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT (CHEMISTY)

“Elevation in boiling point”

NAME: Harshdeep Singh


CLASS: XII-A
ROLL NO. : 13649616
SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Kapil Saini
Certificate
This is to certify that HARSHDEEP SINGH has
successfully completed the project file on
topic “Elevation in boiling point” under the
guidance and supervision of Mr. Kapil Saini.

I am satisfied with their initiative and the


efforts for the completion of the project file
as a part of curriculum of CBSE XII
examination.
Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to


my chemistry mentor Mr. Kapil Saini for his vital
support, guidance and encouragement – without
which this project would not have been come
forth.

My sincere thanks go to our principal sir for


his co-ordination in extending every possible
support for the completion of this project.

Last but not the least I would like to thank all


those who had helped directly or indirectly
towards the completion of this project.
Contents
➢Certificate
➢Acknowledgement
➢Introduction
➢Types of colligative properties
➢Elevation in boiling point ➢ Experiment
• Aim
• Materials required
• Observation
• Result
• Discussion and sources of error
➢Bibliography
INTRODUCTION

All the properties depend on the number of solute particles


irrespective of their nature relative to the number of particles
present in the solution. Such properties are called Colligative
properties.

It means that two solutions having different components but


same mole fraction of solute can have identical colligative
properties.
Types Of COllIgaTIve
pROpeRTIes
1. Relative lowering in vapour pressure
2. Elevation in boiling point
3. Depression in freezing point
4. Osmotic pressure

elevaTION IN bOIlINg
pOINT
The temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid
becomes equal to the external pressure is called the Boiling
point.
The vapour pressure of the solution decreases upon addition
of non volatile solute, according to Raoult’s law. Hence
boiling point of the solution increases. The increase in boiling
point of a liquid when a non volatile solute is added in it is
called Boiling point elevation.
The vapour pressure of a liquid increases with of temperature.
The boiling point of a solution is always higher than that of
the pure solvent in which the solution is prepared. Similar, to
the lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point
also depend on the number of the solute molecules rather than
their nature.
Tb, the boiling elevation, is defined as
Tb (solution) - Tb (solution).
It depends upon the number of moles of the added nonvolatile
solute.

For dilute solutions the elevation of boiling point ( Tb) is


directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solute
in the solution.

T b  m
or Tb = Kb x m
‘m’ = molality of the solute (no. of moles of solute dissolved
in 1 kg of solvent)
Kb=Ebullioscopic Constant or molal elevation constant,
which depends on the solvent.
Unit of Kb is K kg mol-1
If w2 gram of solute of molar mass M2 is dissolved in w1 gram
of solvent, then molality, m of the solution is given by the
expression:

m = (w2/M2)  (w1/1000) = (1000 xw2)  (M2 xw1)


Tb = (Kb x1000 xw2)  (M2 xw1)
M2 = (1000 xw2 xKb)  (Tb xw1)
Experiment
AIM:
To study the effect of various solutes on the elevation of
boiling point.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
1. Bunsen Burner
2. Tripod Stand
3. Wire Mesh
4. 250ml Flask
5. Glass Stirrer
6. Beckmann’s Thermometer
7. Solutes Under Investigation
8. Tap Water
PROCEDURE:
1. Set up the apparatus using a 250ml beaker containing
200ml of the experimental solution.

2. Put the beaker on the tripod stand with a wire mesh and
use the Bunsen burner to heat the solution.

3. A celestial thermometer calibrated up to 110 degree


Celsius is immersed in the solution in the beaker with the
help of a clamp stand.

4. The initial temperature taken before starting the


experiment was considered as the room temperature.

5. At first find the boiling point of the tap water. This


temperature is taken as the standard boiling point of the
solution.
6. Now, prepare three different concentrations of Glucose
and boil 250ml of each one by one in the beaker.

7. Take the readings of the temperature after every 20


seconds.

8. After 90 seconds, take the readings after every 10 seconds


in order to easily find out the concurrent result.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
The boiling point of tap water as solvent is found to be
99.3oC

Least count of thermometer: 0.1oC


Table for elevation in boiling point:

Mass of Molal Measured Elevation in


solute concentration temperature b.p. from
(grams) (mole/kg) of b.p. (oC) experiment(oC)
Glucose
0.125 99.4 0.1
0.250 100.6 1.3
0.500 101.1 1.8
1.000 101.2 1.9

RESULT:
On increasing the concentration, the boiling point of glucose increases
DISCUSSION AND SOURCES OF ERROR:
Due to non-availability of distilled water, tap water was also
used. Moreover, due to prolonged heating, some of the
solution evaporates bringing about a change in the actual
concentrations. So it can be suggested that increases in boiling
point is dependent only on the number of moles solute.
The difference between theoretical predictions and
experimentally found values can be attributed to
experimental errors as experiment was not conducted in
controlled laboratory conditions.
It is proved that when a non-volatile solute is added to a
volatile solvent, the boiling point of the solvent increases.
Also, this increase in boiling point is not dependent on the
nature of the solute but depends only on the number of moles
of the solute. Thus, this elevation in boiling point is a
colligative property.
Bibliography

➢Chemistry textbook for class XII, Part-1, NCERT


➢Chemistry Laboratory Manual for class XII, NCERT
➢www.wikipedia.org

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