CHAPTER

5 Lines and Angles

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+ Point: A point is a geometrical representation of a location. It is represented by a dot.
+ Line: A geometrical line is a set of points that extends endlessly in both the directions i.e.,
a line has no end points. A line AB is represented as AB .

[~ : : ~)
+ Line segment: A line segment is a part of a line. A line segment has two end points. A line
segment AB is represented as AB .

[: :l
, . . . . - - - - - - -......

+ Ray: A ray is a part of the line which has one end point (namely its starting point).

[~ :~ )
A ray OP IS denoted as O P.
0 -

+ Angle: An angle is the union of two rays with a common initial point.
The symbol of angle is L . An angle is measured in degrees (0 ).
--+ --+
The angle formed by the two rays AB and AC is denoted by L. BAC or L.CAB .

The two rays ABand Al are called the arms and the common initial point 'A' is called the
vertex of the angle ABC.
+ Types of Angles:
(i) Right angle: An angle whose measure is equal to 90° is called a right angle.

(ii)
I :~J
Acute angle: An angle whose measure is less than 90o is called an acute angle.

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rl BMA's Talent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Cla ss VII - Mathematics

(iii) Obtuse angle: An angle whose measure is greater than go• but less than 180. is
called an obtuse angle.

(iv)
·---~ A C
Straight angle: An angle whose measure is equal to 180. is called a straight angle.

[•a "i'tso·c·]
(v) Complete angle: An angle whose measure is exactly equal to 360. is called a complete
angle.

(vi) Reflex angle: An angle which is greater than 180• but less than 360• is called a reflex
angle.

[·-------,~
Zero angle: An angle whose measure is o· is called a zero angle.

!.l
(vii)

[.
Note: --
In a zero angle, the rays OA and 08 coincide without any rotation of 08.
That is no angle is formed between the two rays.
-
+ Related Angles:
(i) Complementary angles: Two angles are said to be complementary if the sum of
their measures is equal to go•.

Here Lx + Ly =go·, therefore L x and L y are complementary angles.

(ii) Supplementary angles: Two angles are said to be supplementary if the sum of their

[,.•.- -~-vd-x
measures is equal to 180·.

8- . A-----,.1

Here, Lx + Ly = 1so·, therefore L x and L y are supplementary angles.

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 BMA'sTalent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VII - Mathematics

+ Adjacent angles: Angles having a common vertex, a common arm and the non-common

IAI
arms lying on either side of the common arm are called adjacent angles.

--+
In the given figure, LAO B and LCOB have a common vertex '0 ', a common arm OB and
--+ --+ --+
OA and oc are on opposite sides of OB . So they are adjacent angles.
+ Linear pair of angles: Two adjacent angles make a linear pair of angles, if the non-common
arms of these angles form two opposite rays (with same end point).
In the figure given, the angles BAC and CAD form a linear pair of angles because the non-

4
common arms AB and AD of the two angles are the opposite rays, with the same vertex A.

[. D •
B
Moreover, LBAC + LDAC = 180° .

Note: 1. A linear pair is always supplementary.

2. A linear pair is always adjacent, while a pair of adjacent angles need not be a
linear pair.

+ Vertically opposite angles: Two angles having the same vertex are said to form a pair of
vertically opposite angles, if their arms form two pairs of opposite rays.
In the figure given, LBOD and LAOC are a pair of vertically opposite angles because
they have common vertex at 0 and also OB, OA; OC, OD are two pairs of opposite rays.
Vertically opposite angles are formed when two lines intersect.

1~1
Similarly, we find that LBOC and LAOD is another pair of vertically opposite angles.

Note: If two lines intersect each other, the vertically opposite angles formed are equal.

Pair of Lines:
+ Intersecting lines: Two lines which are distinct and have a common point are called intersecting
lines. The common point is called the point of intersection of the two lines.
+ Perpendicular lines: If two lines l and m intersect at right angles, they are called
perpendicular lines, denoted as z .l m, read as l is perpendicular to m.
+ Parallel lines: Two lines l and m are said to be parallel, if they lie in the same plane and do
not intersect when produced however far on either side and is written as l I I m read as l
is parallel to m.

5. Lines and Angles

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rl BMA's Talent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Cla ss VII - Mathematics

+ Transversal: A line which intersects two or more lines at distinct points is called a transversal.

In the given figure, p is a transversal to the lines land m.

+ Angles made by a transversal:
In the figure given, lines l and m are cut by the transversal p. The eight angles marked 1 to
8 have names given in the table.

Interior angles L3, L4, LS, L6

Exterior angles L l, L2, L1, L8
Ll and LS, L2 and L 6, L4 and
Pairs of corresponding angles
L8, L3and L7
Pairs of alternate interior angles L3 and LS, L4 and L6
Pairs of alternate exterior angles L l and 0, L2 and L8
Pairs of interior angles on the
L4 and LS, L3 and L6
same side of the transversal

+ If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then

(i) each pair of corresponding angles is equal.
(ii) each pair of alternate interior angles is equal.
(iii) each pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal is supplementary.
(iv) each pair of alternate exterior angles is equal.
(v) each pair of exterior angles on the same side of the transversal is supplementary.

Note: (i) The F-shape stands for (ii) The Z-shape stands for
corresponding angles. alternate angles.

+ Two lines are said to be parallel, when a transversal cuts these lines such that pairs of
(i) corresponding angles are equal.
(ii) alternate interior angles are equal.
(iii) interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary.

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 BMA'sTalent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VII - Mathematics

• Which of the following are the units of

an angle?
• In L ROP. what is the vertex?

•
(A) Seconds (B) Kilograms
(C) Degrees (D) Kilometres
What do we call an angle which exactly
measures go·?
(A) R (B) p (C) 0 (D) PR
(A) An obtuse angle
(B) An acute angle What are the two arms of L DEF?

•
(C) A right angle

-- - -
(D) A reflex angle

-- - -
What do we call an angle whose
measurement is exactly equal to 0"?
(A) ED and EF (B) DE and EF
(A) An obtuse angle
(C) FE and FD (D) DE and FD

CD
(B) A straight angle
(C) A zero angle When two line segments meet at a point
(D) A right angle forming right angles, what type of

0 What is an angle which measures exactly

180. called?
segments are they called?
(A) Parallel segments

•
(B) Perpendicular segments

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(A) A zero angle (B) A right angle
(C) Equal segments

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(C) A straight angle (D) An acute angle
(D) Bisecting segments
Which instrument is used to measure or
construct angles? How is " AB is perpendicular to CD "

-- --
•
(A) Compasses (B) Scale written symbolically?

-- --
(C) Protractor (D) Set squares
(A) AB ..LCD (B) AB II CD
How many rays can be drawn from a
given point? (C) AB= :t CD (D) AB CD

•
(A) 2
(C) 8
(B) 5
(D) Infinitely many
• 00 .l PR. What is the measure of
LQOR?
What do we call a 169. angle?
(A) An obtuse angle
(B) An acute angle [,.-r-•.[

•
(C) A right angle (A) 180° (B) 45°
(D) A zero angle (C) 90° (D) 120°
What happens to the measurment of an • A line AB is parallel to the line CD. How is

-- --
angle after the extension of its arms?
this symbolically written?

-- --
=
(A) Doubles
(B) Triples (A) AB :t CD (B) AB CD
(C) Remains the same
(D) Cannot be said (C) AB ..l CD (D) AB // CD

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 BMA's Talent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VII - Mathematics

CD What are the lines which lie on the same

plane and do not intersect at any point
(24- 30}: Observe the given figure in which
l II m and n is the transversal and
called? answer the questions that follow.
(A) Perpendicular lines • What type of angles are 'a' and 'p'?
(B) Intersecting lines
(C) Parallellines
(D) Collinear lines
0 When two lines are parallel, what is the
distance between them?
(A) Corresponding angles
(A) Remains equal.
(B) Alternate angles
(B) Does not remain equal.

•
(C) Vertically opposite angles
(C) Increases on the right.
(D) Decreases on the right. (D) Interior angle on the same side of
the transversal
What is the number of pairs of parallel
lines in the given figure? What type of angles are 'c' and 'p'?
p Q (A) Corresponding angles

CJ
s R
(B) Alternate angles
(C) Vertically opposite angles
(D) Interior angles on the same side of
(A) Z (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) 3
the transversal
What is the complementary angle of zoo?
Which of the following is a pair of
(A) 70° (B) 180° (C) goo (D) 150° corresponding angles?
What is the supplementary angle of (A) d and c (B) s and r
1ZOO? (C) c and r (D) p and q
Which of the following is a pair of
(A) zoo (B) goo (C) 60° (D) 180°
vertically opposite angles?
What is the measure of a comple-mentary (A) a and b (B) a and p
angle of an angle greater than 45°? (C) s and r (D) p and r
(A) Less than 45° (B) Equal to 45° If the measure of 'c' is 11 0°, what is the
(C) Greater than 45° (D) Equal to goo measure of 's' ?
(A) 45° (B) 11 oo (C) 70° (D) 180°
Which of the following is true?
G) If the measure of b = 70°, what is the

•
(A) Two acute angles are supplementary. measure of s ?
(B) Two obtuse angles are supplementary.
(A) 11 oo (B) 70° (C) goo (D) 180°
(C) Two right angles are supplementary.
(D) Two reflex angles are supplementary. If b = 70°, what is the measure of
b + p?
Find the angle which is a complement of
(A) 180° (B) 11 oo (C) goo (D) 70°
G
itself.
(A) 30° (B) 45° (C) goo (D) 180° The angle between the two blades of a
scissors is 1g4o. What type of an angle is it?
Which of the following ang les is a
supplement of itself? (A) straight ang le (B) reflex ang le
(A) goo (B) 180° (C) 45° (D) 11 oo (C) obtuse angle (D) complete angle

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 BMA'sTalent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VII - Mathematics

Observe the figure given. Find the angle x in the given figure, if
. AB II CD .
s
Which of the following is true if
PQ = RS?
(A) PQ + QR = RS (B) PR = QS
c
(C) PQ + QS = RS (D) PQ-RS = QR
(A) 75° (B) 55° (C) 160° (D) 145°
PQR is a straight line.
Through the vertex A of ~ABC , a line
XV is drawn parallel to BC.
~ n12nooo / tT
~
2~ ~
p Q R
What is the value of x?
(A) 20° (B) 25° (C) 15° (D) 30°
Which of the following is correct?
In the given figure, what is the measure
(A) b = y (B) c = X
of x? (C) a= b (D) a + b + C=X + a+y
• Find the unknown angle x in the figure.

c~__o..,.........,.--::-- E

•
(A) 32° (B) 148° (C) 64° (D) 180°
In the figure, AB, CD and U are three F

E*D
straight lines that interesect at 0. If y is
thrice x, find the value of y. (A) 45° (B) 125° (C) goo (D) 80°
' Observe the figure given.
•
r---------------~

A~ B
~D
~
•
C F
(A) g7.5° (B) 35° (C) 32.5° (D) gao
A B C
In the figure, AB II CD and XV is the
transversal. Compute the sum of x, y and z.
(A) 180° (B) 70° (C) 1goo (D) 80°
If the angles (2a - 10)' and (a - 11 )' are
complementary, what is the value of 'a'?
(A) 37' (B) 27' (C) 1r (D) r
If -
OP- is a ray standing on a line +-+
QR
such that LPOQ = LPOR , what is the
Which of the following is incorrect? measure LPOQ ?
(A) p = 115° (B) q = 115° (A) 45o (B) 60° (C) 75o (D) go•
(C) q = 65° (D) r = 115°

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 BMA's Talent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VII - Mathematics

0 In the figure given, a II b and c II d. If

Previous Contest Questions~ L1 =7 so , what is the measure of L3?

0 In the figure, ACE, BCF and DCG are

straight lines and AB II HC.

•
(A) 1aso (B) 1Sao (C) 7So (D)1aao

In the figure given, LXOZ and LYOZ

form a linear pair. If p- q = sao, what are
the respective values of p and q?

Find the angles p, q, rand s.

p q r s I·~ P~·l
•
(A) 45° 50° 65° 50° (A) saoand 13ao (B) 13aoand sao
(C) 12aoand 6ao (D) 6aoand 12ao
(B) 45° 65° 50° 50°
In the figure given, what is the value of 't'?
(C) 45° 65° 50° 65°
(D) 45° 50° 65° 65°

• In the figure given, what is the value of Lt?

(A) so (B) 1ao (C) 1So (D) 2ao

0

• a
p q
Given ABE is a straight line.
(A) 3ao (B) 4ao (C) sao (D) 6ao
In lhe figure given, if AB II CD, what are
the respective values of 'p' and 'q ' ?
A B E

•
E
Find angle y.
(A) 6ao (B) 1200 (C) 1Sao (D) 3ao
In the given figure, what is the measure
ofq?

F
(A) 7S and 2ao
0
(B) 2ao and 7S 0
(C) 2S0 and 1ao (D) 1aoand 2S0
(A) 48° (B) 900 (C) 42° (D) 11 ao

II 5. Lines and Angles