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PE Lab # 13

The document outlines a lab focused on the implementation of a unipolar modulation scheme for a full bridge DC-AC inverter, detailing objectives such as analyzing gate inputs, comparator outputs, and output waveforms. It provides theoretical background on inverters, specifically full bridge inverters, including their construction, working principle, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. The lab tasks include waveform simulations and analysis of the inverter's performance using unipolar modulation techniques.

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NOUMAN AHMED
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

PE Lab # 13

The document outlines a lab focused on the implementation of a unipolar modulation scheme for a full bridge DC-AC inverter, detailing objectives such as analyzing gate inputs, comparator outputs, and output waveforms. It provides theoretical background on inverters, specifically full bridge inverters, including their construction, working principle, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. The lab tasks include waveform simulations and analysis of the inverter's performance using unipolar modulation techniques.

Uploaded by

NOUMAN AHMED
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB # 13

Title:

Implementation of unipolar modulation scheme for full bridge DC-AC inverter

Objectives:

Following are our objectives of this lab.

• to analyze gate input of all four mosfets


• to analyze comparator’s outputs
• to analyze output waveform with and without filter.
• to analyze function of switch used.
• to analyze use and working of driver IC in the circuit

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND:

Inverter:

The inverter is an electrical device that converts DC input supply to symmetric AC voltage of
standard magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also named as DC to AC converter.
An ideal inverter input and output can be represented either in a sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal
waveform. If the input source to the inverter is a voltage source, then the inverter is said to be
called a voltage source inverter (VSI) and if the input source to the inverter is a current
source, then it is called as current source inverter (CSI). Inverters are classified into 2 types
according to the type of load being used i.e, single-phase inverters, and three-phase inverters.
Single-phase inverters are further classified into 2 types of half-bridge inverter and full-
bridge inverter.

FULL BRIDGE DC-AC INVERTER:

A full bridge single phase inverter is a switching device that generates a square wave AC
output voltage on the application of DC input by adjusting the switch turning ON and OFF
based on the appropriate switching sequence, where the output voltage generated is of the
form +Vdc, -Vdc, Or Classification of Inverters

Single phase inverters are classified into two main types on basis of type of load.

1
• Half-bridge inverter
• Full bridge inverter
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING PRINCIPLE OF FULL BRIDGE INVERTER:

CONSTRUCTION:
The construction of full-bridge inverter is, it consists of 4 choppers where each chopper
consists of a pair of a transistor or a thyristor and a diode, pair connected together that is
• T1 and D1 are connected in parallel,
• T4 and D2 are connected in parallel,
• T3 and D3 are connected in parallel, and
• T2 and D4 are connected in parallel.
A load V0 is connected between the pair of choppers at “AB” and the end terminals of T1
and T4 are connected to voltage source VDC and detailed circuit diagram of full bridge
inverter is shown below.

Working Principle of Single-Phase Full Bridge Inverter:


The working principle of single-phase full bridge inverter is based on the sequential
triggering of thyristors placed diagonally opposite. This means, for half of time period,
thyristors T3 & T4 will be triggered while for the remaining half of time period, T1 & T2 will
be triggered. Only two thyristors are turned ON in half of the time period.

Carefully observe the waveform of the gating signal. You will notice that thyristors T1 & T2
are triggered simultaneously for a time T/2. Therefore, load is connected to source through
T1 & T2 and hence, the load voltage is equal to the source voltage with positive polarity.

2
This is the reason; the load voltage is shown positive & equal to V s in the output voltage
waveform. As soon as the gate signal (i g1 & ig2) are removed, T1 and T2 gest turned OFF.
However, at the same instant gate signal (i g3 & ig4) are applied and hence, T3 & T4 are turned
ON. When T3 & T4 are conducting, load gets connected to the source. The load voltage
magnitude is again Vs but with reverse polarity. This is the reason; the output voltage is
shown negative in the voltage waveform.

Conditions:
For the time 0<t≤(T/2), thyristors T1 & T2 conducts and load voltage Vo = Vs.
For the time (T/2) <t≤T, thyristors T3 & T4 conducts and load voltage Vo = -Vs.

Purpose of Diodes D1 to D4:


If the load is purely resistive, there is no need to put diode D1 to D4 as the output voltage and
current are always in phase. But unfortunately, for loads other than purely resistive, the load
current (io) will not be in phase with the load voltage (v o). For such case, the diode connected
in anti-parallel with the thyristor will allow the current to flow when main thyristor is turned
off. When these diode conducts, the energy is fed back to the DC source and hence, these
diodes (D1 to D4) are called flyback diode. Advantages of Single-Phase Full Bridge Inverter
The following are the advantages.

• Output voltage is two times of input voltage.


• Energy efficient
• The current rating of the power devices is equal to the load current.
• Absence of voltage fluctuation in the circuit
• Suitable for high input voltage
Disadvantages of Single-Phase Full Bridge Inverter:

The following are the disadvantages.

• Losses are high in case of full bridge inverter.


• The efficiency of the full-bridge inverter is less than half bridge. Its efficiency is
almost (95%) while for half bridge inverter is (99%).
• High noise.

3
Applications of Single-Phase Full Bridge Inverter The

following are the applications.

• Solar Inverters
• compressors,
• Applicable in applications like low and medium power. For example, square
wave / quasi square wave voltage
• A sinusoidal wave which is distorted is used as input in high power applications.
• other applications like AC variable motor, heating induction device, standby power
supply

Lab Tasks:

Waveform and Simulations:


UNIPOLAR Modulation Technique Circuit

Output of single voltage source convertor using unipolar technique:

4
Comparison of Comparators

When Q1 and Q4 are ON:

5
When Q2 and Q3 are ON:

6
ANALYSIS:

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