ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CENG 362 Hydraulic Structure I Date June 17th 2013
Final Semester Exam Time allocated 3hr.
Note: The Exam is closed book
There are two sections to this Exam. Section one carries six theoretical questions with 40% of grade
point and Section two is design and/or Analysis of Embankment dam and Spillway with 60% grade
point. Be sure to answer all of the questions and be specific in your answers. Avoid vagueness and
explain your answers fully.

WARNING!! You may note that in case your EXAM response(s) happens to be a copy of your friend response
or a copy of cheat sheet, your EXAM may be summarily rejected and/or your marks may be made null and
void. Therefore, you are strongly advised not to allow any other student to copy it or not to use cheat sheet.

Name (and ID):______________________________________________________________________

Part I: BASIC CONCEPTS (40% point, equal weight for each questions)
1. Arc Dam
(a)What is the difference between arc dam and gravity dam, answer this problem with respect to
load distribution and transfer mechanism of arch dams and gravity dams?
(b) Verify with net sketch why the constant angle arc profile is suited to narrow and steeped V-
shape valley while constant radius arch profile is suited to symmetrical U-shape valley?

2. Embankment Dam: Piping may occur in the dam body or through foundation.
(a) What is piping?
(b) What are the main causes of piping to occur in the dam body and in the foundation?
(c) How do you minimize the occurrence or effect of piping in the dam and the foundation?

3. Discuss the critical loading conditions for stability analysis of embankment dam
(a) The critical loading condition for the upstream slope of earth fill dam
(b) The critical loading condition for the downstream slope of earth fill dam and
(c) State the reason why those loading conditions are critical.

4. Embankment dams, like any other engineering structure, may fail due to improper design, faulty
construction, lack of maintenance, etc. Generally causes of failure are grouped in to three main
classes. Please list and discuss these causes of failure of embankment dams.

5. Spillway: An ogee profile is a curve shaped somewhat like an “ S ” and is a common control
structure shape for spillways. This structure (ogee crest) has received much attention by researchers
and its hydraulic characteristics are well understood.
(a) What is (are) the main advantage(s) in using Ogee shaped spillway?
(b) List (if any) their hydraulic limitations and construction problems and
(c) I there a specific topographical conditions suited for selection of this profile?

6. Energy Dissipation: the tail water depth and the characteristics of the hydraulic jump, if formed, at
the toe govern the choice of the energy-dissipating device at a particular spillway. What measures
can be under taken to stabilize a hydraulic jump, if the conjugate depth of the jump is always greater
than the tail water depth?

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Part II: Design and Analysis (60% point )

1. An earthen dam made of homogeneous materials has the hydraulic data labeled on the figure below and
properties of the material of the dam as follows:
 Dry density = 18KN/m3
 Saturation density = 21 KN/m3
 Average angle of friction = 300
 Average cohesion = 16KN/m2

The necessary data about the slices at the downstream slope is also given in the table 1
A. Calculate and draw the seepage line inside the dam when the reservoir is full and show the entrance and
exit conditions of the seepage line.
B. Calculate the discharge through the dam when the permeability of the dam material is 10 -7 m/sec.
C. Checks the overall stability of the u/s face at the base of the dam with approximate method.
D. Analyze the stability of the d/s slope using Swedish Slip Circle method. Show how you obtain the locus
of center of failure surfaces (R=71.3m) and consider toe failure case? [use the slices shown below for
your analysis]

10m
Top crest level = 210m
High flood level = 210m
A1
2.5:1
A2
3:1
A3

A4
Bed level = 192m

16m
Table 1: data about the d/s slices
Downstream
Slices Cord
length, L
Area (m2)  (deg) (m)
A1 68.58 40 18
A2 111.48 28 15.4
A3 96.1 17 14.2
A4 40.11 7 13.7

Note that the seepage line crosses A1 and A2 of the downstream slices and the saturated area for both slices
is 20% of the total area given in the table 1 above.

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2.Design Question of Overflow Spillway

A. Using the following data, design a overflow spillway with the profiles.

 Height of the spillway crest = 50m

 Number of spans = 10
 Length of each span (clear) = 12.5m
 Downstream slope of the spillway = 0.75(H) : 1(V)
 Rock condition = good
 Design discharge = 8500 m3/sec
 Coefficient of discharge = 2.20
 Kp = 0.01 and Ka =0.10
 For vertical upstream face (K = 2 and n = 1.85)

For the upstream profile you may use either of the two equations

Alternative -1:

Alternative - 2: Values of R1 = 0.5Hd and R2 = 0.20Hd with a = 0.175Hd and b = 0.282Hd

B. Inorder to dissipate the energy below the spillway, it is proposed to form a hydraulic jump in a stilling
basin at the toe of the spillway. Calculate the length and height of the sidewall of the stilling basin.

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