संदेश

विद्यालयी विक्षा में िैवक्षक उत्कृष्टता प्राप्त करना केन्द्रीय विद्यालय

संगठन की सिोच्च िरीयता है । हमारे विद्यार्थी, विक्षक एिं िैवक्षक
नेतृत्व कताा वनरं तर उन्नवत हे तु प्रयासरत रहते हैं । राष्टरीय विक्षा नीवत
2020 के संदर्ा में योग्यता आधाररत अवधगम एिं मूल्ां कन संबन्धित
उद्दे श्ों को प्राप्त करना तर्था सीबीएसई के वदिा वनदे िों का पालन,
ितामान में इस प्रयास को और र्ी चुनौतीपूर्ा बनाता है ।
केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन के पां चों आं चलिक लशक्षा एवं प्रलशक्षण
संस्थान द्वारा संकवलत यह ‘विद्यार्थी सहायक सामग्री’ इसी वदिा में
एक आिश्क कदम है । यह सहायक सामग्री कक्षा 9 से 12 के
विद्यावर्था यों के वलए सर्ी महत्वपूर्ा विषयों पर तै यार की गयी है ।
केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन की ‘विद्यार्थी सहायक सामग्री’ अपनी
गु र्ित्ता एिं परीक्षा संबंधी सामग्री-संकलन की वििेषज्ञता के वलए
जानी जाती है और अन्य विक्षर् संस्र्थान र्ी इसका उपयोग परीक्षा
संबंधी पठन सामग्री की तरह करते रहे हैं । िुर्-आिा एिं विश्वास है
वक यह सहायक सामग्री विद्यावर्थायों की सहयोगी बनकर सतत
मागा दिान करते हुए उन्हें सफलता के लक्ष्य तक पहुं चाएगी ।
िुर्ाकां क्षा सवहत ।

वनवध पां डे
आयुक्त, केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन

KVS ZIET MYSORE 2

 TEAM
COORDINATOR
Mr. DAVINDER SINGH
PRINCIPAL, PM SHRI KV CHAMARAJANAGARA, (BENGALURU)

MR. DINESH KUMAR

TA(PHYSICS), ZIET MYSORE

EDITOR
Mr. SRIKANTH GOUD
PGT (Comp. Sc.), KV BIDAR (BENGALURU)
REVIEWED BY
Mr. SUNIL KUMAR C K
PGT (Comp. Sc.), PM SHRI KV CHAMARAJANAGARA (BENGALURU)
Designation
Name of Teacher Name of KV Region

Mr. PRATHISH C P PGT (Comp. Sc) K V PAYYANUR ERNAKULAM

Mr. SHEMEER K A PGT (Comp. Sc) K V THRISSUR ERNAKULAM
PGT (Comp. Sc)
Ms. LATHA A RAMAKRISHNAN K V RAMAVARMAPURAM ERNAKULAM

Ms. K VIMALA THOMAS PGT (Comp. Sc) K V INS DRONACHARYA ERNAKULAM

Ms. RADHA MOHAN PGT (Comp. Sc) K V PATTOM (SHIFT I) ERNAKULAM

Ms. SONAM DUTTA PGT (Comp. Sc) KV DRDO BENGALURU

Ms. ANSHU JAIN PGT (Comp. Sc) KV HASSAN BENGALURU

Mr. AMIT KUMAR GUPTA PGT (Comp. Sc) KV RWF YELHANKA BENGALURU

Ms. LIJINA PGT (Comp. Sc) KV NO2 MANGALORE BENGALURU

Mr. SUNIL KUMAR C K PGT (Comp. Sc) KV CHAMARAJNAGARA BENGALURU

KVS ZIET MYSORE 3

 Table of Content

S.NO. TOPIC PAGE

NO.
1 CURRICULUM 5-16
2 COMMUNICATION SKILLS 17-29
3 SELF MANAGEMENT SKILLS 30-37
4 ENTERPRENEURIAL SKILLS 38-48
5 ICT SKILLS 49-58
6 GREEN SKILLS 59-65
7 AI REFLECTION, PROJECT CYCLE 66-84
AND ETHICS
8 DATA LITERACY 85-108
9 MATH FOR AI (STATISTICS & 109-119
PROBABILITY)
10 INTRODUCTION TO GENERATIVE AI 120-133

11 INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON 134-147

12 SAMPLE PAPER 148-169

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 CBSE | DEPARTMENT OF SKILL
EDUCATION CURRICULUM FOR SESSION 2024-2025

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (SUB. CODE 417)

CLASS – IX

OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE:

The objective of this module/curriculum, which combines both Inspire and Acquire
modules, is to develop a readiness for understanding and appreciating Artificial Intelligence
and its application in our lives. This module/curriculum focuses on:
1. Helping learners understand the world of Artificial Intelligence and its
applications through games, activities and multi-sensorial learning to become AI-
Ready.
2. Introducing the learners to three domains of AI in an age-appropriate manner.
3. Allowing the learners to construct the meaning of AI through interactive
participation and engaging hands-on activities.
4. Revisiting AI domains, project cycle and Ethics
5. Introducing the learners to the importance of Math for AI, data literacy and generative
AI
6. Introducing the learners to programming skills - Basic python coding language.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Learners will be able to:
1. Identify and appreciate Artificial Intelligence and describe its applications in daily life.
2. Relate, apply and reflect on Human-Machine Interactions to identify and interact
with the three domains of AI: Data, Computer Vision and Natural Language
Processing and Undergo assessment for analyzing their progress towards acquiring
AI-Readiness skills.
3. Imagine, examine and reflect on the skills required for a futuristic job opportunity.
4. Unleash their imagination towards smart homes and build an interactive story around it.
5. Understand the impact of Artificial Intelligence on Sustainable Development Goals
to develop responsible citizenship.
6. Research and develop awareness of the skills required for jobs in the future.
7. Gain awareness about AI bias and AI access and describe the potential ethical
considerations of AI.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 5

 8. Develop effective communication and collaborative work skills.
9. Get familiar w i t h and motivated towards Artificial Intelligence and Identify the
AI Project Cycle framework.

10. Learn problem scoping and ways to set goals for an AI project and understand the
iterative nature of problem scoping in the AI project cycle.

11. Brainstorm on the ethical issues involved around the problem selected.
12. Foresee the kind of data required and the kind of analysis to be done, identify data
requirements and find reliable sources to obtain relevant data.
13. Use various types of graphs to visualize the acquired data.
14. Understand the types of modeling.
15. Understand the importance of Math for AI.
16. Learn the concept of data literacy and generative AI
17. Acquire introductory Python programming skills in a very user-friendly format.
SKILLS TO BE DEVELOPED:

SCHEME OF STUDIES:
This course is a planned sequence of instructions consisting of units meant for developing the
employability and vocational competencies of students of Class IX opting for skill subjects
along with other education subjects.
The unit-wise distribution of hours and marks for classes IX & X is as follows:

KVS ZIET MYSORE 6

 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(SUBJECT CODE 417)
CLASS – IX (SESSION 2024-2025)
Total Marks: 100 (Theory-50 + Practical-50)

NO. OF HOURS MAX. MARKS

UNITS for Theory and for Theory and
Practical Practical
Employability Skills
Unit 1: Communication Skills-I 10 2
PART A

Unit 2: Self-Management Skills-I 10 2

Unit 3: ICT Skills-I 10 2
Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills-I 15 2
Unit 5: Green Skills-I 05 2
Total 50 10
Subject Specific Skills
Theory Practical
Unit 1: AI Reflection, Project Cycle and Ethics 30 25 10
PART B

Unit 2: Data Literacy 22 28 10

Unit 3: Math for AI (Statistics & Probability) 12 13 07
Unit 4: Introduction to Generative AI 08 12 05
Unit 5: Introduction to Python 01 09 08
Total 160 40
Practical Work
Unit 5: Introduction to Python
15
Practical File (minimum 15 programs)
Practical Examination
● Simple programs using input and output
PART C

function
● Variables, Arithmetic Operators,
15
Expressions, Data Types
● Flow of control and conditions
● Lists
* Any 3 programs based on the above topics
Viva Voce 5
Total 35
PART D

Project Work / Field Visit / Student Portfolio

15
* relate it to Sustainable Development Goals

Total 15

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 GRAND TOTAL 210 100

DETAILED CURRICULUM/TOPICS FOR CLASS IX:

PART-A: EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

S. No. Units Duration in Hours

1. Unit 1: Communication Skills-I 10
2. Unit 2: Self-management Skills-I 10
3. Unit 3: Information and Communication Technology Skills-I 10
4. Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills-I 15
5. Unit 5: Green Skills-I 05
TOTAL 50

NOTE: Detailed curriculum/ topics to be covered under Part A:

Employability Skills can be downloaded from CBSE website.

PART-B – SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS

❖ Unit 1: AI Reflection, Project Cycle and Ethics
❖ Unit 2: Data Literacy
❖ Unit 3: Math for AI (Statistics & Probability)
❖ Unit 4: Introduction to Generative AI
❖ Unit 5: Introduction to Python

UNIT 1: AI REFLECTION, PROJECT CYCLE AND ETHICS

SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL

AI To identify and appreciate Session: Introduction to AI and setting up the
Reflection Artificial Intelligence and context of the curriculum
describe its applications in
daily life. ● Recommended Activity: Make a statement
about lighting and LUIS will interpret and
adjust the house accordingly
https://aidemos.microsoft.com/luis/demo

KVS ZIET MYSORE 8

 To recognize, engage and Recommended Activity: The AI Game
relate with the three realms of ● Learners to participate in three games based
AI: , Computer Vision, Data on different AI domains.
Statistics and Natural − Game 1: Rock, Paper and Scissors (based
Language Processing. on data) https://next.rockpaperscissors.ai/
− Game 2: Semantris (based on Natural
Language Processing - NLP)
https://research.google.com/semantris/
− Game 3: Quick Draw (based on Computer
Vision - CV)
https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/

SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL

AI Identify the AI Project Cycle Session: Introduction to AI Project Cycle
PROJECT framework. ● Problem Scoping
CYCLE ● Data Acquisition
● Data Exploration
● Modeling
● Evaluation
● Deployment
Learn problem scoping and Session: Problem Scoping
ways to set goals for an AI Activity: Brainstorm around the theme provided
project. and set a goal for the AI project.
● Discuss various topics within the given
theme and select one.
● Fill in the 4Ws problem canvas and a
problem statement to learn more about the
problem identified in the community/ society
● List down/ Draw a mind map of problems
related to the selected topic and choose one
problem to be the goal for the project.
Identify stakeholders involved ● Activity: To set actions around the goal.
in the problem scoped. ● List down the stakeholders involved in the
Brainstorm on the ethical problem.
issues involved around the ● Search on the current actions taken to solve
problem selected. this problem.
● Think around the ethics involved in the goal of
your project.
Understand the iterative nature Activity: Data and Analysis
of problem scoping for in the AI ● What are the data features needed?
project cycle. ● How will the features collected affect the
Foresee the kind of data problem?
required and the kind of ● Where can you get the data?
analysis to be done. ● How frequent do you have to collect the
data?
● What happens if you don’t have enough
data?
● What kind of analysis needs to be done?
● How will it be validated?
● How does the analysis inform the action?

KVS ZIET MYSORE 9

 Share what the students have Presentation: Presenting the goal, actions and
discussed so far. data.
Teamwork Activity:
● Brainstorming solutions for the problem
statement.
Identify data requirements and Session: Data Acquisition
find reliable sources to obtain Activity: Introduction to data and its types.
relevant data. ● Students work around the scenarios given to
them and think of ways to acquire data.
Activity: Data Features
● Identifying the possible data features
affecting the problem.
Activity: System Maps
● Creating system maps considering data
features identified.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 10

SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL
To understand the purpose of Session: Data Exploration/ Data Visualisation
Data Visualisation ● Need of visualising data
● Ways to visualise data using various
types of graphical tools.
Quiz Time
Use various types of graphs to Recommended Activities: Let’s use Graphical
visualise acquired data. Tools
● Selecting an appropriate graphical
format and presenting the graph
sketched.
● Understanding graphs using
https://datavizcatalogue.com/
● Listing of newly learnt data visualization
techniques.
● Top 10 Song Prediction: Identify the data
features, collect the data and convert into
graphical representation.
● Collect and store data in a spreadsheet
and create some graphical
representations to understand the data
effectively.
Understand modeling (Rule- Session: Modeling
based & Learning-based) ● Introduction to modeling and types of
models (Rule-based & Learning-based)
Understand various evaluation Session: Evaluation
techniques. Learners will understand about new terms
● True Positive
● False Positive
● True Negative
● False Negative
Challenge students to think Session: Deployment
about how they can apply their Recommended Case Study: Preventable
knowledge of deployment in Blindness.
future AI projects and Activity: Implementation of AI project cycle to
encourage them to continue develop an AI Model for Personalized
exploring different deployment Education.
methods.
To understand and reflect on Session: Ethics
the ethical issues around AI. Video Session: Discussing about AI Ethics
Recommended Activity: Ethics Awareness
● Students play the role of major stakeholders,
and they have to decide what is ethical and
what is not for a given scenario.
● Students to explore Moral Machine
(https://www.moralmachine.net/ ) to
understand more about the impact of ethical
concerns
To gain awareness around AI Session: AI Bias and AI Access
bias and AI access. ● Discussing about the possible bias in data
collection
● Discussing about the implications of AI
technology

KVS ZIET MYSORE 11

SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL
To let the students analyse the Recommended Activity: Balloon Debate
advantages and disadvantages ● Students divide in teams of 3 and 2 teams are
of Artificial Intelligence. given same theme. One team goes in
affirmation to AI for their section while the
other one goes against it.
● They have to come up with their points as to
why AI is beneficial/ harmful for the society.

UNIT 2: DATA LITERACY:

SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL
Basics of ● Define data literacy and Session: Basics of data literacy
data literacy recognize its importance ● Introduction to Data Literacy
Understand how data literacy ● Impact of data Literacy
enables informed decision- ● How to become Data Literate?
making and critical thinking ● What are data security and privacy?
● Apply the Data Literacy Process How are they related to AI?
Framework to analyze and ● Best Practices for Cyber Security
interpret data effectively Recommended Activity: Impact of News
● Differentiate between Data Articles
Privacy and Security Reference Videos:
● Identify potential risks associated ● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
with data breaches and =yhO_t-c3yJY
unauthorized access. ● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
● Learn measures to protect data =aO858HyFbKI
privacy and enhance data ● https://www.cbse.gov.in/cbsenew/
security documents/Cyber%20Safety.pdf

Acquiring ● Determine the best methods to Session: Acquiring Data, Processing, and
Data, acquire data. Interpreting Data
Processing, ● Classify different types of data and ● Types of data
and enlist different methodologies to ● Data Acquisition/Acquiring Data
Interpreting acquire it. ● Best Practices for Acquiring Data
Data ● Define and describe data ● Features of data and Data
interpretation. Preprocessing
● Enlist and explain the different ● Data Processing and Data
methods of data interpretation. Interpretation
● Recognize the types of data ● Types of Data Interpretation
interpretation. ● Importance of Data Interpretation
● Realize the importance of data Recommended Activities:
interpretation ● Trend analysis
● Visualize and Interpret Data

KVS ZIET MYSORE 12

Project ● Recognize the importance of data Session: Project Interactive Data
Interactive visualization Dashboard & Presentation
Data ● Discover different methods of ● Data visualization Using Tableau
Dashboard & data visualization Reference Links
Presentation ● https://public.tableau.com/en-
us/s/download
● https://www.datawrapper.de/
Video Links:
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NL
CzpPRCc7U
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_M
8BnosAD78
UNIT 3: MATH FOR AI (Statistics & Probability)
SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL
Importance Analyzing the data in the form Session: Importance of Math for AI
of Math for of numbers/images and find the ● Finding Patterns in Numbers and images.
AI relation/pattern between the ● Uses of Math -
them. ○ Statistics
Use of Math in AI. ○ Linear Algebra
○ Probability
○ Calculus
Number Patterns Activity:
Picture Analogy ● observe the number pattern and find the
missing number.
● To find connections between sets of images
and use that to solve problems,
Statistics Understand the concept of Session :
Statistics in real life. ● Definition of Statistics
● Applications
○ Disaster Management
○ Sports
○ Diseases Prediction
○ Weather Forecast
Application in various real life Activity: Uses of Statistics in daily life
scenarios ● Students will explore the applications of
statistics in real life .They collect data and
can apply various statistical measures to
analyze the data.
Activity:Car Spotting and Tabulating
Purpose:To implement the concept of data
collection , analysis and interpretation.
Activity Introduction:
● In this activity, Students will be engaged
in data collection and tabulation.
● Data collection plays a key role in
Artificial Intelligence as it forms the
basis of statistics and interpretation by
AI.
● This activity will also require students to
answer a set of questions based on the
recorded data.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 13

Probability Understand the concept of Session: Introduction to Probability
Probability in real life and ● How to calculate the probability of an event
explore various types of events. ● Types of events
● understand the concept of Probability using
a relatable example.
Exercise: Identify the type of event.
Application in various real life Session : Applications of Probability
scenarios ● Sports
● Weather Forecast
● Traffic Estimation
Exercise: Revision time

UNIT 4: INTRODUCTION TO GENERATIVE AI:

LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL
Recommended Activity:
Students will be able to define
Generative AI & classify ● Activity: Guess the Real Image vs. the AI-generated image
different kinds.

Session:
● Students will be able to ● Introduction to Generative AI
explain how Generative AI ● Generative AI vs Conventional AI
works and recognize how it Session:
learns. ● Types of Generative AI
● Examples of Generative AI

Session:
● Benefits of using Generative AI
● Limitations of using Generative AI
Recommended Activities:
● Hands-on Activity: GAN Paint
● Applying Generative AI
tools to create content. ● Generative AI tools
● Understanding the ethical
considerations of using Session:
Generative AI. ● Ethical considerations of using Generative AI

UNIT 5: INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON:

LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION / ACTIVITY / PRACTICAL
Learn basic programming skills Recommended Activity:
through gamified platforms. ● Introduction to programming using Online Gaming portals like
Code Combat.
Acquire introductory Python Session:
programming skills in a very ● Introduction to Python language
user-friendly format. ● Introducing python programming and its applications

KVS ZIET MYSORE 14

 Theory + Practical: Python Basics
● Students go through lessons on Python Basics
(Variables, Arithmetic Operators, Expressions, Comparison
Operators, logical operators, Assignment Operators, Data
Types - integer, float, strings, type conversion, using print()
and input() functions)
● Students will try some simple problem-solving exercises on
Python Compiler.
Practical: Flow of control and conditions
1. Students go through lessons on conditional and iterative
statements (if, for and while)
2. Students will try some basic problem-solving exercises using
conditional and iterative statements on Python Compiler.
Practical: Python Lists
3. Students go through lessons on Python Lists (Simple
operations using list)
4. Students will try some basic problem-solving exercises using
lists on Python Compiler.
PART-C: PRACTICAL WORK

UNIT 5: INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON: Suggested Program List

PRINT ● To print personal information like Name, Father’s Name, Class, School Name.
● To print the following patterns using multiple print commands-

● To find square of number 7

● To find the sum of two numbers 15 and 20.
● To convert length given in kilometers into meters.
● To print the table of 5 up to five terms.
● To calculate Simple Interest if the principle_amount = 2000 rate_of_interest = 4.5
time = 10

INPUT ● To calculate Area and Perimeter of a rectangle

● To calculate Area of a triangle with Base and Height
● To calculating average marks of 3 subjects
● To calculate discounted amount with discount %
● To calculate Surface Area and Volume of a Cuboid

KVS ZIET MYSORE 15

 ● Create a list in Python of children selected for science quiz with following names-
LIST Arjun, Sonakshi, Vikram, Sandhya, Sonal, Isha, Kartik
Perform the following tasks on the list in sequence-
○ Print the whole list
○ Delete the name “Vikram” from the list
○ Add the name “Jay” at the end
○ Remove the item which is at the second position.
● Create a list num=[23,12,5,9,65,44]
○ print the length of the list
○ print the elements from second to fourth position using positive indexing
○ print the elements from position third to fifth using negative indexing
● Create a list of first 10 even numbers, add 1 to each list item and print the final list.
● Create a list List_1=[10,20,30,40]. Add the elements [14,15,12] using extend
function. Now sort the final list in ascending order and print it.

● Program to check if a person can vote

IF, ● To check the grade of a student
FOR, ● Input a number and check if the number is positive, negative or zero and display an
WHILE appropriate message
● To print first 10 natural numbers
● To print first 10 even numbers
● To print odd numbers from 1 to n
● To print sum of first 10 natural numbers
● Program to find the sum of all numbers stored in a list

KVS ZIET MYSORE 16

 PART-A: EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

UNIT-1 COMMUNICATION SKILLS

⮚ Communication skills are those skills which are needed to speak and write
properly.
⮚ One should have the ability to listen carefully, write and speak clearly in
any situation.
⮚ Listening, Speaking Reading and Writing skills are essential for effective
communication.
⮚ The word ‘Communication’ comes from the Latin word commūnicāre,
meaning ‘to share’.
⮚ Communication is a two-way exchange of information, i.e., giving and
receiving.
⮚ Speaking and writing to someone are examples of giving information.
⮚ Reading and listening to someone are examples of receiving information.
(Repetition)
Elements of communication
Sender: Communication is a two-way exchange of information, i.e., giving and
receiving (Fig. 1.2). Speaking and writing to someone are examples of giving
information. Reading and listening to someone are examples of receiving
information.
Message: The subject matter of communication is termed as messages. It includes
ideas, feelings, suggestions, order, etc., which a sender wants to convey to the
receiver.
Encoding: The process of converting messages into communication symbols,
which may be understood by the receiver. It includes words, pictures, body
language gestures, symbols, etc. Encoding translates the internal thought of the
sender into a language which can be understandable.
Channel: The path, channel or medium through which encoded message is
transmitted to the receiver is known as media. It is the carrier of the message. It
can be in written form, face to face, through telephone, letter, internet, etc.
Decoding: The process of translating the encoded message into an effective
language, which can be understood by the receiver is known as decoding. In this,
the encoded symbols of the sender are converted.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 17

Receiver: The person who receives the message of the sender is known as the
receiver. E.g., Students are receivers in the classroom.

Factors affecting perspectives in communication

Sometimes, we are not able to communicate clearly because of barriers that stop
us from sharing and understanding messages. Some of these are
Factor How the factor can become a barrier
In case of use of incorrect words, unfamiliar
language and lack of detail, language can act
as a barrier to communicate what one wishes
to convey. For example, language can act as a
Language
barrier when an Indian who only knows Hindi
and a Chinese who has the knowledge of
Mandarin only wants to interact with each
other.
Visual perception is the brain’s ability to make
sense of what we see through our eyes. For
Visual perception example, completing partially drawn pictures
with visual perception whereas they may be
something else.
Letting our earlier experience stop us from
understanding or communicating clearly. For
example, “This shopkeeper cheated me last
Past experiences
time. Let me be careful or “I scored low marks
in my Maths exam, so I am scared to ask and
answer questions in class.”
Fixed ideas, such as thinking “No one in my
Prejudices
class likes me.
Our feelings and emotions, such as lack of
interest or not trusting the other person affect
Feelings
communication. For example “I am not feeling
well, therefore, I don’t want to talk.”
Noise or disturbance in the surroundings may
make communication difficult. Example,
Environment
talking to a friend in a function where there is
loud music being played by the orchestra.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 18

 Personal factors include your own feelings,
habits and ways of thinking. For example,
Personal Factors
fear, and low confidence may make
communication difficult.
Signs’ which have a different meaning in
different cultures, such as showing a thumb
Culture
may mean ‘good job’ done for some people
but may be insulting to others.
Basic principles of professional communication skills.
These can be abbreviated as 7 Cs, i.e., Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct,
Coherent, Complete and Courteous.

Different Methods of Communication

There are different methods of communication, which include non-verbal, verbal
and visual.
❖ Verbal Communication
✔ Verbal communication is the sharing of information by using words.
✔ It is what most people use as a method of communication.
Type of Verbal Communication
Oral or Spoken Communication: Communication which involves talking
Examples:
⮚ Face-to-face conversation
⮚ Talking on a phone
⮚ Classroom teaching, business discussion and public speeches

Written Communication: Communication which involves written or typed

words.
Examples: Writing letters, notes, email, etc

KVS ZIET MYSORE 19

 Advantages of verbal communication
✔ Verbal communication is easy and quick
✔ Effectively convey the message
✔ Fastest mode of Communication
✔ Useful for illiterates

Disadvantages:
✔ Less creative
✔ Require attention throughout
✔ Increases the chance of mistakes
Non-Verbal Communication
✔ Non-verbal communication is the message we send to others without
using any words
✔ Non-verbal communication makes our message stronger.
✔ Using the right gestures while speaking makes our message more
effective.
✔ Knowing non-verbal communication helps us understand our
audience’s reaction and adjust our behaviour or communication
accordingly.
Types of Non-verbal communications

Type What it implies How to make use of non-verbal

communication effectively?
A facial expression, many a
Keep your face relaxed
time, shows the feelings of a
• Try to match your expression
person.
with what you are saying
Facial Expression For example, when we are • If you agree with something,
happy, we express it through a you may nod while listening,
smile or when we are sad we which indicates that it has
show a gloomy face. your assent
Postures are positions of
the body. They show our • Keep your upper body relaxed
confidence and feelings. and, shoulders straight
For example, straight • Sit straight, rest hands and
Posture
body posture is seen as feet in relaxed position
confidence. Holding your • Keep hands by your sides
head may be taken as while standing
tiredness.

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 Gestures describe
movements of parts of the
• Avoid pointing at people with
body, especially hands or
your finger
head, to express an idea
• Instead of keeping your hands
or meaning. This includes
Gestures or in pocket while talking, try to
waving, pointing and using
Body Language keep your hands on the sides
our hands while speaking.
• Bend your head a little while
For example, raising a
talking or listening to show
hand may mean asking a
that you are paying attention.
question. Biting nails show
nervousness.

We communicate a great
deal through our touch,
• Shake hands firmly
such as shaking hands and
• Avoid other touch gestures,
patting on the back. For
such as stroking your hair,
Touch example, a firm handshake
scratching your nose, tugging
shows confidence. Sports
on your clothes, etc., during
coaches pat on the back of
communication.
the players to encourage the
players.
• Maintain proper space’
The space between
depending on the relationship,
two persons while
which could be formal or
Space communicating, generally
informal or the closeness with
depends on the intimacy or
the person with whom you are
closeness between them.
talking
Maintaining an eye contact
• Look at the person who is
with the person you are
speaking
talking, indicates interest,
Eye Contact • Keep a relaxed, pleasant look
whereas, looking away can
• Break the look every few
make the other person feel
seconds
ignored.

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 Paralanguage is the tone
of our voice, speed and
volume that makes a
difference in the meaning • Use a proper tone and volume
of the communication. while speaking
Paralanguage
Speaking too fast may show • Maintain a moderate rate
excitement or nervousness. (speed) of talking
Speaking too slow may
show seriousness, sadness
or making a point.
Visual communication
Another important method of communication is visual communication, which
involves sending and understanding messages only through images or pictures.
The main advantage of this type of communication is that you do not need to
know any particular language for understanding it.

Examples of Visual Communication

✔ Traffic symbol which communicates not to blow horn
✔ Sign for ladies and gents toilet
✔ Sign for flammable substances

Writing Skills
✔ Writing skills include all the knowledge and abilities related to
expressing ourselves through the written word.
✔ It is a sound understanding of language through grammar, spelling
and punctuation.
✔ People with excellent writing skills can tailor their tone and word
choice to different situations and people
Punctuation
It is a set of marks, such as the full stop and the comma, which help us separate
parts of a sentence and explain its meaning.
Basic parts of speech
The part of speech indicates how the word functions in meaning as well as
grammatically within a sentence.

There are eight basic parts of speech in the English language.

● noun,
● pronoun,
● verb,
● adjective,
● adverb,
● preposition,

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 ● conjunction
● interjection.

⮚ Nouns are words that refer to a person, place, thing or idea. These are
‘naming words.’
⮚ A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun
⮚ Adjectives are the words that describe the noun.
⮚ Verbs are the words that show action
⮚ Adverbs are the words that add meaning to verbs, adjectives, or other
adverbs. They answer the questions — How? How often? When? And
Where?

Articles: The words ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ are known as articles. Articles are
generally used before nouns.
‘An’ is used before words with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) sound A is used before nouns
with a consonant (all other alphabets) sound ‘the’ is used to refer to specific or
particular words
Conjunctions: Conjunctions are the words that join two nouns, phrases or
sentences. Some common conjunctions are ‘and’, ‘or’ and ‘but’.
Prepositions connect one word with another to show the relation between them.
They usually answer the questions ‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘how’.
Sentences: A sentence means a group of words that makes complete sense. It
begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop. It always contains a finite
verb. A sentence may be a statement, question, exclamation or command. It
consists of a main clause and one or more subordinate clause also.

Parts of a sentence
❖ A subject is the person or thing that does an action
❖ A verb describes the action.
❖ Object is the person or thing that receives the action

Examples:
Sentence Subject Verb Object
I ate an apple. I ate an apple.
He cooked dinner. He cooked dinner.
She kicked the football. She kicked the football.
Dia and Sanjay broke the bottle.
Types of sentences
Sentences where the subject does an action are known to be in the Active voice
Sentences in which the subject receives an action are known to be in the Passive
voice.

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Example:
Active Voice Passive Voice
She wrote a letter. A letter was written by her.
He opened the door. The door was opened by him.
Mohan played the flute. The flute was played by Mohan

Pronunciation Basics
⮚ Correct pronunciation will help us express ourselves in a clear and
confident manner.
⮚ It will also help others to understand our words easily.

Types of sounds
All English words are made of three basic types of sounds
Vowels: The English alphabet has five vowels (a, e, i, o and u) but 12 vowel
sounds. This means most vowels can be pronounced in different ways. We make a
vowel sound when we read a vowel in a word.
Diphthongs (combination sound of two vowels): We make a diphthong sound
when we combine two vowels. Diphthongs start as one vowel sound and go to
another.
Consonants: A consonant sound is any sound that is neither a vowel nor a
diphthong sound.

Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

1. Which of the following methods are used to receive information from the
sender through a letter?
a) Listening
b) Speaking
c) Reading
d) Writing
2. Which of these is a positive (good) facial expression?
a) Staring hard Smiling
b) Nodding while listening
c) Wrinkled forehead
d) Looking away from the speaker
3. Which of these sentences use uppercase letters correctly?
a) I am Hungry.
b) Divya and Sunil are reading.
c) The bucket is Full of water.
d) She lives in Delhi.
4. The process of converting messages into communication symbols, which
may be understood by the receiver is called ------------

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 (a) Encoding
(b) Decoding
(c) Feedback
(d) compilation
5. Which of these sentences are punctuated correctly?
a) Where are you going.
b) I have a pen a notebook and a pencil.
c) I am so happy to see you!
d) This is Abdul’s house.
6. Fill in the blank with correct articles
He is ------------- University student
a) the
b) an
c) a
d) None of the above
7. Which of these sentences is in passive voice?
a) They are watching a movie.
b) The clock was repaired by Raju.
c) He is sleeping in the room.
d) My pet dog bit the postman.
8. Which of the following is NOT an element of communication?
a) Sender
b) Message
c) Receiver
d) Gateway
9. Sharing of information by using words is a ____________ type of
communication
a) Verbal
b) Non-verbal
c) Visual
d) All of the above
10.Words that describe nouns are called --------------
a) Articles
b) Adverbs
c) Adjectives
d) Verbs
11.Which of the following does not come under 7Cs of basic principles of
communications
a) Clear
b) Complete
c) Correct
d) Clever
12.--------- is the brain’s ability to make sense of what we see through our eyes.
a) Visual perception

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 b) Past experiences
c) Feelings
d) Prejudices
13. “Speaking too fast may show excitement or nervousness”- is an example
for which type of visual communications?
a) Poster
b) Touch
c) Space
d) Paralanguage
14.Identify the subject in the sentence, “The children played football.”
a) The children
b) Children played
c) Played
d) Football
15.What are the different types of sounds used in English pronunciation?
a) Vowel sounds
b) Diphthong sounds
c) Consonant sounds
d) All of the above

ANSWERS:
1) d 2) a 3) d 4) a 5) d 6)c 7) b 8) d 9) a 10) c 11) d 12)a
13) d 14) a 15) d

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 Marks each)

1. What are communication skills?
Communication skills are those skills which are needed to speak and
write properly. One should have the ability to listen carefully and
write and speak clearly in any situation.
2. Write down the elements of communications?
Sender, message, media, encoding, decoding, receiver and feedback
3. Write down the factors affecting perspectives in communication.
Language, Visual perception, Past experiences, Prejudices, Feelings,
Environment, Personal Factors and Culture
4. Explain briefly the 7Cs basic principles of communications
1. Conciseness
In formal communication, we should be very careful about the
briefness/conciseness of the message. It is always helpful for both the
sender and the receiver because it saves their time. Concise messages
are helpful in getting the meaning.
2. Correctness

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 Correctness means the accuracy of thoughts, figures, and words. If
the given information is not correctly conveyed, the sender will lose
reliability.
3. Concreteness
While communicating one should be very specific. Concreteness is
an important aspect of effective communication. It is about being
specific and definite rather than general.
4. Clarity
Clarity is one of the principles of formal communication. Whatever
we speak/communicate should have clarity. The idea of the message
should be very clear in the mind of the sender.
5. Completeness
Effective communication depends on the completeness of the
message. Incomplete messages create ambiguity in the audience.
6. Consideration
It is an act of consideration. While sending a message the sender
should look from the angle of the audience. The sender should
understand the feelings and emotions of the receivers. It shows that in
communication we should consider the audience.
7. Courtesy
Courtesy means polite behaviour. While communicating,
everybody should show politeness towards others. It facilitates
communication.
5. What are verbal communications? Give one example for oral
communications
Verbal communication is the sharing of information by using words.
It is what most people use as a method of communication.
Examples:
•
Face-to-face conversation:
• Talking on a phone
• Classroom teaching, business discussion and public speeches
6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of verbal communications?
Advantages of verbal communication
•
Verbal communication is easy and quick
• Effectively convey the message
• Fastest mode of Communication
• Useful for illiterates
• Disadvantages:
• Less creative
• Require attention throughout
• Increases the chance of mistakes
7. Define nonverbal communications?

KVS ZIET MYSORE 27

 Non-verbal communication is the message we send to others without
using any words. Non-verbal communication makes our message
stronger. Using the right gestures while speaking makes our message
more effective. Knowing non-verbal communication helps us
understand our audience’s reaction and adjust our behaviour or
communication accordingly
8. How to make use of eye contact communication effectively?
Look at the person who is speaking
Keep a relaxed, pleasant look
Break the look every few seconds
9. What are visual communications? Give examples
It is that type of communication, which involves sending and understanding
messages only through images or pictures. The main advantage of this type
of communication is that you do not need to know any particular language
for understanding it.

Examples of Visual Communication

• Traffic symbol which communicates not to blow horn
• Sign for ladies and gents toilet
• Sign for flammable substances
10. What are conjunctions? Give examples
Conjunctions are words that join two nouns, phrases or sentences.
Some common conjunctions are ‘and’, ‘or’ and ‘but’.
11. Explain the different parts of a sentence
A sentence means a group of words that makes complete sense. It begins
with a capital letter and ends with a full stop. It always contains a finite
verb. A sentence may be a statement, question, exclamation or command. It
consists of a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
Parts of a sentence
• A subject is the person or thing that does an action
• A verb describes the action.
• Object is the person or thing that receives the action
12. Do convert the following active voice in to passive voice.
a. She wrote a letter.
A letter was written by her.
b. He opened the door.
The door was opened by him.
13. Explain any two non-verbal communications.
Posture: Postures are positions of the body. They show our
confidence and feelings.
For example, straight body posture is seen as confidence.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 28

 Gestures or Body Language: Gestures describe movements of parts
of the body, especially hands or head, to express an idea or meaning.
This includes waving, pointing and using our hands when speaking.
For example, raising a hand may mean asking a question.
14. What is the importance of writing skills in communications?
Writing skills include all the knowledge and abilities related to
expressing ourselves through the written word. It is a sound
understanding of language through grammar, spelling and
punctuation. People with excellent writing skills can tailor their tone
and word choice to different situations and people.
15. What are the different types of sounds of words in English
All English words are made of three basic types of sounds
Vowels: The English alphabet has five vowels (a, e, i, o and u) but 12
vowel sounds. This means most vowels can be pronounced in
different ways. We make a vowel sound when we read a vowel in a
word.
Diphthongs (combination sound of two vowels): We make a
diphthong sound when we combine two vowels. Diphthongs start as
one vowel sound and go to another.
Consonants: A consonant sound is any sound that is neither a vowel
nor a diphthong sound.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 29

 UNIT -2 SELF-MANAGEMENT SKILLS

INTRODUCTION TO SELF-MANAGEMENT
After writing an exam, have you ever felt that you should have studied
more? Do you think that you could manage your hobbies, interests, and
studies better if you could manage your time well?
Self-management involves understanding yourself, understanding
what your interests and abilities are, having a positive attitude and
grooming yourself in order to develop self-confidence
Self-management can also help in:
➢ Developing good habits
➢ Overcoming bad habits
➢ Reaching your goals
➢ Overcoming challenges and difficulties being able to manage
yourself helps you
➢ To avoid stress and provides opportunities to
➢ Get involved in fun activities.
➢ Self-management skills include the following:

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 Time Goal setting
management Planning
Achieving concrete goals
tasks on time to be
and according accomplished
the plan within a set
timeframe.
Fig. 2.10: Time Fig. 2.11: Goal
management setting
STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS ANALYSIS
Have you ever wondered why you get good marks in one subject and
not so good in another subject? Knowing what you do well or not
so well, will help you in converting your weaknesses into strengths
and strengths into an exceptional performance. The strength and
weakness analysis help you in this process. Strength and weakness
analysis begin with knowing yourself first.
Knowing yourself
It means understanding who you are, what you like, what you do not
like, what are your beliefs, what are your opinions, what is your
background, what you do well and what you do not do well? It is
important to know who you are, because only then can you measure
your strengths and weaknesses
Strength and weakness analysis
Being ‘self-aware’ or understanding ‘Who am I?’ means looking
outside our usual characteristics, such as our name, qualifications,
and the relationship we have with others. It actually means knowing
our inner strengths, hidden talents, skills and even weaknesses. Let
us look at what could be our strengths and weaknesses.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 31

Q. Answer the given questions on Self-Management Skills (1 Mark each)
1. Dima believes that she can do any task and she is not afraid to take 1
risks. This shows that she is______________
a) Self-motivated
b) Self-aware
c) Self-confident
d) Self-regulated
2. If you know yourself as an individual – your values, likes, dislikes, and 1
weaknesses. It means that you are __________
a) Self-confident
b) Self-controlled
c) Self-motivated
d) Self-aware
3. _____________ also known as “areas of improvement” are what we do 1
not do well and are not good at.
a) Weaknesses
b) Strengths
c) Abilities
d) Interests
4. ______________ are the things that we enjoy doing. 1
a) Weaknesses
b) Strengths
c) Abilities
d) Interests
5. ___________ is an acquired or natural capacity that enables an 1
individual to perform a particular task with considerable proficiency.
a) Weaknesses
b) Strengths
c) Abilities
d) Interests
6. Aman is doing a project. To retain positive attitude, he should 1
________________
a) Appreciate the good in others
b) Observe and understand
c) Constantly improving
d) All the above
7. Danish gets feedback on his project work from his class teacher. Which 1
of these options demonstrates positive attitude in this situation
a) Danish ignores the feedback
b) Danish takes the feedback but doesn’t use it
c) Danish says others that the teacher is wrong
d) Danish learns from the feedback and makes the project a
better one.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 32

8. When you are under __________ for a prolonged period, it can 1
cause health problems and mental issues as well.
a) Stress
b) Discipline
c) Timeliness
d) Goal – Setting

9. ______________ is the ability to plan and control how you spend 1

the hours of your day well and do all that you want to do.
a) Stress Management
b) Time Management
c) Goal Setting
d) None of the above
10. Physical exercise is used as a stress management technique 1
because
a) It improves blood circulation
b) improves self-image
c) make us feel better
d) All of the above
11. The feeling of self-awareness enhances our........ 1
a) Self-confidence
b) Self-monitoring
c) Self-Regulation
d) All of the above
12. What is 'M' in the 'SMART' goal setting method? 1
a) Must
b) Meaning
c) Measurable
d) None of these
13. Write Full form of ‘SMART’ 1
a) Special, Method, Active, Rate, Time
b) Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound
c) Specific, Active, Method, Relevant, Time-bound
d) None of the above
14. Staying with the current situation with new updated information 1
and preparing yourself for new challenges is called _________.
a) Responsibility
b) Adaptability
c) Time management
d) Self-awareness
15. Which of the following can be considered as external motivation? 1
a) Reward
b) Appreciations
c) Recognition
d) All of the above

KVS ZIET MYSORE 33

 SECTION B: SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. Answer the given questions on Self-Management skills (2 Marks each)

1. What do you mean by self-management skills? 2

2. Write a short note on any of the four self-management skills. 2

3. How can one build self-confidence? 2

4. What is the importance of positive thinking? 2

5. How personal hygiene is essential in one’s life? 2

6. What do you mean by self-grooming? 2

7. What are the differences between interests and abilities? 2

8. What are the factors that decrease our self-confidence? 2

9. Define Goal setting. 2

10. Describe stress and stress management in your own words. 2

11. Write four steps of Self-motivation. 2

12. Write the four steps for effective Time management. 2

13. Write four qualities of those people who work independently. 2

14. Write three steps to manage emotional intelligence. 2

15. How self – management skills can help us? 2

KVS ZIET MYSORE 34

 ANSWERS
Q. Answer the given questions on Self-Management Skills (1 Mark each)
1. c) Self-confident 1
2. d) Self-aware 1
3. a) Weaknesses 1
4. d) Interests 1
5. c) Abilities 1
6. d) All of the above 1
7. d) Danish learns from the feedback and makes the project a better one 1
8. a) Stress 1
9. b) Time Management 1
10. d) All of the above 1
11. a) Self-confidence 1
12. c) Measurable 1
13. b) Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound 1
14. c) Adaptability 1
15. d) All of the above 1

Q. Answer the given questions on Self-Management skills (2 Marks each)

1. Your ability to regulate and control your actions, feelings and thoughts is
referred to as self-management skills. It also helps to achieve personal and
academic goals.
2. Self-awareness – Ability to understand your values, strengths, weaknesses,
likes, dislikes, etc.
Self Confidence – Believe in yourself and don’t be scared to take risks.
Problem solving – Understanding a problem and finding the solution.
Positive thinking – Expressing certainty or affirmation even in tough
situations.
3. Following are the steps to build self-confidence:
i.Appreciate achievements and accept failures
ii.Set a goal and try to achieve it
iii.Always focus on the positive side and maintain a positive outlook.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 35

4. Positive thinking helps to be successful in life because it helps one to
achieve the goal without worrying about the negative side. Positive
thinking produces positive outcomes such as overcoming challenges,
accepting failures etc.
5. Personal hygiene is very important in our life as it creates a good image of
ourselves among others. It helps us to stay healthy and carry out our duties
efficiently and effectively. It also improves our self-confidence.
6. Self-grooming is the act of making oneself appear neat, orderly and smart.
It makes a good impression and improves our self-confidence.
7. Interests are the things that we enjoy doing, ability is the acquired or
natural capacity that enables an individual to perform a particular task with
considerable proficiency.
8. Some of the factors that decrease self-confidence are:
i.Thinking of failure
ii.Thinking of incapability
iii.Anxiety
iv.Negativity thoughts
9. Goal setting is a process that helps a person to decide what he wants to
achieve in life. This will help them to decide where to put their efforts to
achieve that goal. After deciding the goal or aim of life one can easily go
through the process of achieving it. This gives them the motivation to work
hard.
10. Stress is our emotional, mental, physical and social reaction to any
perceived demands or threats. Stress Management is about planning to be
able to cope effectively with daily pressures. You must make a suitable
plan for your daily life routine so that it would not put hard pressure on
you. If you are not able to manage the increasing pressure that will lead to
stress.
Our main goal is to maintain a balance between life, work, relationships,
relaxation and fun. By doing this, we can manage stress-related problems
in our daily life.
11. Four steps of Self-motivation are:
i) Find out your strengths.
ii) Focus on your goals.
iii)Develop a plan to achieve your goals.
iv)Stay loyal to your goals.
12. Four Steps for Effective Time Management are:
a. Organize: We should plan our day-to-day activities.
b. Prioritize: We should make our to-do-list
c. Control: We should have control over our activities and time.
d. Track: We should identify and note where we have spent our time.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 36

13. Four qualities are:
i.They are self-aware, self-monitored and self-correcting.
ii.They take the initiative rather than being told what to do.
iii.They could learn continuously.
iv.They recognize their own mistakes.
14. Three steps to manage emotional intelligence are:
i) Understand your emotions: Observe your behavior and then work on the
things you need to improve.
ii) Rationalize: Do not take decisions abruptly; be rational in your thinking.
iii) Practice: Do meditation and yoga to keep yourself calm.
15. Self-management can help in the following areas: -
i.Reaching your goals
ii.Developing good habits
iii.Overcoming challenges and difficulties
iv.Overcoming bad habits

KVS ZIET MYSORE 37

 UNIT-3 ENTERPRENEURIAL SKILLS

ENTREPRENEUR: Business is an economic activity for profit entities or non-

profit organisations, which relates to the continuous and regular production and
distribution of goods and services for satisfying the needs of humans and society.
When there is a gap between what is needed and is available, some people take
this as an opportunity, manage risks and fill the gap by providing necessary
products and services. Such people are entrepreneurs. Therefore, an entrepreneur
is a self-employed person, willing to take a calculated risk and bring in a new idea
to start a business. All self-employed persons are not entrepreneurs, as they need
to put in their ideas to run a business.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP: It is defined as the process of developing a business

plan, launching and running a business using innovation to meet customer needs
and to make a profit.

ENTERPRISE: An enterprise is a project or undertaking that fulfils the need of

society, which no one has ever addressed.

QUALITIES OF A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR:

1. Patience: Success may not be achieved quickly and therefore, it is important
for an entrepreneur to be patient in running the business.
2. Positivity: An entrepreneur has to think positively even when they take a big
risk, face lots of difficulties and failures. Stay positive and continue to work hard,
towards the goal even if there are losses at times.
3. Hardworking, Never Giving Up and Perseverance: Every new business
goes through failures and therefore, an entrepreneur needs to work hard till it
becomes successful, to meet their own and company’s goals.
4. Confidence: An entrepreneur needs to be very confident and take decisions
about their business. An entrepreneur needs to communicate confidently with the
customers too.
5. Open to Trial and Error: An Entrepreneur needs to be open to new ideas and
try them without fear of failure. They will have to use trial and error and
experiment with different ideas to allow the improved product or service for the
customer and help the business grow, and become successful.
6. Creativity and Innovation: An entrepreneur should be able to see a problem
from different perspectives and come up with original and creative solutions
recognising an opportunity in a problem and finding an innovative solution.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 38

ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
1. Economic Development—Money in Circulation: More and more
entrepreneurs create business opportunities, investors put money into their
businesses and expect good returns. Entrepreneurs make cheaper products and
services for customers, hence, the economy grows.

2. Social Development—Creation of Jobs: If a small business started by an

entrepreneur becomes successful and grows, the entrepreneur expands the
business. As the business grows, more work needs to be completed and it creates
more jobs. Good quality jobs lead to more people earning money and having a
good life.
3. Improved Standard of Living— More things available to live a
comfortable life: When entrepreneurs sell products, it helps people live a more
comfortable life.
4. Optimal Use of Resources: Entrepreneurs keep working on various natural
resources present around us, renewable and non-renewable, to find the most
optimal ways of using the resources to reduce costs and increase their profits.
5. More Benefits at Lower Prices Products and Services at Competitive
Prices: As entrepreneurs compete in the market, prices of products come down.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
1. Ability to take up risks
2. Believe in hard work and discipline
3. Adaptable and flexible to achieve the goals of enhancing quality and customer
satisfaction
4. Knowledge of the product and services and their need or demand in the market
5. Financial literacy and money management skills
6. Effective planning and execution.

POSITIVE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON SOCIETY:

• Emphasizes on economic Growth
• Fosters Creativity
• Stimulates Innovation and Efficiency
• Creates Jobs and Employment Opportunities
• Solves the problems of the society
• Encourages welfare of the society

Entrepreneurship also creates some adverse impact on society at times like:

• environmental degradation
• trade imbalance
• labour exploitation etc.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 39

ROLE OF SOCIETY IN BOOSTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
● Creates needs and demands
● Provides raw materials
● Enables financial support
● Creates a need for education
● Catalyses policy formation and reform
● Facilitates networking
● Supports infrastructure development

MYTH ABOUT ENTREPRENEURSHIP:

a) Entrepreneurs are born, not made: It is an assumption that entrepreneurial
qualities are
inborn and that only people with certain natural talents can become entrepreneurs.
Anyone can be an entrepreneur with the right skills, drive and passion.
b) It takes a lot of money to start a business: Certain amount of capital is
required to take a business off the ground, and it varies depending on the business.
Start with resources available and grow slowly and steadily.
c) Entrepreneurs take risk: Entrepreneurs take calculated risks and weigh risk
versus reward. They do not necessarily put themselves in high-risk situations.
d) Businesses either skyrocket or fail
e) Great ideas are what makes entrepreneurs: They take existing ideas to make
a business out of it. People who are able to execute the idea and turn it into a
business are referred to as entrepreneurial.
f) One must know everything before starting a business: Entrepreneurs
continuously learn. How fast one learns, matters.
g) Every business idea needs to be unique or special.
h) Only a person having a big business is an entrepreneur.
BENEFITS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
• Do as per your interests: Do something using your hobbies and skills.
• Work for yourself, and not for others: Decide the kind of work to do and how to
do it.
• Make profits for yourself: Decide how much money to earn and how to earn it.
• More risk, more profit: Decide on how much risk to take. The larger the risk, the
bigger is the profit.

TYPES OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES:

There can be three types of business activities:
• Product business
• Service business
• Hybrid business
Product business: A business where a seller and buyer exchange an item, which
can be seen and touched, is called a product-based business. For example, a
Textile Shop, Sports Shop etc.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 40

Service business: A business where a seller helps the buyer to finish some work.
For example, a cricket coaching center.

Hybrid business : A hybrid is the one where the business is doing both selling
product and selling services.

Product Business Service Business

Product can be seen and touched and Service cannot be seen or touched,
customer pays for physical exchange of hence, customer pays for an experience.
things.
A product can be made and stored in a A service, cannot be stored, but
shop or a warehouse. provided to customers when they ask
for it.

A product can be made at home or in a A service cannot be made or

factory and then is transported to transported, but given to the customer at
different places where shopkeepers sell the time of
it. delivery.
The quality and quantity of the product The quality and quantity of a service
will be the same every time. can be different at different times.
There are two types of product-based businesses:
(i) Manufacturing businesses: These are the businesses that make a product and
sell it. Products are usually made in factories.
(ii) Trade businesses: These businesses buy and sell a product, transport the
product from the factory to warehouses and then finally to shops near the
customers. Examples of these businesses include wholesalers, distributors and
retail shops.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROCESS:

Entrepreneurship development is the process of improving the skills and
knowledge of entrepreneurs.
It can take place through formal and informal learning system. In the formal
learning system, training programmes are conducted to bring about awareness,
knowledge and skills related to entrepreneurship.
Steps of starting a business:
1) Idea: The first step is to come up with a business idea. A business idea could
be based on
(a) One’s interest in doing
(b) A need that is seen in the market

KVS ZIET MYSORE 41

2) Getting money and material: Start on a small scale with some money which
will help in buying basic material.

3) Understanding customer needs: Once we start selling, we will find out what
our customer likes and dislikes, what they want.
4) Improving Product/ service: Use this knowledge to know the customer likes
and dislikes to improve the product.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A CAREER OPTION

A career is a line of work that a person takes for life. There are two ways a person
can earn a living.
• self-employment
• wage employment
Self-employed people are those who start businesses to satisfy the needs of
people.
Wage employed people are people who work for a person or an organization and
get paid for that work.

WAGE EMPLOYMENT
In wage employment, there are two parties:
(i) employer
(ii) employee

The wage employment does not involve too much risk but entrepreneurship
involves taking certain amount of calculated risks. However, the continuity of the
service in case of wage employment depends on the terms and conditions laid
down in the contract between the two parties and also on the relationship between
the employer and the employee.
A person who becomes an entrepreneur goes through a career process as given
below:
1) ENTER: When an entrepreneur is starting, they are just entering the
market to do business.
2) SURVIVE: There are many entrepreneurs in the market. The entrepreneur
has to remain in a Competitive market.
3) GROW: Once the business is stable, an entrepreneur thinks about
expanding his or her business.

Entrepreneurship as a career option:

1. Nurtures development of entrepreneurial skills and capabilities
2. Enables the application of an entrepreneurial mind-set
3. Develops the ability to handle failure and ambiguity
4. Enhances critical thinking and problem-solving ability

KVS ZIET MYSORE 42

5. Provides early exposure to the real world
6. Inspires to think about one’s career differently
7. Leads to create a difference in society

Entrepreneurship as a career option leads to:

• Entrepreneurs create products, services, companies and even industries.
• New Entrepreneurial venture creation includes launching a company, buying a
business,
• Taking a franchise, starting a new venture in a family business.
• Join existing Entrepreneurial ventures as a working/investing partner.

• Enter partnership with start-ups, small business, educational ventures, research,

• Development sector, corporate Entrepreneur or strategic Entrepreneurial unit etc.
• Work with traditional companies as support/service provider.
• In a new start-up they draw up a business plan and decide a career path, source
funds for the project from both private and government lenders, decide location
suitable for the business and lease space, form a team of workers/partners and
formerly launch a company.

1 MARK QUESTIONS:
1. ___________________ is the type of employment where one is running a
business to satisfy the needs of people and looking for ways to make the business
better.
a. Entrepreneurship
b. Entrepreneur
c. Business plan
d. entrepreneurism
2. Successful entrepreneurs have the __________ abilities.
a. They are confident
b. They keep trying new ideas
c. They are creative
d. All of the above
3. An _______________ is a person who is self – employed, is willing to take a
calculated risk, and brings in a new idea to start a business.
a. Software Engineer
b. Entrepreneur
c. Civil Engineer
d. Mechanical Engineer

KVS ZIET MYSORE 43

4. The process of developing a business plan, launching and running a business
using innovation to meet customer needs and to make a profit is the function of an
__________________.
a. Software Engineer
b. Entrepreneur

c. Civil Engineer
d. Mechanical Engineer
5. A self-employed person who is always trying to make his/her business better by
taking risks and trying new ideas is an _________.
a. Business Man
b. Entrepreneur
c. Employer
d. None of the above

6. What do entrepreneurs do when she/he runs their business?

a. Fulfil Customer Needs
b. Use Local Materials
c. Create Jobs
d. All of the above
7. When a person begins a business, he or she may encounter several challenges
and failures. Even while taking a significant risk, an entrepreneur must think
_____________.
a. Positively
b. Negatively
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above

8. It is necessary for an entrepreneur to continuously _________ towards his/her

own and company’s goals.
a. Work Hard
b. Always take rest
c. Not participate actively
d. None of the above
9. Entrepreneurs need to be open to _______and try them without fear of failure.
a. Invest all of money
b. New Ideas
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
10. Experimenting with many ideas is a quality related to __________.
a. Perseverance

KVS ZIET MYSORE 44

b. Confidence
c. Creativity
d. Trial and error
11. An entrepreneur should be able to see a problem from different perspectives
and come up with original and______________.
a. Creative Solutions

b. New Ideas
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
12. An entrepreneur should be willing to take a ___________ and is always open
to new ideas to make his/her business grow.
a. Satisfying human need
b. Product and Service
c. Calculated Risk
d. Regular Production

13. Ravi’s customer comes to his store and starts shouting at him. He does not get
angry. He listens to what his customer is saying. He is ____________.
a. Hardworking
b. Confident
c. Patient
d. Prying new ideas
14. Susheela decides to sell her company tyres in Sri Lanka. It does not sell and
she has a loss. She apologizes to the people who work for her. She says she will
plan better next time. She _______________________.
a. takes responsibility for your mistakes
b. thinks before deciding
c. does not give up
d. is creative

15. A myth, or a misconception about entrepreneurship is __________.

a. To start a business we required lot of money
b. Business should be unique or special
c. entrepreneurs are born, not made
d. All of the above
ANSWERS
1a 2d 3b 4b 5b 6d 7a 8a 9b 10 d 11 c 12 c 13 c
14 a 15 d

KVS ZIET MYSORE 45

B. DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
2 MARK QUESTIONS:
1. What do you mean by Entrepreneur?
Ans: Entrepreneurs are people with vision who recognize and pursue opportunity,
create and establish business or new ventures, consider the risk involved by using
available resources.
2. Explain any two roles of entrepreneurs?
Ans. Innovator’s Role: Entrepreneurs innovate by bringing unique and new
products and services into the market.
Risk assumption role: Entrepreneurs are not risk aversive and they realize that
taking risks is a part of business.
Employment Generation role: Entrepreneur solves the problem of
unemployment by generating jobs and employing people.

3. List any two qualities of an entrepreneur.

Ans. 1) They are confident. They believe in themselves and their abilities.
2) They keep trying new ideas in their business.
3) They are patient.
4) They are creative and think differently about business ideas.
5) They take responsibility for their actions.
6) They make decisions after thinking about them.
7) They work hard.
8) They do not give up when they face a difficulty.
9) Optimism, energetic, perseverant etc.
4. What do you think are the important functions of an entrepreneur? Write
your answer giving suitable examples.
Ans. • Making Decisions: An entrepreneur makes decisions every day. This
includes what to produce or sell, how much and where to sell.
• Managing the Business: An entrepreneur plans the future of their business by
arranging for raw material, hires people for work, and instructing everyone what
to do. They also check if the plan is being followed.

• Divide Income: The entrepreneur divides the business money into many groups
and spends money to buy material, pays rent of the building and salaries to
people.
• Taking Risk: Risk is the chance of something going wrong. An entrepreneur
takes risks against fires, lost items and theft.
• Create a new Method, Idea, or Product: An entrepreneur is always trying new
things to increase their importance and income.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 46

5. What do entrepreneurs do when they run their business? (Or) List the
ways in which an entrepreneur affects a society.

Ans. a. Fulfil Customer Needs – Entrepreneurs discover what people demand i.e.
a product or service that people want is referred to as demand.
b. Use Local Materials – Entrepreneurs produce low-cost items by using the
materials and people available to them.

c. Help Society – Entrepreneurs have a good interaction with the general public.
They gain money by doing things that help society.
d. Create Jobs – They buy more material, also hire more people to work for
them. Hence, more people get jobs.
e. Sharing of Wealth – As entrepreneurs grow their business, wealth increases
i.e. gain enough money to live a comfortable life.
f. Lower Price of Products – The price of a product decreases when more
entrepreneurs sell the same thing.
6. How do entrepreneurs contribute to society?
Ans. A business person, apart from making money for themselves, also help the
society in many ways financially and socially. They contribute in form of
donations, sponsorship, welfare programs, advisors to respective government, etc.

7. State any two benefits of Entrepreneurs to society.

Ans. a) Entrepreneurs provide new job opportunities
b) Entrepreneurs increase competition & boost productivity
c) Entrepreneurs create new business & new markets.
d) Entrepreneurs add national income.
e) Entrepreneurs introduce innovative technology and low cost products
8. “Entrepreneurs are born, not made.” Do you agree with this statement?
Justify your answer.
Ans. No, this is a myth/misconception about entrepreneurship.
Being an entrepreneur starts with a way of thinking. One must believe that
anything is possible and it shall be achieved. It starts with thinking of an idea that
one want to work on, making it different.
9. What is the difference between a businessman and an entrepreneur?
Ans. A businessman walks on the defined path, but an entrepreneur believes in
making his own path, which becomes a guideline.
10. What do you mean by Entrepreneurship?
Ans: Entrepreneurship deals with organizing an enterprise to undertake a new
production process, raising capital, arranging labour and raw materials, etc.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 47

11. What do you mean by business plan?
Ans. A business plan is a document that thoroughly explains a business idea and
how it will be carried out. It defines in detail a company's objectives and how it
plans to achieve its goals.
12. List any difference between wage employed and self-employed people.
Ans. Wage employed people are people who work for a person or an organization
and get paid for that work.
Self-employed people are those who start businesses to satisfy the needs of
people.
13. How Entrepreneurship is helpful to society? Explain.
Ans: a) Helps in Wealth creation and sharing: By establishing Business entity,
entrepreneurs invest their own resources and attract capital from investors, lenders
and the public.
b) Creating Employment Opportunities jobs: Entrepreneurs are by nature and
definition job creators, as opposed to job seekers.

c) Innovation: Entrepreneurs use businesses to create products and services that

solve problems in innovative ways. There products and services must be
functional and they must be designed to be cost effective.
d) Balanced Regional Development: Entrepreneurs setting up new businesses
and industrial units help with regional development by locating in less developed
and backward areas.
e) Improves Standards of Living of People: Entrepreneurs play a vital role in
increasing the standard of living in a community - by creating jobs, developing
and adopting innovation that led to improvement in the quality of life of their
employees, customers and other stakeholders in the community, increase in the
standard of living in a community and raising economic development.
14. Write on Entrepreneurship as career option.
Ans: a) Nurtures development of entrepreneurial skills and capabilities.
b) Develops the ability to handle failure and ambiguity.
c) Enhances critical thinking and problem-solving ability
d) Provides early exposure to the real world
e) Leads to creating difference in society
f) Inspires to think about one’s career differently
15. Write any four Functions of entrepreneurship?
Ans. Planning, organizing, decision making, managing, innovating, risk bearing,
etc.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 48

 UNIT-4 ICT SKILLS

INTRODUCTION TO ICT
Information can be recorded or stored in many ways. It can be hand-
written on paper, typed using a typewriter or a computer and so on.
When information is stored and recorded on electronic devices, it takes
on a ‘digital’ form. ICT devices are tablet, smartphones and laptops’ as
shown in Figure 3.1. As a student you should be able to identify
and understand the functions of the main components of a
typical information and/ or communication system as well as the
functions.

ICT at Workplace
ICT has become part of our workplace in all sectors of economy, right
from carrying out money transactions through the online banking
system to development of textbooks or research papers in educational
institutions. At workplace, we use different computer software and
applications to complete tasks like making documents,
calculations, tables, graphs, etc. We can also use applications to do
every day work, like buying things, booking train or bus tickets,
Internet banking and making online payments. Modern ICT employs a
variety of media forms, which includes text, graphics, animation,
audio and video, etc.
It also involves creating, curating, managing images and documents;
gathering and processing data and presenting them; working with audio
and video tools to create media rich communications, etc. Therefore,
employees are expected to possess a sound knowledge of all these to
work independently on various software
and computers.
ICT at Home
These days most of the people uses television for entertainment and
phones for calling up other people. New devices, such as smartphones
with an Internet connection are now being used to stay connected with
family and friends on a regular basis through social media networks,
such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. We use computers and mobile
phones for talking to each other, sending and receiving information,
watching videos and news, listening to music and playing games. You
can visit the following sites and know about the ICT activities which are
being carried out in various sectors

KVS ZIET MYSORE 49

Smartphones
Mobile phones are ICT tools for talking to people but smartphones are
more advanced. With a simple mobile phone you can only make phone
calls and receive calls. With a smartphone (Figure 3.3), you can
make calls and do things that you normally do using a computer, such
as browsing the web, sending e-mails, making video calls, playing
games, listening to music, watching movies and much more.
Smartphones are also called mobile phones as you can use them
anywhere — at home, in office or on the road (Figure 3.4). They do not
need a telephone line. They use wireless (mobile) networks to make calls
and to connect to the Internet. Some of the popular operating systems
for smartphones are Android OS, Apple iOS and Windows Mobile.
For some activities, such as reading a book for a longtime, the
screen of a mobile may be too small. For such activities, we can use a
tablet
A tablet is a mini computer with input, output and processing
functions that are all combined into one ‘touchscreen’, where you can
do various tasks just by touching its screen. It is bigger than a
smartphone and you can perform all the functions that one can perform
on a computer or a smartphone.
ICT TOOLS: SMARTPHONES AND TABLETS — II
To operate your smartphone, you need to know about basic controls
and functions and their uses.
Mobile Device Layout
Some of the basic controls you see on mobile device are as follows:
• Power button: This is used to start
and shut down a mobile device.
• Screen: A screen on which we
perform
functions by touching with our
fingers.
• Back button: You use the Back
Button to go back to the previous
screen in an application.
• Microphone: This is present at the bottom of the mobile and we
speak into the microphone when we talk to someone.
Menu button: This is used to show the options available in a particular
app. This may not be present in all mobile devices.
• Home button: This brings you back to the Home Screen from
wherever you are in your mobile, whether you are on another page

KVS ZIET MYSORE 50

• or using an App.
• Earpiece: This helps you to listen to voice calls.
• Volume button: This helps you to increase or reduce the sound of your
mobile

Basic Features of a Mobile Device

Bluetooth: This is a short-range wireless technology which

helps you connect with other devices that are within 30 feet of
where you are. Once connected, you can send messages and
songs.
Chargeable Battery: This is a portable power pack which can
be recharged. It allows you to use the device anywhere.
Wi-Fi: This is a wireless network technology that helps you
connect to the local area network. This is used to connect to the
Internet and work with e-mails, social media and anything to
do which requires internet.
Touch Screen: The output display of a mobile device is a
touch screen. This helps you to run apps and type anything into
the mobile by simply touching different areas of the screen
with your finger.
Camera: Smartphones and Tablet have a front and back
camera to capture pictures and videos.
Clock: Every mobile device has a clock which can be set
according to the time in your country.
Cellular network connectivity: This provides the network
through which you can make calls.
Global Positioning System: It is a navigation (direction
finding) system that helps you to navigate, find direction and
maps to specific locations.
PARTS OF A COMPUTER AND PERIPHERALS
Parts of a computer
A computer system is a programmable machine designed to store
and retrieve information and perform arithmetic and logical
operations to produce meaningful results in desired format. It
consists of three main units: Input Unit, Central Processing Unit
(CPU) and Output Unit. Different computers have different ways
in which the input, processing and output units are connected. In
desktop computers, as shown in Figure, all three units are
separate devices. It has:
(i) a keyboard, which is the input unit,

KVS ZIET MYSORE 51

 (ii) a box with the Central Processing Unit,
which is the processing unit and
(iii) a monitor, which is the output unit.
Input unit helps the user to enter raw data
and instructions into the computer
system, central processing
unit performs the required operations
Common Peripheral Devices

Keyboard: It is Mouse: We use Microphone Projector: It is

used to provide it to go to : It is used used to project
input to the different parts to record images or video
computer on what of the screen voice on the from computer
to do, which could on the monitor. computer, on a screen.
be in the form of and
typed letters, communicat
numbers, and e.
symbols.

Monitor: It Speakers: It Scanner: It Printer: It helps

displays all the plays back all is a device to print out the
visual output that the sound- that scans/ visual output on
CPU produces based output. captures a the paper, as
after processing paper image, displayed on the
the input. document monitor.
and converts
it
to digital file
on
computer.
Other peripheral devices and their functions
In large retail stores, a peripheral device commonly found is the
barcode reader or barcode scanner. It is used for recording the items
purchased in order to create the receipt/bill. In offices and homes, we

KVS ZIET MYSORE 52

use a peripheral device known as scanner, and it is used to convert the
information on a paper document into a digital information document.
Central Processing Unit
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) of the computer as shown in
Figure 3.13, is like our brain. How does our brain work? Our eyes
see (input) a mathematical problem and sends the details to the brain.
The brain thinks (processes) and gets the result while the hand writes
it on paper (output). In a similar way, the CPU also processes
information received from the keyboard and gives the output to the
monitor or the printer. Just as our brain can understand arithmetic
and logical information, the CPU can also solve mathematical and
logical problems.
There are 3 main parts of the CPU.
• Control unit: It acts like a receiver and a manager of a
company. It receives inputs from user and controls different
parts to do the operations required.
• Processing unit: It acts as an accountant of a company and
performs all the mathematical and logical calculations.
• Memory unit: It acts as the storage room of a company,
where data is stored temporarily (RAM) as well as for a long
time (ROM).
Understanding RAM and ROM
Let us take the example of a kitchen to understand the meaning of RAM
and ROM. If you are a cook, what would you keep on the kitchen
counter? And what would you store away i n t h e k i t c h e n s h e l v e s ?
Well, all the things you need immediately and regularly will be on the
counter. And things that you do not access often will be in the shelves.
Random Access Memory (RAM) is like the kitchen counter to a
computer that is switched on, and Read Only Memory (ROM) is like
the storage shelf. Flash memory is usually an external device which is a
mix of both RAM and ROM. Some key differences between various
storage devices are given in Table
RA RO Flash Memory
M M

KVS ZIET MYSORE 53

• When you are • Permanently • Can permanently
doing tasks on stores store information
your computer, information
you use RAM
• Temporarily • Information is • Information is not lost
stores stored when when computer is
information computer is off switched off
• Information is • Information • Information can be
lost when cannot be changed on easily. It is
computer is changed easily m a i n l y u s e d in
switched off • It is mainly used removable storage
• Information when starting the devices (like USB), and
can be changed computer. its usage is based on
easily. user’s needs.
Motherboard
Motherboard, also referred to as a system board, is the main circuit
board inside a computer. It connects input, processing and output
devices. Some other important parts of a computer system are
storage devices, ports and connections.
Storage devices
In order to transfer files from one computer to another one, you need
smaller storage devices which you can carry easily from one place to
another. These storage devices are used to store digital information.
The commonly used storage devices are USB flash drive, hard disk,
CD, DVD, etc., as shown in Figure.

Compact Disc USB Flash Drive DVD External Hard Disk

Storage Devices

They mainly differ in their storage capacity (how much data they can
store).
You may have heard of a computer with data storage capacity of
500 MB or 2GB. What does that mean? Data is stored in the form of
bits and bytes. Bit (Binary Digit, represented by 0 or 1) is the smallest
storage unit. Eight bits combined together form a byte, which in turn
represents a character (numerals/letters/symbols).
• 8 bits make a byte and 1024 bytes make a kilobyte (KB).
• 1024 KB make 1 megabyte (MB)

KVS ZIET MYSORE 54

• 1024 megabyte make 1 gigabyte (GB)
• 1024 gigabyte make 1 terabyte (TB)
Very simply, more the number of bytes, larger and more
number of files can be stored.
Ports and connections
How do you think we connect our keyboard or mouse to the CPU? We
do it with the help of wires. Where do you think the wires go in the
CPU? The slots or channels into which we connect the
mouse/keyboard/external hard disk wires are called ports. Thus, ports
help us connect input, output and storage devices in a computer system.
There are several types of ports that you can use to connect a computer
to an external devices and networks. These are:
• Universal serial bus or the USB port which connects peripheral
devices, such as a mouse or a keyboard or a printer to a computer using
the cable.
• Display port which connects the monitor, or any display unit, to the
computer using the cable. These can be of different types, like Video
Graphics Array (VGA) and High Definition Multimedia Interface
(HDMI), depending on the requirement.
• Audio ports help to connect microphone, speakers, and headphones
to a computer system. Often, the speaker and headphone port is called
the line out port,
i.e., it is meant for sound output.
• Ethernet port is used for connecting the system to high speed
Internet cable.
• Power port is used for connecting the computer system to the power
supply.

USB Port Audio Ports

RGB Display port (Left) and HDMI port (Right)

Ethernet Port Power port

KVS ZIET MYSORE 55

Write short answers for the following: (2 marks each)
1. Define ICT and explain its importance in modern education.
2. Differentiate between hardware and software, giving examples of each.
3. Explain the concept of a file extension and give an example.
4. Describe the function of an operating system (OS) in a computer system.
5. What is the purpose of a web browser? Provide examples of popular web
browsers.
6. Define RAM (Random Access Memory) and explain its role in a computer
system.
7. What is a search engine, and how does it work? Provide an example of a
popular search engine.
8. Describe the purpose of data backup in ICT.
9. Explain the concept of cloud computing and its advantages.
10. Define cyber security and list three common cyber security threats.
11. What is the role of an IP address in internet communication?
12. Explain the concept of encryption and its importance in data security.
13. Define ICT and provide examples of its components.
14. Describe the difference between application software and system software.
15. Mention two uses of ICT at home

ANSWERS:
1. Define ICT and explain its importance in modern education.
Answer: ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It
encompasses technologies used to manage and communicate information and
includes hardware, software, networks, and media. In education, ICT enhances
learning through access to resources, collaboration tools, and interactive learning
platforms.
2. Differentiate between hardware and software, giving examples of each.
Answer: Hardware refers to physical components of a computer system that you
can touch, such as CPU, monitor, keyboard, and printer. Software refers to
programs and applications that run on a computer, like operating systems (e.g.,
Windows), word processors (e.g., Microsoft Word), and web browsers (e.g.,
Google Chrome).

KVS ZIET MYSORE 56

3. Explain the concept of a file extension and give an example.
Answer: A file extension is a suffix added to the end of a filename, indicating the
format or type of data stored in the file. For example, ".docx" indicates a
Microsoft Word document, and ".jpg" indicates a JPEG image file.
4. Describe the function of an operating system (OS) in a computer system.
Answer: An operating system manages computer hardware and software
resources and provides common services for computer programs. It facilitates
communication between software and hardware, manages memory and files, and
provides a user interface for interaction.
5. What is the purpose of a web browser? Provide examples of popular web
browsers.
Answer: A web browser is used to access and view websites on the World Wide
Web. Examples include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, and
Safari.
6. Define RAM (Random Access Memory) and explain its role in a computer
system.
Answer: RAM is a type of volatile memory that temporarily stores data and
instructions that the CPU needs to perform tasks. It allows for quick access to data
but loses its contents when the computer is turned off.
7. What is a search engine, and how does it work? Provide an example of a
popular search engine.
Answer: A search engine is a web-based tool that allows users to search for
information on the internet by entering keywords or phrases. Examples include
Google Search, Bing, Yahoo Search, and DuckDuckGo. Search engines use
algorithms to retrieve relevant web pages based on the user's query.
8. Describe the purpose of data backup in ICT.
Answer: Data backup involves creating copies of important data to protect against
data loss due to hardware failure, human error, or cyber-attacks. It ensures that
data can be restored in case of accidental deletion or system failure.
9. Explain the concept of cloud computing and its advantages.
Answer: Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services over the
internet, including storage, processing power, and software applications.
Advantages include scalability, cost-efficiency, accessibility from anywhere with
internet access, and automatic updates and maintenance by the service provider.
10. Define cybersecurity and list three common cybersecurity threats.

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Answer: Cybersecurity involves protecting computer systems, networks, and data
from cyber threats. Common threats include malware (e.g., viruses, ransomware),
phishing attacks, data breaches, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.
11. What is the role of an IP address in internet communication?
Answer: An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a numerical label assigned
to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for
communication. It uniquely identifies devices and allows them to communicate
with each other over a network.
12. Explain the concept of encryption and its importance in data security.
Answer: Encryption is the process of converting plain text or data into a coded
form (cipher text) that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized users. It
ensures data confidentiality and protects sensitive information from unauthorized
access or interception during transmission.
13. Define ICT and provide examples of its components.
Answer: ICT (Information and Communication Technology) refers to
technologies used to manage, process, and communicate information.
Components include hardware (e.g., computers, smartphones), software (e.g.,
operating systems, applications), networks (e.g., LAN, WAN), and the internet.
14. Describe the difference between application software and system
software.
Answer: Application software performs specific tasks for users (e.g., word
processing, web browsing), while system software manages and supports
computer hardware and software (e.g., operating systems, device drivers).
16. Mention two uses of ICT at home
Two uses of ICT at home
A. Smartphones with internet connections for staying connected with friends and
family through social media
ICT can contribute to universal access to education, equity in education, quality
learning, and teaching to students at home. Other than students, ICT is also
helpful for elders in texting messages, gathering information on various topics,
etc.

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 UNIT-5 GREEN SKILLS

SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT

People live together in villages, cities, states and countries, thus
forming a ‘Society’. Society interacts with the environment, and
changes it at the same time. The interaction of the society with the
environment sometimes affects the ecological balance in the
environment. With the increase in population and economic activities,
people’s interference with nature has started destroying the
environment. The industrial development and intensive agriculture that
provides the goods for our increasingly consumer-oriented society
uses up large amounts of natural resources, such as water, minerals,
petroleum products, wood, etc.
Natural resources
A resource can be defined as any natural or artificial substance,
energy or organism, which is used by human being for its welfare. Ever
since the earth was inhabited, humans and other life forms have
depended on things that exist freely in nature to survive. These things
include water, land, soils, rocks, forests, animals, fossil fuels and
minerals. They are called natural resources as they are the basis of life
on earth. We use these resources to survive and also to function
properly. Natural resources can be consumed directly or indirectly. For
instance, humans depend directly on forests for food, biomass, health,
recreation and increased living comfort.

Non-renewable Resources Renewable Resources

Coal Water
Coal is one of the cheapest Only about 2.5 % of water on earth is
sources of fuel.It is used in power fresh water. Energy f r o m r i v e r s i s
houses, factories and houses for u s e d t o m a k e electricity. Energy
cooking and heating. produced by tides in sea and oceans
can also be converted into electricity.
Petroleum Sun
It includes petrol, diesel and Sun’s energy can be used to generate
mineral oils. It is used to run electricity. These are used in
motor vehicles, furnaces and calculators, street lamps, and even
power-houses. in room heaters and water heaters.
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 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
There are three Rs which you can apply for saving the environment –
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. It is a concept of the modern waste
management.
Reduce: Do not use what you do not need. If we reduce at source, there is
a lesser chance of waste generation and the pressure on our already
stretched natural resources is reduced. On an individual level we can
reduce the use of unnecessary items while shopping, buy items with
minimal packaging, avoid buying disposable items and also avoid asking
for plastic carry bags. Use your own reusable cloth or jute bags instead of
plastic bags.
Reuse: Reuse the materials for other purposes, such as making pillow
covers or rags out of used shirts or ladies suits.
Recycling: Recycling is reusing some components of the waste that may
have some economic value. Recycling has readily visible benefits, such as
conservation of resources reduction in energy used during manufacture and
reducing pollution levels. Some materials, such as aluminium and steel
can be recycled many times. Metal, paper, glass and plastics are recyclable.
Plastic items are recycled into new plastic products. Kitchen wet waste can
be utilised to make compost that can be used as an organic fertiliser. To do
this every house should segregate the waste into wet and dry garbage. Wet
garbage includes most kitchen wastes, which can be used for preparing
vermicompost. Most dry garbage is recyclable. Several technological
breakthroughs have recently been made to recover material from industrial
waste.
CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES
Conservation is the proper management of a natural resource to prevent its
exploitation, destruction or degradation. Conservation is the sum total of
activities, which can derive benefits from natural resources but at the same
time prevent excessive use, which may lead to destruction or degradation.
It means using them more efficiently and less wastefully
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GREEN ECONOMY
What is sustainable development?
Sustainability is the development that satisfies the needs of the present
without compromising the capacity. of future generations, guaranteeing the
balance between economic growth, care for the environment and social

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 well-being. Sustainable development is a concept that appeared for the
first time in 1987 with the publication of the Brundtland Report, warning
of the negative environmental consequences of economic growth and
globalisation.

I. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United

Nation in?
(a) 2015
(b) 2016
(c) 2017
(d) 2018

2. How many goals are there in SDGs?

(a) 15
(b) 16
(c) 17
(d) 18

3. How many countries have signed the SDGs?

(a) 163
(b) 173
(c) 183
(d) 193

4 Rain harvesting is a method of :

(a) soil conservation
(b). air conservation
(c). water conservation
(d). plant conservation

5 Water conservation Plants take in ________ gas that helps reducing air
pollution.
(a) NH3
(b) H2
(c) CO2
(d) NO2

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 6 To protect and conserve the environment we should adopt:
(a) white economy
(b) black economy
(c) red economy
(d) green economy

7 Green Economy - Which of the following is not a natural resource?

(a). Coal
(b). Electricity
(c). Petroleum
(d). Soil

8. What is the 3rd goal of Sustainable Development Goal?

(a) End Poverty
(b) Zero Hunger
(c) Good Health & Well-being
(d) Gender Equality

9. Which of the following is not a feasible option any more to improve

agriculture productivity?
(a) Precision farming
(b) Genetically modified seed varieties
(c) Expanding area under agriculture
(d) Using climate – resilient crop varieties

10. AI can change current education models. However, which of the

following cannot be substituted by AI?
(a) Grading and assessment
(b) Content creating and content delivery
(c) Accessibility and affordability
(d) Emotional assistance

Answer the following Questions (2mark):

Q1 What is soil conservation?
Answer – Soil conservation means improving the soil fertility by adopting various
methods.
1. Maintain the soil using natural fertilizers, adding manure and liquid fertilizer
make the soil fertility healthy.
2. Grazing should be allowed only on the specified areas.

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 3. Reforestation on the open space which can reduce soil erosion.
4. Dividing the slope into several flat areas to control the rapid run of water.
Q2 What is a green economy?
Answer – In 1989 The Government of the United Kingdom introduced the ‘Green
Economy’. As per the UNEP definition the green economy one that results in
reducing environmental risks, ecological scarcities, improved human well-being,
ecological scarcities, and social equity.
Q3 What are the components of a Green Economy?
Answer – The Green Economy includes the following components.
∙ Renewable Energy
∙ Green Building
∙ Waste Management
∙ Water Management
∙ Land Management
∙ Well – Managed transportation

Q4 What is the importance of green economy?

Answer:
1. It respects planetary boundaries or ecological limits and scarcity of resources.
2. It helps to protect biodiversity and ecosystems.
3. It is resource and energy efficient and it promotes low carbon emissions.
4. It delivers poverty reduction, human well-being, livelihoods, social protection
and access to essential services.

Q5 What is climate change?

Answer – Climate change means change in the environmental condition of the
earth. Human activities are the largest contribution of climate change and earth
temperature by burning fossil fuels, increasing livestock farming, Fertilizers
containing nitrogen and cutting down trees.

Q6. How does harmful radiation affect climate change?

Answer – Ozone layer protects earth from harmful radiation from the sun, Ozone
layer is made of a gas. Coolants in refrigerators, Air – conditioners and Cleaning
chemicals directly affect the Ozone layer. When ozone layer affects the harmful
radiation comes to earth and increases health disorders.

Q7. What are natural disasters?

Answer – Natural disasters depend on climate change, when the climate change
earthquakes, floods, storms, landslides etc. affect the earth.
To save the earth and environment we need to educate people about the
environment, through the environment and for the environment.

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 Q8 How to save the environment?
Answer – There are three things people need to do to save the environment.
a. Reduce – If you manage waste management properly, if you reduce the use of
unnecessary products or items, buy items with minimal packaging, avoid buying
plastic
bags or plastic products etc.
b. Reuse – Always try to reuse waste products in a different way or reprocessing.
For
example, making pillow covers you can use old shirts or old ladies’ suits.
c. Recycling – Reusing some components of the waste that may have some
economic
value. Paper, Metal, glass and plastics are recyclable. You can recycle the plastic,
metal, glass, and paper products.

Q9 What is energy conservation?

Answer – Conservation of energy means saving the energy and using it efficiently.
We
use a lot of non-renewable energy resources for our needs. we have to save them –
1. Use LED bulbs instead of using Tube light or normal bulbs.
2. Switch of fans, TV, lights and other electrical appliances when it is not used.
3. Using a pressure cooker to make food will save energy.
4. Keep the bulb and tubes clean.

Q10 What is Green growth?

Answer – Green growth is an approach for achieving economic growth that is
socially
inclusive and environmentally sustainable.
The Indian Government included Green growth in its vision, where ‘poverty
eradication’
and green growth is the focus point of the green economy.

Q11 What is a green economy?

Answer – In 1989 The Government of the United Kingdom introduced the ‘Green
Economy’. As per the UNEP definition the green economy one that results in
reducing
environmental risks, ecological scarcities, improved human well-being, ecological
scarcities, and social equity.
Q12 What are the components of a Green Economy?
Answer – The Green Economy includes the following components.
∙ Renewable Energy
∙ Green Building

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 ∙ Waste Management
∙ Water Management
∙ Land Management
∙ Well – Managed transportation

Q13 What are Green Jobs?

Answer – Many companies create jobs to decrease environmental issues due to
factories or waste management.
This company required a person to preserve or restore the environment in the
natural way that is Green Jobs.

Q14 What are the Green Projects?

Answer – To Save the environment, many organizations are taking initiatives.
They are implementing Waste management, Energy conservation, Biofuel use,
Green sanitation, Green Building etc.

Q15 Explain ‘Affordable and Clean Energy’.

• Using solar power i.e., power generated using the sun does not cause
pollution as it does not require burning of non-renewable fuels, such as
coal.
• Use of biogas is also an eco-friendly alternative to natural gas.

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 PART-B: SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS
UNIT-1: AI Reflection, Project Cycle and Ethics

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Definition:
Artificial intelligence is a technology that enables computers and machines to
simulate human intelligence and problem-solving capabilities.
Components of AI:
Data and Algorithm makes a machine Artificially intelligent.
Features of AI:
 Mimics human intelligence
 Solves real-world problems
 Improves on its own from past experiences
 Predicts and make decisions on its own
Applications of AI:
➢ Face Lock and Fingerprint Lock in Smartphones protects user data.
➢ Smart assistants like Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa recognize patterns
in speech, then infer meaning and provide a useful response.
➢ Fraud and Risk Detection by Banks and Finance companies through
customer profiling, past expenditures, and other essential variables to
analyse the probabilities of risk and default.
➢ Medical Imaging helps to understand patient’s health condition and
diseases.
Machine Learning (ML):
Machine learning (ML) is a branch of AI that focuses on the using data and
algorithms to enable AI to imitate the human skills of learning and gradually
improving its accuracy. Machine learning may dependent on human
intervention to learn.
Deep Learning (DL):
Deep learning is a subset of ML that uses multi-layered neural networks to
simulate the complex decision-making power of the human brain.
Deep Learning does not need human intervention.

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 Domains of AI
There are 3 major domains in AI:

Computer Natural Language

Data Science
Vision Processing

1. Data Sciences (DS)

Data sciences is a domain of AI related to data systems and processes where the
system collects numerous data, maintains data sets and derives meaning or sense
out of them. The information extracted through data science can be used to make
a decision about it.

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 Application of Data Science:
Price Comparison Websites like PriceGrabber, PriceRunner, Junglee, Shopzilla,
DealTime etc.

2. Computer Vision (CV)

Computer Vision is a domain of AI that enables a machine to get and analyse
visual information and predicts or decides about it.
The entire process involves image acquiring, screening, analysing, identifying and
extracting information from photographs and videos captured through thermal or
infrared sensors, indicators or other sources.
Application of Computer Vision:
Self-Driving cars/ Automatic Cars, Face Lock in Smartphones, etc.

3. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Natural Language Processing is a branch of AI that deals with the interaction
between computers and humans using the natural language. NLP attempts to
extract information from the spoken and written words using algorithms.
The objective of NLP is to read, decipher, understand, and make sense of the
human languages.

Application of Natural Language Processing:

Email filters / Spam filters, Smart assistants like Alexa, Siri etc.
AI Ethics
Difference between Morals and Ethics:

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 AI Ethics:
Ethical principles need to be applied by the organisations developing and
implementing AI Systems regarding the volume and types of data need to be
collected from the users in order to provide optimal customised services. The
privacy and secrecy of the users needs to be maintained.
Principles in AI Ethics:

Human
Rights

Inclusion Ethical Bias

Principles

Privacy

 Human Rights: The users of AI Systems should not loose personal and
financial independence. The must not face any discrimination.

 Bias: Bias is said to be the partiality or preference for one over others. AI bias
may often come from the collected data which may affect the results. For
example, AI should represent all sections of the society and must not exclude
anyone.
 Privacy: AI Systems should not disclose individual and private data. It should
not breach one’s safety and security.
 Inclusion: AI must discriminate against a particular group of population,
causing them any kind of disadvantage.

Ethical scenarios faced while building AI solutions

Scenario 1: If a driverless car finds someone crossing the road, takes a turn to
avoid hitting the person and instead smashed the car in a wall / tree nearby

KVS ZIET MYSORE 69

 causing serious injury to the passengers, is it a fault in the development on
moral ground.
Scenario 2: If any Automated or Driverless Car hits someone standing in the
middle of a road, who needs to be held responsible; whom should be penalised.

AI bias
The biased mentality of the developers may result in the presence of bias in the
AI System. Bias might not be negative always but it may reflect the social
norms and common facts.
Examples of AI Bias:
 All the virtual assistants have a female voice.
 If searching is done for Salons on Google, the resultant list mostly contains
female salons.
 Searching for images of Nurse gives the pictures of female nurses mostly.
AI Access
Since AI Systems are emerging technology and expensive, all cannot get access
to AI and get benefitted. AI may create unemployment if not implemented
carefully and with compassion.
Access of AI to kids must be limited for their effective cognitive development.
Smart Assistants can be used for fun, but problem-solving software like
ChatGPT should not be used for solving math and science related problems.

AI Project Cycle
Project Cycle is a step-by-step process to solve problems using AI and drawing
inferences about them.
Importance of the AI project cycle:
Understandability: Understand the process and its each step better
Modularity: Break down process into small parts for ease of development.
Efficiency: Make better, faster and more effective AI solution in less effort

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 Fig: AI Project Cycle

Stage 1: Problem Scoping

Selection of a problem to solve with the help of AI is said to be Problem Scoping.
Step 1: Selection of theme.
Step 2: Find root cause of the problem.
Step 3: Select GOAL of the AI project.
Step 4: Identify 4 critical parameters using 4Ws Problem Canvas to solve.
Step 5: Problem Statement template can be used to frame the 4Ws to define the
problem and summarize the key elements.

Who – Stakeholders of the Problem – Person or people facing the problem.

What –
I. Identify the nature of the problem
II. Assess whether it is actually a problem to the stakeholders
III. Evidence in support of the problem

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 Where – Finding the following details about the problem:
Location, Context, Situation, Frequency
Why – Finding root cause of the problem.

Stage 2: Data Acquisition

Data are the piece of facts and information collected for reference or analysis.
Data must be accurate, reliable and traceable.
Data acquisition refers to collection of correct data from reliable source.
AI system must be trained with Training Data Set. Based on Historical / Training
data, the AI system can predict next level of data set which is called Testing
Data.
Data can be acquired in the various formats – Coordinates, texts, photos, videos
etc. Data feature refers to the type of data i.e., attributes / fields.
Data acquisition methods:
Surveys Web Scraping Sensors Cameras Observations APIs

Only public data should be acquired that is available in open-source websites

or government portals. General Data Protection Right (GDPR) must not be
violated as it’s punishable offense. Example of such website: data.gov.in,
india.gov.in, etc.
Stage 3: Data Exploration
Visual representation of data helps in analyzing data in the following ways:
 Quickly comprehend the trends, relationships, and patterns within data
 Define strategy and choose model
 Communicate information to others

Different types of graphs can be used: Line graph, Bar Graph, Pie chart etc.

Stage 4: Data Modelling

For developing project in AI the model or algorithm can be chosen to predict

output based on the set of inputs in any one of the following manners:
KVS ZIET MYSORE 72
 ➢ Designing own model
➢ Choose a pre-existing model

AI Models

Rule-based Learning-based
Approach Approach

Machine Learning Deep Learning

(ML) (DL)

A. Rule-based AI Approach:
Relationships or patterns in data are predefined and algorithm follows the rule
or instructions mentioned and perform the tasks accordingly. The data along
with rules are fed to the machine during training and then the machine become
able to predict answers for the same.
Example:
Step 1: Train system with training data fed into the system.
[Dataset containing 1000 images of onions and carrots with labels]
Step 2: Feed a testing data [Say one image of onion]
Step 3: Compare training data with testing data as per rules
[Compare image of onion with all others]
Step 4: Identify the correct output [Determine its onion]
Advantage:
The algorithms are simple and easy to implement. Number of data required is
limited. Hence training machine is easy.
Limitation:
This learning is static. The machine once trained, does not take into
consideration any changes made in the original training dataset. That is, if you
try testing the machine on a dataset which is different from the rules and data
you fed it at the training stage, the machine will fail and will not learn from its
mistake. Once trained, the model cannot improvise itself based on feedbacks.

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 B. Learning-based AI Approach:

In Learning based AI model, the machine gets trained on the data fed to it and
then can design a model, adaptive to the change in data. Implementation
through: Classification of images, used in Computer Vision.
Advantage:
It is a dynamic model. If the model is trained with a type of data and the
machine designs the algorithm around it, the model would adjust itself
according to the changes in the data to handle the exceptions.

Disadvantage:
Huge amount quality of data is required for training the machine. Large storage
and efficient algorithm is required. It is expensive and time taking to implement.

Example:
Step 1: Random data is fed into the system. [10,000 images of people in a city]
Step 2: Machine analyses data. [to identify sick and healthy people]
Step 3: System tries to extract similar features. Algorithm needs to derive
relationship in data. [Identify facial expressions and emotions]
Step 4: Cluster same data together. [Form group with identical facial
expressions]
Step 5: Output is the broad trends observed in the data set. [Identify whether a
given picture belong to a sick or healthy person]

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 Supervised Learning
In a supervised learning model, the dataset which is fed to the machine is labelled.
A label is some information which can be used as a tag for data.
i. Regression:
Algorithm generates a mapping function from the given data, represented by a
line. It helps to predict or forecast future data. Regression works with continuous
data.
e.g. – Prediction of marks in the next exam based on historical data.
ii. Classification:
Algorithm classifies the data according to the labels and sorted as per labelling is
done. It works on discrete data sets.
e.g. – Classify image of men and women where numerous images of men and
women in different structures and formats are fed as training data.

Unsupervised Learning
An unsupervised learning model works on unlabelled dataset. Data fed to the
machine is random. The unsupervised learning models are used to identify
relationships, patterns, and trends out of the training data. It helps the user in
understanding what the data is about and what are the major features identified by
the machine in it.
Example
A random data of 1000 dog images are fed into the system and some pattern can
be found out of it, like colour, size of dogs etc.
i. Clustering:
This unsupervised learning algorithm can cluster the unknown data according to
the patterns or trends identified out of it. Cluster works in random, unlabelled, and

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 discrete data sets. The patterns observed might be the ones which are known to the
developer or it might even come up with some unique patterns out of it.

ii. Dimensionality Reduction:

Human beings are able to visualise upto 3-Dimensions only. But according to lot
of theories and algorithms, there are various entities which exist beyond 3-
Dimensions. Dimensionality reduction algorithm is used to reduce dimensions and
still make sense out of data.
The information gets distorted with reducing dimensions. At least 50% of the
information is lost after reducing one dimension.

Reinforcement Learning:
Reinforcement learning is a machine learning technique that trains software to
make decisions to achieve the most optimal results. It mimics the trial-and-error
learning process that humans use to achieve their goals. This uses a reward-and-
punishment paradigm as they process data.

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 Stage 5: Evaluation
After completing all the steps of AI Project Cycle, the model needs to be evaluated
to ensure correctness of results generated from new data.
Once a model has been made and trained, it needs to go through proper testing so
that one can calculate the efficiency and performance of the model. Hence, the
model is tested with the help of Testing Data (acquired during Data Acquisition
stage) and the efficiency of the model is calculated based on the parameters
mentioned below:

If there is any variance between Training data set and Test data set, the model
needs to be improved by means of iteration.
Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) is a metric used to find out the accuracy
of a model.

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 Check your Progress

20 questions of 1 mark each (20 x 1 = 20)

1. State True / False
Machine Learning is a subset of Deep Learning.
2. Which of the following is not a domain of AI?
(a) CV (b) DS (c) SN (d) NLP
3. Spam filter is an application of ____________.
(a) Natural Language Processing (c) Computer Vision
(b) Data Science (d) Segmentation
4. _____________ (AI Ethics / AI Access) needs to be ensured so that
everyone can afford the benefit of AI.
5. Searching for a Chef’s photo in the web browser mostly give men’s
images. This is an instance of ____________.
(a) AI Access (b) AI Bias (c) AI Domain (d) AI Ethics
6. Which of the following is not a responsibility of AI developers?
(a) User data protection (b) Maintaining Dignity of users
(c) Class Segregation (d) Maintain price performance ratio
7. Choose the five stages of AI project cycle in correct order:

a. Evaluation -> Problem Scoping -> Data Exploration -> Data

Acquisition -> Modelling
b. Problem Scoping -> Data Exploration -> Data Acquisition ->
Evaluation -> Modelling
c. Data Acquisition -> Problem Scoping -> Data Exploration ->
Modelling ->Evaluation
d. Problem Scoping -> Data Acquisition -> Data Exploration ->
Modelling ->Evaluation
8. Which of are the advantages of developing an AI Project Cycle?
i. Understandability
ii. Modularity
iii. Cost Effective
iv. Time saving
(a) i & iv (b) ii & iii (c) i & ii (d) iii & iv
9. 4W’s problem canvas does not consider __________
(a) When (b) Where (c) Why (d) Who
10. _______________ summarises all the key points of a problem as a
single format.
11. AI system must be fed with _______ Data and it can predict next level
of data called _________ Data.

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 12. Which of the following is not a correct method of Data Collection?
(a) Survey (b) Prediction (c) Observation (d) API
13. Data Exploration can be done through:
(a) Bar Graph (b) Histogram (c) Flowcharts (d) All of these
14. State True / False:
Deep Learning is not a part of Rule Based AI model.
15. The AI System development takes place in the ____________ stage of
AI Project Cycle.
16. A System surveillance wherein we categorize whether the system’s
current state can be marked as “Protected,” “Threat” or “Vulnerable” is
an example of:
a. Classification b. Clustering c. Regression d. Dimensionality
Reduction
17. Which of the following is a problem of Learning based AI approach?
(a) Adjusting (b) Limited data (c) Slower Outcome (d) Inaccurate
18. Identify the data modelling technique.

a)Regression b) Classification c) Clustering d) Dimensionality reduction

Q19 and 20 are ASSERTION AND REASONING based questions.
Mark the correct choice as
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A
(c) A is True but R is False
(d) A is false but R is True
19. Assertion: Rule based AI model is a static model.
Reasoning: Rule based model can evolve over changing data set.
20. Assertion: Dimension Reduction is used in higher dimension problems.
Reasoning: Reducing dimension of a problem causes huge data loss.

15 questions of 2 marks each (15 x 2 = 30)

21. Write down some applications of AI in daily life.
22. How should AI system maintain privacy of user data?
23. State the requirement of NLP. Give example.
24. Why is ethics important while developing AI application? Justify your
answer.
25. How can biasness influences AI systems? Give suitable example.

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 26. What do you mean by AI project cycle? State its advantages.
27. Name the stages of AI project cycle.
28. Explain the concept of 4W’s problem canvas.
29. Sunita needs to collect data for her AI project. Please suggest her any 4
methods of Data Acquisition.
30. Distinguish between Training data and Testing data.
31. Ravi needs to represent data. State any two data visualization techniques
during data exploration.
32. Differentiate between Supervised and Unsupervised Learning.
33. How Reinforcement Learning implemented?
34. Write down the importance of Evaluation in AI project cycle.
35. Name any two methods of AI project evaluation.

5 questions of 4 mark each (5 x 4 = 20)

36. Define AI, ML and DL. Also state the relation among them.
37. What do you mean by Data Science and Computer Vision. Give suitable
examples for each.
38. Distinguish between Rule based AI and Learning based AI.
39. Explain the concept of Regression and Classification. Give examples for
each.
40. How clustering is different from classification? When is dimensionality
reduction useful?
Solutions
1. False 2. c 3. a 4. AI Access 5. b
6. c 7. d 8. c 9. a 10. Problem Statement Template
11. 12. b 13. d 14. True 15. Data Modelling
Train
ing,
Testi
ng
16. a 17. c 18. a 19. c 20. b

Answers of 2 Marks Questions

21. a) AI can recommend products or services based on the browsing history,
past purchases, and preferences of the users.
b) AI can provide personalized experience, assessment, and feedback.
c) AI user face recognition system for protecting devices and data.
d) AI analyses vast amounts of medical data, assist doctors in diagnosing
diseases and recommend personalized treatment plans.

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 Or any other correct answer
22. a) Restrict data collection to what is strictly necessary.
b) Secure data by identifying risk, stop misuse or leakage of data with
encryption and password protection.
c) Take permission from user while collecting their personal information
and clearly state their usage. Provide control to user over their
individual information.
23. NLP helps computers understand, interpret and manipulate human
language. The objective of NLP is to read/listens, decipher, understand,
and make sense of the human languages or producing human language
from textual data.
e.g. – Spam filtering, Smart Assistants, Text-to-Speech converter etc.

24. The AI System must abide by social ethics like maintaining human rights,
freedom, emotions, dignity, privacy, and safety. AI must consider the
well-being of mankind.

25. If bias is present in the data and algorithm provided to the AI system, it
produces biased results that reflects human biases within a society,
including historical and current social inequality.
e.g. – Searching image of Nurse gives images of Female Nurses mostly.

26. AI project cycle is a structured method for developing and deploying AI

projects to solve real-world problems.

Advantages:
a) Improve success rate and quality of result
b) Reduce risks during development
c) Increases Efficiency and productivity
d) Modular approach eases understandability and development

27. Problem Scoping => Data Acquisition => Data Exploration =>
Data Modelling => Evaluation

28. 4W Problem Canvas is a Problem Scoping framework prepared to

understand scope of the project and prepare Problem Statement Template.
It has 4 components – who, what, where, why

 Who are the stakeholders facing the problem and need solution?
 What is the nature of the problem and its severity?
 Where is the Location, Context, Situation and Frequency of the

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 problem?
 Why is the problem occurring?

29. Surveys, Web Scraping, Interviews, Observations, APIs (Any two)

30. Training Data Testing Data

i. Used to train the machine i. Used to test performance
learning model of a trained model
ii. Input to the system ii. Outcome from a system
iii. Larger data set for better iii. Smaller data set obtained
knowledge and accuracy after evaluation
31.
Line graph, Bar graph, Area graph, Pie chart, Histogram, Scatter plots,
Flowchart (Any Two)

32. Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning

i. Uses Known and Labelled i. Uses Unknown Data as
Data as input input
ii. Less Computational ii. More Computational
Complexity Complex
iii. Uses off-line analysis iii. Uses Real-Time Analysis
of Data
iv. Accurate and Reliable iv. Moderate Accurate and
Results Reliable Results
v. Training data and testing v. Training data and testing
data is given data is not given
vi. Not possible to learn larger vi. It is possible to learn
and more complex models larger and more complex
models
vii. Can test the model vii. Cannot test the model
33.
Reinforcement Learning uses a trial-and-error learning method which is
implemented by collecting feedback. It uses Reward-Punishment
paradigm.

34. ➢ Evaluation ensures that the model is operating correctly and optimally.
➢ It determines whether efficiency and performance of the model is
acceptable or needs to improve.

35. Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 Score (Any two)

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 4 Marks Questions
36.  AI enables machines to mimic human intelligence for decision making
and problem solving.
 ML imitates the human skills of learning, performing the task and
improving its accuracy over time. It may need human intervention.
 DL uses multi-layered neural networks to simulate the complex
decision-making power of the human brain by using large data sets. It
does not need human intervention.
AI > ML > DL

37. • Data Science allows the system to collect numerous data, maintains
data sets and derives meaning or sense out of them.
e.g. - Price Comparison Websites like PriceGrabber, Price Runner

• Computer Vision enables a machine to get and analyse visual

information from images, videos etc. and predicts or decides.
e.g. – Self driving cars, Face lock

38. Rule based AI Learning based AI

i. Static model i. Dynamic model
ii. Lacks Adaptability - Does ii. Adaptable - Evolves
not incorporate changes in according to changing
data data
iii. May have bias or iii. Can overcome complex
ambiguity situations by learning
iv. Easy to implement iv. Difficult to implement
v. Development time is less v. Development is time
taking
vi. Cheaper vi. Expensive
39.
 Regression – Regression is a Supervised Learning model that predicts
based on the continuous labelled data sets.
e.g. – Predicting future score, price, salary, age, etc

 Classification – Classification is a Supervised Learning model that

accepts discrete data sets and divides them into different classes based
on some parameters.

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 e.g. – Filtering Boys/Girls, Healthy/Sick, Marking Spam emails etc.

40. Classification Clustering

i. Supervised Learning i. Unsupervised Learning
Model model
ii. Labelled Datasets ii. Unlabelled Data sets
iii. Group instances as per iii. Group instances as per
labels similarity of data
iv. Verify model with iv. No need of Training and
Training and Testing Data Testing Data
v. Not flexible – No. of v. Flexible – No. of classes
classes are fixed. depends on variety of data
vi. Complex as many levels vi. Simple as only grouping is
of classification phase done.

_________

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 UNIT-2: DATA LITERACY

SECTION I-Gist of the chapter

Data: It is a collection of raw facts and figures.
Data Pyramid:

Basics of Data Literacy -Data literacy means knowing how to understand, work
with, and talks about data. It's about being able to collect, analyze, and show data
in ways that make sense.
Data Literacy

Ability to read,
Raw facts or
comprehend and
information
communicate.

Data Literacy is the ability to

understand, interpret and communicate
with data.

Data literacy is essential because it enables individuals to make informed

decisions, think critically, solve problems, and innovate.

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 Data Literate is a person who can interact with data to understand the world
around them. E.g. Data Literacy helps people research about products while
shopping over the internet and decide which is the cheapest product, most liked
product and whether particular product meet all requirements.
Data Literacy Process Framework

Data Security and Privacy

Data Privacy-It referred to as information privacy is concerned with the proper
handling of sensitive data including personal data and other confidential data, such
as certain financial data and intellectual property data, to meet regulatory
requirements as well as protecting the confidentiality and immutability of the data.
Data Security-It is the practice of protecting digital information from unauthorized
access, corruption, or theft throughout its entire lifecycle.
Potential risks associated with data breaches and unauthorized access
Due to the rising amount of data in the cloud there is an increased risk of cyber
threats. Hence, we should control and protect the transfer of sensitive or personal
information at every known place. The most possible reasons why data security is
more important now are:
• Cyber-attacks affect all the people
• The fast-technological changes will boom cyber attacks
Cyber security involves protecting computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic
systems, networks, and data from harmful attacks.

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 Do’s
• Use strong, unique passwords with a mix of characters for each account.
• Activate Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for added security.
• Download software from trusted sources and scan files before opening.
• Prioritize websites with "https://" for secure logins.
• Keep your browser, OS, and antivirus updated regularly.
• Adjust social media privacy settings for limited visibility to close contacts.
• Always lock your screen when away.
• Connect only with trusted individuals online.
• Use secure Wi-Fi networks.
• Report online bullying to a trusted adult immediately

Don’t ‘s
• Avoid sharing personal info like real name or phone number.
• Don't send pictures to strangers or post them on social media.
• Don't open emails or attachments from unknown sources.
• Ignore suspicious requests for personal info like bank account details.
• Keep passwords and security questions private.
• Don't copy copyrighted software without permission.
• Avoid cyberbullying or using offensive language online.

Acquiring Data, Processing, and Interpreting Data

Data can be acquired through various online sources, interview, questionnaire,
surveys etc
Types of data:

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 Numeric Data is further classified as:
● Continuous data is numeric data that is continuous. e.g., height, weight,
temperature, voltage
● Discrete data is numeric data that contains only whole numbers and cannot
be fractional e.g. the number of students in the class – it can only be a whole
number, not in decimals
Types of Data used in three domains of AI:
Computer Vision-Visual data like images and videos
Natural Language Processing-Textual data like document and pdf files
Data Science-Numeric data like tables and excel sheets
Data Acquisition/ Acquiring Data
Data Acquisition, also known as acquiring data, refers to the procedure of
gathering data. This involves searching for datasets suitable for training AI
models. The process typically comprises three key steps:
1. Data Discovery- searching for new datasets
2. Data Augmentation-adding more data to the existing data by slight change of
existing data
3. Data Generation-generating data if data is not available.
Sources of Data:
Primary Data sources: surveys, interviews, experiments etc
Secondary Data sources: External data sources like Kaggle, Google, .gov
datasets etc.
Best practices for Acquiring data:

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 1. Good Data: well structured, accurate, consistent, presentable and relevant.
2. Web Scraping: collecting data from websites with permission.
3. Unbiased: Avoiding any preferences or partiality in data.
4. Consent: taking necessary permissions before collecting or using individual’s
data
5. Transparency: without hiding intentions
6. Anonymity: protecting the identity of the person as source of data
7. Accountability: Taking responsibility for actions related to data

Features of Data and Data Preprocessing

Data features are the characteristics or properties of the data. e.g. in student
records table features are like student’s name, age or grade. For a photo features
like colors in image, height and width etc.
For AI models there are two types of features:
1. Independent features: It include the information or input we provide to make
predictions
2. Dependent features: It includes the output or result of the model, that we are
trying to predict.
Usability of data depends upon the structure of data, cleanliness of data and its
accuracy.

Data Processing and Data Interpretation

Data Processing: Operating on raw data to produce meaningful information using
computers.
Data Interpretation: Analyzing data using com to arrive at meaningful decisions.
Methods of Data Interpretation:
There are two methods of Data Interpretation
1. Quantitative Data Interpretation: Interviews, Polls, Observations,
Longitudinal studies, survey
2. Qualitative Data Interpretation: Record keeping, Observation, case studies,
Focus groups, Longitudinal studies, One to one interview
Types of Data Interpretation:

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 There are three ways in which data can be presented:
1. Textual DI: The data is in textual form, usually in paragraph suitable for small
data which can be easily comprehended by reading but unfit for large data.
2. Tabular DI: Data is represented systematically in rows and columns where
columns headings contain the description of information contained in columns.
3. Graphical DI: Data is represented using Bar graph, Pie chart and Line graph etc
Importance of Data Interpretation:
1. Informed decision making
2. Reduced cost
3. Identification of needs

Project Interactive Data Dashboard & Presentation

Data can be collected and can be visualized using visual data analytics platform
like tableau or MS Excel or Datawrapper using which graphs or chart can be
prepared on the basis of collected data which aids in decision making like which
is the highest yield grain in India among wheat, rice, jowar, barley etc.

SECTION II-QUESTION BANK

Sno. 1 Mark Questions
1. What is the meaning of Data?
a) Information
b) Arranged figures
c) Raw facts
d) processed information
2. Which is the highest form of data as per the Data Pyramid?
a) Data
b) Wisdom
c) Information
d) Knowledge
3. Downloading an unverified mobile application leads to the issue of:
a) Data privacy
b) Data Literacy
c) Both
d) None

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4. Data security is the practice of protecting digital information from:
a) unauthorized access
b) corruption
c) theft
d)all of the above
5. What is not a good practice for cyber security?
a) Activate Two Factor Authentication
b) Sending pictures to strangers or post them on social media.
c)Download software from trusted source
d)prioritize websites with https:// for secure logins
6. The framework which provides guidance on using data efficiently and
with all levels of awareness.
a) Data security framework
b) Data literacy framework
c) Data Privacy framework
d) Data acquisition framework
7. Height, weight, temperature, voltage are examples of :
a) Discrete data
b) Continuous data
c) None
d) Both
8. Which domain makes the use of Numeric data like tables, excel sheets etc.
a) NLP
b) Computer Vision
c) Data Science
d)All
9. Adding more data to the existing data by slight change of existing data is
called as:
a) Data discovery
b) Data Augmentation
c) Data Generation
d)None

10. The process of collecting data from websites is called

a) Web screening
b) Web scraping
c)Web browsing
d) Web surfing
11. Analyzing data to arrive at meaningful decisions is termed as
a) Data Processing
b) Data Literacy

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 c)Data privacy
d)Data Interpretation
12. Pie charts, Bar graphs, Line graphs are examples of
a) Textual Data Interpretation
b) Graphical Data Interpretation
c)Tabular Data Interpretation
d) None
13. What is not the advantage of Data interpretation
a) Informed decision making
b) Reduced cost
c)Identification of needs
d) Record keeping
14. Name some graphs which can be used as a tool for Data visualization?

15. Name the missing element?

16. Measuring temperature is qualitative or quantitative?

17. Name the following chart prepared using Tableau software?

a)Bar chart
b)Pie chart
c)Histogram

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 d)Packed Bubble chart

18. Out of a) and b) which is considered as accurate data?

a) b)
19. Quantitative data is numerical in nature. State True or False.
20. Tableau software is tool for
a)Data Acquisition
b)Data Exploration
c)Data Visualization
d)None

S.No 2 Mark questions

1. What is Data Literacy?
2. Who is a Data Literate?
3. What is Data Privacy?
4. What is Data security?
5. Name the stages of Data Literacy Process Framework.
6. Write any two best practices which can be adopted for cyber security.
7. Differentiate between discrete data and continuous data with examples.
8. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative Data Interpretation.
9. Explain the term Data Discovery.
10. Explain the term Data Augmentation.
11. Explain the term sample Data Generation.
12. Differentiate between independent and dependent features of data.
13. Explain the term Data processing and Data Interpretation.
14. What are the features of Good Data?
15. Name some different types of charts which can be used for Graphical Data
Interpretation.
S.no. 4 mark questions
1. Explain the types of Data?
2. Explain the process of Data Acquisition.
3. Explain the different features of data.
4. Explain the types of Data Interpretation.
5. Explain about any one Data Visualization tool and how it aids in analysis of
data.
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 Answers of Question Bank
Sno. Answers of 1mark questions
1. Raw facts
2. Wisdom
3. Data Privacy
4. All of the above
5. Sending pictures to strangers or post them on social media.
6. Data Literacy framework
7. Continuous data
8. Data Science
9. Data Augmentation
10. Web scraping
11. Data Interpretation
12. Graphical Data Interpretation1
13. Record keeping
14. Bar graph, Line graph, Histogram, Pie chart etc
15. Interpret
16. Quantitative
17. Packed Bubble Chart
18. (b)
19. True
20. Data Visualization

S.No. Answers of 2 marks questions

1. Data literacy means knowing how to understand, work with, and talks
about data. It's about being able to collect, analyze, and show data in ways
that make sense. Data literacy is the ability to understand, interpret and
communicate with data.
2. Data Literate is a person who can interact with data to understand the
world around them. E.g. if a person needs to buy a product online, he/she
will look for specific features as per his/her requirement, make use of price
filters and look for user ratings and review with respect to that product.
3. Data privacy referred to as information privacy is concerned with the
proper handling of sensitive data including personal data and other
confidential data, such as certain financial data and intellectual property
data, to meet regulatory requirements as well as protecting the
confidentiality and immutability of the data. E.g. agree to terms and
conditions without reading, while downloading an app in the mobile may
leads to data privacy issue.

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 4. Data security is the practice of protecting digital information from
unauthorized access, corruption, or theft throughout its entire lifecycle.
Due to cyber-attacks and fast technological changes, data security became
very important concern.
5.

6. a) Use strong, unique passwords with a mix of characters for each account.
b) Activate Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for added security.
c) Download software from trusted sources and scan files before opening.
d) Prioritize websites with "https://" for secure logins.
7. Continuous data is numeric data that is continuous. E.g., height, weight,
temperature, voltage
Discrete data is numeric data that contains only whole numbers and
cannot be fractional E.g. the number of students in the class – it can only
be a whole number, not in decimals
8. Qualitative Data Interpretation Quantitative Data
1. Categorical Interpretation
2. Provides insights into feelings 1. Numerical
and emotions 2. Provides insights into quantity
3. Answers how and why
3. Answers when, how many or
4. Methods – Interviews, Focus how often
Groups 4. Methods – Assessment, Tests,
5. Example question – Why do Polls, Surveys
students like attending online 5. Example question – How many
classes? students like attending online
classes?
9. Data discovery-It refers to searching of a new database e.g. for making a
CV model for self-driving cars, collection of pictures of roads and objects
on roads etc. is called as Data discovery.
10. Data Augmentation-It means increasing the amount of data by adding
copes of existing data with small changes’. adding parameters like color
and brightness to the existing image.
11. Data Generation-It refers to generating or recording data using sensors.
E.g. recording temperature of a building is an example of Data generation.
12. Independent features are the input to the model which consists of the
information we provide to make predictions.
Dependent features are the outputs or results of the model that we are
trying to predict.

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 e.g. In a google map application, we input current location and destination
location and in turns application shows us the route, distance and time to
be taken on the basis of destination and current location entered.
Here current location, destination location are independent features given
as input to the application
And route to the destination, distance to the destination and time taken will
be dependent features which we want through the application.
13. Data processing: Data processing helps computers understand raw data. It
uses computers to perform different operations on data.
Data Interpretation: It is the process of making sense out of data that has
been processed. The interpretation of data helps us answer critical
questions using data.
14. Good Data is accurate, consistent, well-structured and cleanly presented
and contains information which is relevant to our requirement.
15. Following types of graphs are used for Graphical Data Interpretation
Bar Graph: data is represented using vertical and horizontal bars.
Pie Charts: It has the shape of a pie and each slice of the pie represents
the portion of the entire pie allocated to each category.
Line Graphs: It is created by connecting various data points. It shows the
change in quantity over time.

S.No. Answers of 4 marks questions

1. Artificial Intelligence is crucial, with data serving as its foundation. We
come across different types of information every day. Some common types
of data include:

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 Numeric Data is further classified as:

Continuous data is numeric data that is continuous. E.g., height, weight,

temperature, voltage
Discrete data is numeric data that contains only whole numbers and
cannot be fractional E.g. the number of students in the class – it can only
be a whole number, not in decimal
Types of Data used in three domains of AI:
CV domain collects visual data like images, videos
NLP domain collects Textual data like documents, pdf files etc.
Data Science collects numeric data like data from tables, excel sheets etc.

2. Data Acquisition, also known as acquiring data, refers to the procedure of

gathering data. This involves searching for datasets suitable for training AI
models. The process typically comprises three key steps

Acquiring Data – Sample Data Discovery: E.g. If we want to collect

data for making a CV model for a self-driving car, we will require pictures
of roads and the objects on roads. We can search and download this data
from the internet. This process is called data discovery

Acquiring Data – Sample Data Augmentation: Data augmentation

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 means increasing the amount of data by adding copies of existing data with
small changes. The image given here does not change, but we get data on
the image by changing different parameters like color and brightness. New
data is added by slightly changing the existing data

Acquiring Data – Sample Data Generation: Data generation refers to

generating or recording data using sensors. Recording temperature
readings of a building is an example of data generation. Recorded data is
stored in a computer in a suitable form
Sources of Data
Various Sources for Acquiring Data:
Primary Data Sources — Some of the sources for primary data include
surveys, interviews, experiments, etc. The data generated from the
experiment is an example of primary data.
Secondary Data Sources—Secondary data collection obtains information
from external sources, rather than generating it personally. Some sources
for secondary data collection include: google search, .gov datasets, Kaggle
etc.

3. Data usability depends on following factors:

1. Structure-It defines how data is stored. Data stored in tabular
format is more structured compared to data stored in text document.
2. Cleanliness- Clean data is free from duplicates, missing values,
outliers and other anomalies that may affect its reliability and
usefulness for analysis.
3. Accuracy-It indicates how well the data matches real world values,
ensuring reliability. Accurate data closely reflects actual values
without errors, enhancing the quality and trustworthiness of the
dataset.

Features of Data
Data features are the characteristics or properties of the data. They
describe each piece of information in a dataset. For example, in a table of
student records, features could include things like the student's name, age,
or grade. In a photo dataset, features might be the colors present in each
image. These features help us understand and analyze the data.

In AI models, we need two types of features:

Independent and Dependent.
Independent features are the input to the model—they're the information
we provide to make predictions.

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 Dependent features, on the other hand, are the outputs or results of the
model—they're what we're trying to predict.

Here whatever input given is Independent feature of the data

And whatever output we get is Dependent feature of the data.

4. Types of Data Interpretation:

There are three ways in which data can be presented:

Textual DI
▪ The data is mentioned in the text form, usually in a paragraph.
▪ Used when the data is not large and can be easily comprehended by
reading.
▪ Textual presentation is not suitable for large data.
▪ Example:

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 Tabular DI
▪ Data is represented systematically in the form of rows and columns.
▪ Title of the Table (Item of Expenditure) contains the description of the
table content.
▪ Column Headings (Year; Salary; Fuel and Transport; Bonus; Interest on
Loans; Taxes) contains the description of information contained in
columns

Graphical DI
Bar Graphs- In a Bar Graph, data is represented using vertical and
horizontal bars.

Pie Charts
▪ Pie Charts have the shape of a pie and each slice of the pie represents the
portion of the entire pie allocated to each category
▪ It is a circular chart divided into various sections (think of a cake cut into
slices)
▪ Each section of the pie chart is proportional to the corresponding value

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 Line Graphs
▪ A line graph is
created by
connecting various
data points.
▪ It shows the
change in quantity
over time.

5. Data Visualization using Tableau

Students in a class

Instructions:
● Draw a grid with 4 columns as shown.

● Title the columns as Class, Total students enrolled, No. of students

present, No. of students absent
● For this activity, we're going to collect data about class enrolment

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 ● Add those headings to your table.

Let’s visualize
● Make a bar chart to visualize the number of students present in each
class.
● We will get a graph as shown in the image.
● Looking at the data visualization, we can tell which class has maximum
number of students present.

Let’s see how Tableau makes it faster and easier for us to present data
Instructions
▪ Download Tableau public with the help of an adult using this link -
https://public.tableau.com/en-us/s/download
▪ Install the package via the install wizard.
▪ Once installed, double click the program to open the Tableau Public
Desktop application.

Once opened, this is what we see

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 Now we are ready to pull the data
Make sure that data is filled in the Excel to be used.

▪ To pull in the data, click on Microsoft Excel in the top left corner.

▪ Now drag the sheet with your data to Drag tables here section.

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 First, let's recreate the bar chart we made to visualize the number of
students present in each class
Click Sheet1 in the bottom left corner of the screen

▪ Hover over the term No. of students present. We will notice a blue oval
appear behind it.

Click and drag “No. of students” up and to the right, releasing it next to the
word Rows when a little orange arrow appears.

▪ Now drag “Class” to Columns following the same steps as above. ▪ “

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 Tableau made us a bar graph!

▪ What if you want to make each bar a different colour?

▪ Simply click and drag “No. of students present” out to where it says
Colour.

Tableau coloured our “No. of students present” for us

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 Let’s explore another way of visualization
▪ First, we'll start by duplicating our current bar chart sheet.
This will create an exact copy in a new sheet.
▪ You'll do this by right clicking "Sheet 1" and selecting "Duplicate".

In the upper right corner, click "Show Me”.

▪We will see all of the different types of visualizations that Tableau can
create using “No. of students present and Sheet Count 1.

Select “Packed Bubbles”.

Tableau quickly transformed our bar chart to a chart of bubbles.

Class V has maximum No. of students present because it is the biggest
circle.

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 We can make the text a little more fun and easier to read.
▪ To do that, click the label square.

This opens up a box that allows us to change the font and text size.
▪ Let's change the font size to 12 and the font to "Arial Black”

▪ We have our complete bubble chart now!

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 Useful Videos to watch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLCzpPRCc7U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_M8BnosAD78

Note: You may also use Ms Excel or Data wrapper

(https://www.datawrapper.de/) for the data visualization instead of
Tableau.

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 UNIT-3: Math for AI (Statistics & Probability)

How are Math and AI related?

Math is the study of patterns
▪ To solve the puzzles, you identify an order/arrangement in the list of numbers or
the images.
▪ This arrangement is called a pattern.
▪ These patterns exist all around us.
▪ We have patterns in numbers, images, and language.

Ask learners if they can identify any patterns around themselves.

AI is a way to recognize patterns

● AI can learn to recognize patterns, like human beings.
● AI can see patterns in different types of data - numbers, images, and speech
and text.
Say “Just like we can recognize patterns in numbers, words, pictures,
etc., AI can also recognize similar patterns.”

Hence,
▪ Math is the study of patterns
▪ AI is a way to recognize patterns in order to take decisions
▪ AI needs Math to study and recognize patterns in order to take decisions
Can you identify any pattern in the image given below?

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 Understanding math will help us to better understand AI and its way of
working, but what kind of math is needed for AI?
Let us take a look!
Essential Mathematics for AI

Let’s think and answer the following questions:

▪ 11, 22, 33, 44, 55 – Can you find out the middle value from the given
numbers?

▪ A has 2 plants, B has 3 plants, C has 1 plant, D has 7 plants. How many
plants are there in total?

AI uses Math for:

▪ Statistics (Exploring data): Example – What is the middle value

of the data? Which is the most common value in the data?
▪ Calculus (training and improving AI model): Example – which
line is more slanted? Which figure covers more area?
▪ Linear Algebra (finding out unknown or missing values):
Example – How many plants are there in total? How many cars are
there in a city?
▪ Probability (predicting different events): Example – what will
be the possible results of a coin toss? Will it rain tomorrow?
Statistics

Ask learners to answer some or all of these questions as an assignment. Meanwhile,

take dummy numbers and walk the learners through the questions.
Can you find out the total weight of your family members?
Can you find out the total number of students in your school?
Can you find out the maximum temperature in your city during the last month?

Definition of Statistics:” Statistics is used for collecting, exploring, and analyzing

the data. It also helps
in drawing conclusions from data.”
▪ Data is collected from various sources.
▪ Data is explored and cleaned to be used.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 110

 ▪ Analysis of data is done to understand it better.
▪ Conclusions and decisions can be made from the data.

Applications of Statistics:

▪
Predict the performance of sports teams
▪ It can be used to find out specific things such as:
o the reading level of students
o the opinions of voters
o the average weight of a city’s resident
o Probability
Purpose: To understand the possibility of occurrence of an event.

Introduction to probability

Probability is a way to tell us how likely something is to happen. For example –

When a coin is tossed, there are two possible results or outcomes:
heads (H) or tails (T) The probability equation defines the likelihood of the happening
of an event. It is the ratio of favorable outcomes to the total favorable outcomes. The
probability formula can be expressed as,

Probability of an Event =
Number of Favorable Outcomes / Total Number of Possible Outcomes
We say that the probability of the coin landing H is ½ and the probability
of the coin landing T is ½ When we talk about probability, we use a few
terms that help us understand the chances for something to happen.
Probability can be expressed in the following ways:
▪ Certain events: An event will happen without a doubt
▪ Likely events: The probability of one event is higher than the probability of
another event
▪ Unlikely events: One event is less likely to happen than another event
▪ Impossible events: There's no chance of an event happening
▪ Equal Probability events: Chances of each event happening is same
The probability of an event occurring is somewhere between impossible and
certain.
• If an event is certain or sure to happen, it will have a probability of 1.

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 For example, the probability that it will rain in the state of Florida at least once in a
specific year is 1.
• If an event will never happen or is impossible, it will have a probability of 0.

For example, the probability that you can pick a red ball from a bag containing only
blue balls is 0.

1-mark questions
1) What is the probability of an impossible event?
a) 1
b) 0
c) Insufficient data
d) Not defined
Ans: b) 0
2) What does probability mean?
a) The total number of possible outcomes in an event
b) The ratio of favourable outcomes to all outcomes
c) The chance of an event happening
d) How certain an event will occur
Ans. b)
3) What is the probability of getting an even number when a dice is thrown?
a) 1/6
b) ½
c) 1/3
d) ¼
Ans: b) ½
4) If we throw two dice simultaneously, what would be the probability that we get a
10 or 11?
a) 5/36
b) 5/12
c) 1/7
d) 1/3
Ans: a. 5/36
5) If P (E) = 0.30, then the probability of event E not occurring will be
a) 0.30
b) 0.70

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 c) 0.50
d) 0.60
Ans: 6.
6) A batsman hits boundary for 5 times out of 40 balls. Find out the probability that
he did not hit the boundaries.
a) 1/5
b) 7/8
c) 2/5
d) 1/8
Ans: b. 7/8
7) Find the median of data: 155,160,145,149,150,147,152,144,148:
a) 149
b) 150
c) 147
d) 144
Ans: a. 149
8) 8. Which two are examples of descriptive statistics?
a) median and correlation
b) mean and standard deviation
c) mode and regression analysis
d) variance and hypothesis testing
Ans: b.
9) Solve for x in the equation 3x+5=20
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Ans: c. 5
10) What is the probability of getting a king or ace from the deck of 52 cards?
a) 1/26
b) 2/13
c) 3/26
d) 1/52
Ans: b. 2/13
11) Find the mode of the call received on 7 consecutive day 11,13,13,17,19,23,25
a) 11

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 b) 13
c) 17
d) 23
Ans: b. 13
12) The most frequently occurring value in a data set is called the:
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Range
Ans: c. Mode
13) Simplify the expression 4(x−2).
a) 4x - 2
b) 4x - 8
c) x - 8
d) 4x + 8
Ans: B.
14) A coin is tossed once. What is the probability of getting heads?
a) 0.0
b) 0.25
c) 0.5
d) 1.0
Ans: c. 0.5
15) In a class of 30 students, 18 are girls. What is the probability of selecting a girl?
a) 0.50
b) 0.60
c) 0.40
d) 0.33
Ans: B. 0.6
16) What is the probability of rolling an even number on a six-sided die?
a) 0.16
b) 0.33
c) 0.50
d) 0.66
Ans: c. 0.5
17) What is the mean of the data set {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}?
a) 10

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 b) 11
c) 10.5
d) 11.5
Ans: C. 10.5
18) A bag contains 7 black, 2 white, and 6 green balls. What is the probability of
drawing a green ball?
a) 0.20
b) 0.30
c) 0.40
d) 0.50
Ans: C. 0.40
19) In a class of 25 students, 10 students wear glasses. What is the probability that a
randomly selected student wears glass?
a) 0.20
b) 0.30
c) 0.40
d) 0.50
Ans: C. 0.40
20) What is the range of the data set {16, 20, 24, 28, 32}?
a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 16
Ans: D. 16

2-mark question

1. A bag contains 5 red balls, 3 blue balls, and 2 green balls. A ball is drawn at
random. Calculate the probability of drawing a blue ball.
2. Two dice are rolled. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers on the dice is
7.
3. A box contains 4 red marbles, 5 blue marbles, and 3 green marbles. Two marbles
are drawn at random without replacement. Calculate the probability that both
marbles are blue.

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4. In a game, a spinner with 6 equal sections (numbered 1 to 6) is spun twice. Find the
probability that the sum of the numbers spun is less than 7.
5. A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card
drawn is a face card (jack, queen, or king).

7. The heights (in cm) of students in a class are recorded as follows: 160, 165, 170,
155, 175. Calculate the mean height.
8. The following data represents the number of siblings of students in a class: 0, 1, 2,
3, 4. Find the median number of siblings.
9. The scores of 10 students in a test are: 85, 78, 92, 70, 88, 75, 82, 90, 79, 84.
Calculate the mode of the scores.
10.The weights (in kg) of 8 students are: 55, 60, 65, 70, 55, 75, 60, 65. Find the range
of the weights.
11.The ages (in years) of 12 students are: 14, 15, 16, 14, 17, 15, 16, 15, 14, 17, 16, 15.
Calculate the standard deviation of the ages.
12.A survey of students' favourite sports yielded the following results: football 25%,
basketball 30%, soccer 20%, and tennis 25%. Calculate the probability that a
randomly selected student prefers basketball or tennis.
13.The number of cars passing through a toll booth in 10 minutes is recorded as
follows: 28, 32, 25, 30, 35, 27, 29, 31, 33, 26. Calculate the mean number of cars
passing through the toll booth per minute.
14.The time (in minutes) taken by 15 students to complete a test are: 40, 45, 50, 35,
55, 40, 42, 48, 38, 52, 46, 44, 50, 47, 41. Find the median time taken to complete
the test.
15.The scores (out of 50) of 20 students in a quiz are: 42, 35, 48, 40, 36, 45, 50, 38, 44,
47, 39, 42, 43, 41, 37, 49, 46, 34, 43, 40. Calculate the interquartile range (IQR) of
the scores.
16.The number of hours students spend on homework per week is recorded as follows:
5, 8, 6, 7, 9, 4, 10, 7, 6, 5. Calculate the variance of the number of hours spent on
homework per week.

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 4 marks question

1. A bag contains 3 red balls, 4 blue balls, and 5 green balls. If a ball is drawn at
random from the bag, what is the probability that it is not blue?
2. The heights (in cm) of students in a class are recorded as follows: 160, 165, 170,
155, 175. Calculate the median height.
3. A fair six-sided die is rolled. What is the probability of rolling a number less than
4?
4. The following data represents the ages (in years) of students in a class: 14, 15, 16,
14, 17, 15, 16, 15, 14, 17, 16, 15. Calculate the mode of the ages.
5. Two cards are drawn at random without replacement from a deck of 52 cards. What
is the probability that the first card drawn is a heart and the second card drawn is a
diamond?

Answers/ Solutions
2- mark question

1. A bag contains 5 red balls, 3 blue balls, and 2 green balls. A ball is drawn at
random. Calculate the probability of drawing a blue ball.
A: 3/10
2. Two dice are rolled. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers on the dice is
7.
A: 1/6
3. A box contains 4 red marbles, 5 blue marbles, and 3 green marbles. Two marbles are
drawn at random without replacement. Calculate the probability that both marbles
are blue.
A: 5/33
4. In a game, a spinner with 6 equal sections (numbered 1 to 6) is spun twice. Find the
probability that the sum of the numbers spun is less than 7.
A: 5/12
5. A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card
drawn is a face card (jack, queen, or king).
A: 12/52
6. The heights (in cm) of students in a class are recorded as follows: 160, 165, 170,
155, 175. Calculate the mean height.
A: 165
7. The following data represents the number of siblings of students in a class: 0, 1, 2, 3,
4. Find the median number of siblings.
A: 2

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8. The scores of 10 students in a test are: 85, 78, 92, 70, 88, 75, 82, 90, 79, 84.
Calculate the mode of the scores.
A: Since all numbers appear with the same frequency (once), there is no mode for
this data set.
9. The weights (in kg) of 8 students are: 55, 60, 65, 70, 55, 75, 60, 65. Find the range
of the weights.
A: 20 Kgs
10.The ages (in years) of 12 students are: 14, 15, 16, 14, 17, 15, 16, 15, 14, 17, 16, 15.
Calculate the standard deviation of the ages.
A: approximately 1.22471.22471.2247
11.A survey of students' favourite sports yielded the following results: football 25%,
basketball 30%, soccer 20%, and tennis 25%. Calculate the probability that a
randomly selected student prefers basketball or tennis.
A: 55/100
12.The number of cars passing through a toll booth in 10 minutes is recorded as
follows: 28, 32, 25, 30, 35, 27, 29, 31, 33, 26. Calculate the mean number of cars
passing through the toll booth per minute.
A: 29.6
13.The time (in minutes) taken by 15 students to complete a test are: 40, 45, 50, 35,
55, 40, 42, 48, 38, 52, 46, 44, 50, 47, 41. Find the median time taken to complete
the test.
A: 45
14.The scores (out of 50) of 20 students in a quiz are: 42, 35, 48, 40, 36, 45, 50, 38, 44,
47, 39, 42, 43, 41, 37, 49, 46, 34, 43, 40. Calculate the interquartile range (IQR) of
the scores.
A: IQR=Q3−Q1=45.5−38.5=7
15.The number of hours students spend on homework per week is recorded as follows:
5, 8, 6, 7, 9, 4, 10, 7, 6, 5. Calculate the variance of the number of hours spent on
homework per week.
A: Variance = 4.83

4 marks question

1. A bag contains 3 red balls, 4 blue balls, and 5 green balls. If a ball is drawn at
random from the bag, what is the probability that it is not blue?
A: the probability that a ball drawn is not blue is 2/3
2. The heights (in cm) of students in a class are recorded as follows: 160, 165, 170,
155, 175. Calculate the median height.
A: 165
3. A fair six-sided die is rolled. What is the probability of rolling a number less than
4?

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 A: the probability of rolling a number less than 4 is 1/2
4. The following data represents the ages (in years) of students in a class: 14, 15, 16,
14, 17, 15, 16, 15, 14, 17, 16, 15. Calculate the mode of the ages.
A: Since 15 appears most frequently, the mode of the data set is 15.
5. Two cards are drawn at random without replacement from a deck of 52 cards. What
is the probability that the first card drawn is a heart and the second card drawn is a
diamond?
A: the probability that the first card drawn is a heart and the second card drawn is a
diamond is13/204.

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 UNIT-4: Generative Artificial Intelligence

Introduction to Generative AI

What is Generative AI?

• Generative artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the algorithms that generate new
data that resembles human-generated content, such as audio, code, images, text,
simulations, and videos.
• This technology is trained with existing data and content, creating the potential for
applications such as natural language processing, computer vision, the metaverse,
and speech synthesis.

Generative AI vs Conventional AI
In contrast to other forms of AI, Generative AI is specially made to produce new and
unique content rather than merely processing or categorizing already-existing data.
Here are some significant variations:

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Types of Generative AI

Generative AI comes in a variety of forms, each with unique advantages and uses.
Some of the most typical varieties are listed below:
1. Text Generation:
Language Models: These generate coherent text based on prompts. Examples
include OpenAI's GPT-3 and GPT-4, Google's BERT, and T5.
Chatbots: AI designed to simulate conversation with users. Examples include
OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google's Meena.
2. Image Generation:
GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks): These generate realistic images from
random noise. Examples include StyleGAN and BigGAN.
VAEs (Variational Autoencoders): These generate images by learning the
distribution of input data.
Diffusion Models: These iteratively refine noise to generate images, such as DALL-
E 2 and Stable Diffusion.
3. Audio Generation:
Music Generation: AI that composes music. Examples include OpenAI's MuseNet
and Jukedeck.
Speech Synthesis: Converts text to natural-sounding speech. Examples include
Google WaveNet and Amazon Polly.
4. Video Generation: DeepFakes: AI-generated videos that can superimpose faces.
Examples include DeepFaceLab and FaceApp.
Generative Video Models: AI that creates new video content. Examples include VQ-
VAE and MoCoGAN.
5. 3D Object Generation:
3D GANs: Generate three-dimensional objects. Examples include 3D-GAN and
PointNet.
6. Code Generation:
AI Code Assistants: These generate or autocomplete code. Examples include GitHub
Copilot and OpenAI Codex.

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Benefits of using Generative AI

Limitations of Using Generative AI

• Ethical Concerns: The creation and spread of fake content, such as deep fake
videos, fake news articles, and forged documents, by generative AI can deceive and
manipulate people, leading to misinformation, identity theft, and privacy breaches.
Robust regulations and ethical guidelines are needed to address these issues.
• Bias and Fairness: Generative AI models can inherit biases from their training data,
resulting in discriminatory outcomes and perpetuating biases against certain groups.
Developers need to actively work on mitigating bias to ensure fairness and equity in
AI systems.

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• Data Dependency: These models require vast amounts of data to generate content
effectively. They struggle in situations with scarce or unrepresentative data, limiting
their usefulness in niche domains.
• Energy Consumption: Training large generative AI models demands significant
energy and computing resources, raising concerns about the environmental impact and
sustainability of AI, particularly in data centers. Researchers are striving to develop
more energy-efficient AI models, but this remains a significant limitation.
• Cost of Development: The development and training of generative AI models can
be extremely expensive, requiring access to high-quality data, powerful hardware, and
expertise in machine learning. This creates a digital divide, limiting the
democratization of AI technology.
Ethical considerations of using Generative AI

The Potential Negative Impact on Society

• Generative AI can be used to create fake news or deep fakes that can spread
misinformation and manipulate public opinion.
• Lead to job displacement for humans who previously performed these tasks.

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• Generative AI has the potential to generate sensitive personal information, such as
social security numbers or medical records, which could be used for malicious
purposes.
Responsible Use of Generative AI
• Ensuring that the training data used are diverse and representative.
• The outputs are scrutinized for bias and misinformation.
• Prioritizing user privacy and consent,
• Having clear guidelines around ownership and attribution of generative content.
• Engaging in public discussions around the social and ethical implications of this
technology to ensure that it is developed and used in ways that are beneficial to
society.

1 Mark questions
1 What is Generative AI? 1
a) An AI that analyzes data
b)An AI that generates new data
c)An AI that only classifies data
d)An AI that only processes existing data
2 Which of the following is an example of a generative model? 1
a)Decision Trees
b)Support Vector Machines
c)Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
d)Random Forest
3 What is the primary purpose of Generative Adversarial Networks 1
(GANs)?
a)To minimize the error in classification tasks
b)To predict the next word in a sequence
c)To generate new, synthetic instances of data that resemble a training set
d)To perform clustering of data points
4 Which of the following applications can be powered by generative AI? 1
a)Image synthesis
b)Music composition
c)Text generation
d)All of the above
5 What is Conventional AI primarily used for? 1
a)Generating new and unique data
b)Analyzing and making decisions based on existing data
c)Creating art and music
d)Developing video games
6 Which of the following is a characteristic of Generative AI? 1

KVS ZIET MYSORE 124

 a)It can only classify data
b)It generates new data similar to the data it was trained on
c)It cannot learn from data
d)It is used for numerical calculations only
7 Which AI technology would you use to create a new image based on 1
existing images?
a)Conventional AI
b)Generative AI
c)Spreadsheet software
d)Database management systems
8 Which of the following is an example of Conventional AI? 1
a)Image generation
b)Natural language processing for chatbots
c)Creating realistic videos
d)Developing new music compositions
9 Which type of AI would be most suitable for creating a new song in the 1
style of a famous musician?
a)Conventional AI
b)Generative AI
c)Statistical analysis software
d)Search engine algorithms
10 What is the main goal of Conventional AI systems? 1
a)To generate realistic images
b)To solve specific problems using existing data
c)To create new languages
d)To invent new scientific theories
11 What is a key difference between Generative AI and Conventional AI? 1
a)Generative AI cannot learn from data, while Conventional AI can
b)Generative AI creates new data, while Conventional AI analyzes
existing data
c) Conventional AI generates new data, while Generative AI only
analyzes data
d)There is no difference; they are the same
12 Which of the following is a task that Conventional AI can perform? 1
a)Creating new pieces of art
b)Diagnosing diseases from medical images
c)Writing novels
d)Generating new human faces
13 What does Generative AI typically use to create new data? 1
a)Random number generation
b)Mathematical calculations

KVS ZIET MYSORE 125

 c)Patterns learned from training data
d)Predefined templates
14 Which application is known for using generative AI to produce text 1
similar to human writing?
a)Google Translate
b)OpenAI's GPT-3
c)Netflix recommendation system
d)Microsoft Excel
15 Which generative AI model can be used to generate new video game 1
levels?
a)GANs
b)RNNs
c)CNNs
d)KNNs
16 Which of the following is an example of generative AI in natural 1
language processing?
a)IBM Watson
b)OpenAI's ChatGPT
c)Amazon Alexa
d)Google Maps
17 What is a primary advantage of using generative AI in art and design? 1
a)It can replace human artists entirely
b)It allows for quick creation of unique artworks
c)It restricts creativity
d)It only works with traditional media
18 What is a significant challenge faced by generative AI in creating 1
realistic images and videos?
a)It requires extensive computational power
b)It cannot generate images at all
c)It only works with text data
d)It restricts creativity
19 Which of the following is a concern regarding the ethical use of 1
generative AI?
a)It promotes fair decision-making processes
b)It ensures data privacy and security
c)It raises issues of copyright infringement and misuse
d)It decreases reliance on human labour

20 Which ethical issue is associated with bias and fairness in generative AI 1

algorithms?
a)It ensures equal access to resources for everyone

KVS ZIET MYSORE 126

 b)It perpetuates societal biases present in training data
c)It limits the scope of AI applications
d)It improves decision-making processes
2 Marks questions
1 Compare and contrast Generative AI and Conventional AI, providing 2
examples of each.
2 What are the ethical considerations surrounding the use of generative 2
AI.
3 Describe one limitation of generative AI in the context of creating 2
realistic images or videos
4 How does generative AI contribute to personalized content 2
recommendation systems in entertainment platforms?
5 What do you understand about generative AI? 2
6 Give a few examples of generative AI. 2
7 What do you know about Deep Fake? 2
8 Explain the role of the 'Discriminator' in a Generative Adversarial 2
Network (GAN) and its importance in generating realistic data.
9 What is GAN? 2
10 What are the benefits of Generative AI? 2
11 What are the limitations of using Generative AI? 2
12 What are the negative Impacts of generative AI on Society 2
13 Write any two AI tools each for the following- 2
▪ Generative AI image generation tools
▪ Generative AI text generation tools
14 Name two popular generative AI frameworks or libraries used in 2
machine learning.
15 What is the purpose of generator in a Generative Adversarial Network? 2
4 Marks questions
1 Considering the ethical challenges associated with generative AI, what 4
are your thoughts on establishing guidelines or regulations to ensure
responsible use of these technologies? How can we balance the
potential benefits and risks?
2 How do you think generative AI can revolutionize the creative industry, 4
such as art and fashion, by enabling the generation of unique and
innovative designs?
3 What is the difference between supervised learning and generative AI? 4
Provide examples of each
4 Explain the benefits and limitations of using generative AI. 4
5 Discuss the potential impact of generative AI on the job market and 4
workforce dynamics, considering both positive and negative aspects.

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 ANSWERS
1 mark
1 b) An AI that generates new data
2 c) Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
3 c) To generate new, synthetic instances of data that resemble a training set
4 d) All of the above
5 b) Analyzing and making decisions based on existing data
6 b) It generates new data similar to the data it was trained on
7 b) Generative AI
8 b) Natural language processing for chatbots
9 b) Generative AI
10 b) To solve specific problems using existing data
11 b) Generative AI creates new data, while Conventional AI analyzes existing data
12 b) Diagnosing diseases from medical images
13 c) Patterns learned from training data
14 b) Open AI's GPT-3
15 a) GANs
16 b) Open AI's Chat GPT
17 b) It allows for quick creation of unique artworks
18 a) It requires extensive computational power
19 c) It raises issues of copyright infringement and misuse
20 b) It perpetuates societal biases present in training data
2 mark question answers
1 Generative AI creates new data similar to existing data, while discriminative AI
classifies or predicts outcomes based on data. For example, GANs (Generative
Adversarial Networks) generate realistic images, whereas discriminative models
like CNNs (Convolutional Neural Networks) identify objects in images.
2 1.Ownership
2.Human agency
3.Bias
4.Misinformation
5.Privacy
3 One limitation of generative AI in creating realistic images or videos is the
challenge of ensuring consistency and coherence over time and complex
scenarios. While generative models can produce highly detailed and realistic
single frames, maintaining the same level of realism and continuity in a
sequence of frames (as in a video) or across various elements within a complex
scene can be difficult. This can lead to artifacts, inconsistencies, or unnatural
transitions, especially in dynamic environments or when depicting intricate
interactions between objects and characters.
4 Generative AI enhances personalized content recommendation systems in
KVS ZIET MYSORE 128
 entertainment platforms by:
1. Creating Personalized Content: Generates tailored playlists, summaries, or
articles based on user preferences.
2. Analyzing User Behavior: Processes viewing history and interactions to
predict user interests.
3. Enhancing Metadata: Produces detailed descriptors (genre, mood, etc.) to
refine recommendations.
4. Dynamic Personalization: Adapts recommendations in real-time based on
recent user activities.
5. Content Summarization: Creates summaries or highlight reels for users with
limited time.
5 Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence that creates new content by
learning from existing data. It can produce text, images, music, and videos.
Generative AI works by using an ML model to learn the patterns and
relationships in a dataset of human-created content. It then uses the learned
patterns to generate new content.
6 OpenAI (Code generation), Art creation, content generation(chatGPT), AIVA
(music creation), Alpha3D (3D Modelling)
7 Deep fakes are a synthetic media created by machine-learning algorithms named
for the deep-learning methods used in the creation process and the fake events
they depict.
8 The discriminator in a GAN is simply a classifier. It tries to distinguish real data
from the data created by the generator. It could use any network architecture
appropriate to the type of data it's classifying
9 A generative adversarial network (GAN) is a deep learning architecture. It trains
two neural networks to compete against each other to generate more authentic
new data from a given training dataset. For instance, you can generate new
images from an existing image database or original music from a database of
songs.
10 Automates and Innovates Content Generation:
Enhances Customer Experience through Personalization:
Optimizes Product Designs:
Advances Healthcare Research:
Improved Customer Service:
Fosters Market Innovation:
11 1. Quality Control: The generated content may contain errors or unrealistic
elements, requiring human review.
2. Data Dependence: The quality of the output depends heavily on the quality
and diversity of the training data, which can lead to biased or low-quality results
if the data is flawed.
12 1.Misinformation and deep fakes

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 2.privacy concerns
3.Job displacement
4.Bias and discrimination
13 ▪ Generative AI image generation tools- DALL-E,GAN
▪ Generative AI text generation tools- GPT-4,BERT
14 Popular AI frameworks such as TensorFlow and Py Torch are used for
developing machine learning models. These frameworks provide a
comprehensive set of tools that enable developers to easily create and deploy
ML models.
15 The generator's primary role is to generate data. Initially, this data is likely to be
random noise because the generator starts without much knowledge about the
true data distribution. Over time, as the GAN is trained, the generator learns to
produce data that approximates the real data distribution.
4 Mark question answers
1 Establishing guidelines or regulations for the responsible use of generative AI is
crucial to navigate its ethical challenges effectively.

1. Ethical Principles and Frameworks: Develop ethical principles that

guide the development and deployment of generative AI. These could
include principles such as fairness, accountability, transparency, and
privacy. Frameworks like the IEEE's Ethically Aligned Design can serve
as a starting point.
2. Regulatory Oversight: Introduce regulations that ensure compliance
with ethical standards. This might involve regulatory bodies setting
guidelines for specific sectors where generative AI is used, such as
healthcare, finance, and criminal justice.
3. Risk Assessment and Mitigation: Conduct thorough risk assessments to
identify potential harms associated with generative AI systems.
Mitigation strategies can then be implemented to minimize these risks,
such as robust testing, validation procedures, and continuous monitoring.
4. Public and Stakeholder Engagement: Involve the public and relevant
stakeholders in discussions about the use of generative AI. This can help
ensure that diverse perspectives are considered and that the benefits and
risks are weighed appropriately.
5. Education and Awareness: Promote understanding of generative AI
technologies among policymakers, developers, and the general public.
This can help mitigate fears and misconceptions while fostering informed
decision-making.
6. International Collaboration: Foster international collaboration on
guidelines and standards for generative AI. Given the global nature of AI
development and deployment, international cooperation can help create

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 consistent ethical standards and regulations.
7. Adaptive Approach: Recognize that AI technologies evolve rapidly,
requiring guidelines and regulations to be adaptive and flexible.
Continuous review and updates based on technological advancements and
societal impacts are essential.

Balancing the potential benefits and risks of generative AI involves a nuanced

approach that acknowledges its transformative potential while mitigating
potential harms. By implementing thoughtful guidelines and regulations, we can
harness the benefits of generative AI while safeguarding against its misuse.

2 Generative AI has the potential to revolutionize the creative industries like art
and fashion by significantly speeding up design iterations and production
processes. This acceleration allows designers to explore a broader range of ideas
quickly, reducing time-to-market and enabling more efficient innovation and
creativity. By automating repetitive tasks and offering rapid prototyping
capabilities, AI frees up designers to focus on more complex and visionary
aspects of their work, pushing the boundaries of artistic expression and fashion
design. This transformative technology also democratizes access to creative
tools, empowering a broader range of artists and designers to participate in and
contribute to these industries, fostering a more diverse and dynamic creative
landscape.
3 1. Supervised Learning: In supervised learning, the algorithm learns from a
labelled dataset where each input example is associated with a
corresponding target or output. The goal is to learn a mapping function
from input to output based on the provided examples. Examples include
classification tasks (where the output is categorical) and regression tasks
(where the output is continuous).
2. Generative Learning: Generative learning focuses on learning the
underlying distribution of the data to generate new samples that resemble
the original data distribution. Generative models do not require explicit
labelling of the data; instead, they aim to capture the joint probability
distribution p(x,y)p(x, y)p(x,y) where xxx is the input and yyy is the
output (if any). Generative models are often used for tasks such as image
generation, text generation, and anomaly detection.
Supervised learning is concerned with learning a mapping from inputs to outputs
based on labeled data, while generative learning involves learning the
underlying data distribution to generate new data samples. These approaches
have different objectives and are applied in different contexts within machine
learning.

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4 Benefits
1. Creativity and Content Generation:
• Text: Generates human-like text for writing assistance, content
creation, storytelling, and more.
• Images: Produces original artwork and designs.
• Music: Composes original pieces of music.
2. Automation and Efficiency:
• Customer Service: Chatbots and virtual assistants can handle
common queries, freeing human agents for complex tasks.
• Data Analysis: Automates data summarization, report generation,
and even some aspects of data interpretation.
3. Personalization:
• Marketing: Creates personalized marketing messages and
campaigns.
• Education: Tailors educational content to individual learning styles
and needs.
4. Prototyping and Ideation:
• Product Design: Assists in brainstorming and developing new
product ideas.
• Creative Industries: Provides inspiration and preliminary drafts
for writers, artists, and other creatives.
5. Accessibility:
• Language Translation: Improves real-time translation and
language learning tools.
• Accessibility Tools: Enhances tools for people with disabilities,
such as speech-to-text and text-to-speech applications.

Limitations
1. Quality and Accuracy:
• Factual Errors: May produce incorrect or misleading information.
• Coherence: Generated content can sometimes lack coherence or
logical consistency.
2. Bias and Ethics:
• Bias: Models can inherit and propagate biases present in the
training data.
• Ethical Concerns: Issues related to deep fakes, misinformation,
and the potential for misuse.
3. Resource Intensive:
• Computational Power: Requires significant computational
resources for training and deployment.
• Environmental Impact: High energy consumption associated with

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 large-scale models.
4. Lack of Understanding:
• Context: AI may not fully understand context, nuance, or cultural
references.
• Empathy: Cannot genuinely understand or empathize with human
emotions and experiences.
5. Dependence and Job Displacement:
• Dependence: Over-reliance on AI can lead to skill degradation in
humans.
• Job Displacement: Potential to replace certain jobs, leading to
economic and social challenges.
6. Security and Privacy:
• Data Security: Risk of sensitive data exposure through interactions
with AI systems.
• Privacy Concerns: Potential misuse of generated content for
malicious purposes.

5 Generative AI impacts the job market and workforce dynamics with both
positive and negative aspects:
Positive Impacts

1. Automation: Frees workers from routine tasks, boosting efficiency and

productivity.
2. New Jobs: Creates roles in AI development, maintenance, and ethical
oversight.
3. Innovation: Enhances creativity and problem-solving in various
industries.
4. Personalization: Improves customer service and educational experiences.
5. Skill Enhancement: Supports professional development through
personalized training.
Negative Impacts
1. Job Displacement: Automates jobs, especially low-skill roles, leading to
potential unemployment.
2. Skill Gaps: Requires significant reskilling and upskilling efforts.
3. Economic Inequality: Risks widening the gap between high- and low-
skill jobs.
4. Reliability Issues: Necessitates human oversight to ensure AI output
quality.
5. Ethical Concerns: Potential for bias and privacy issues in workplace
surveillance.

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 UNIT-5: INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

• Python is an open-source, high level, interpreter-based language that can be

used for a multitude of scientific and non-scientific computing purposes.
• Comments are non-executable statements in a program.
• An identifier is a user defined name given to a variable or a constant in a
program.
• Process of identifying and removing errors from a computer program is called
debugging.
• Trying to use a variable that has not been assigned a value gives an error.
• There are several data types in Python — integer, Boolean, float, complex,
string, list, tuple, sets, None and dictionary.
• Operators are constructs that manipulate the value of operands. Operators
may be unary or binary.
• An expression is a combination of values, variables, and operators.
• Python has input () function for taking user input.
• Python has print () function to output data to a standard output device.
• The if statement is used for decision making.
• Looping allows sections of code to be executed repeatedly under some
condition.
• for statement can be used to iterate over a range of values or a sequence.
• The statements within the body of for loop are executed till the range of values
is exhausted.
• List is a mutable datatype in python. Elements are stored in a list using square
brackets [ ] . Elements of a list are accessed using its index.

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 1 mark Questions
1 Who developed Python Programming Language?
a) Wick Van Rossum
b) Rasmus Lerdorf
c) Guido Van Rossum
d) Niene Stom
2 In Python, which of the following characters is used to create single line
comment
a) //
b) #
c) !
d) /*
3 An identifier cannot start with a ________
a) Number
b) Character
c) Underscore
d) None of the above
4 ______________ has a specific meaning in python program
a) Constant
b) Variable
c) Keyword
d) Identifier
5 Write the output of the following python statement
print(10//3)
a) 3
b) 3.33
c) 1
d) 0
6 Which of the following is the valid Python file extension?
a) . python
b) . pl
c) . py
d) . p
7 Numbers with fractions or decimal points are called ________ datatype.

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 a) Integer
b) String
c) Float
d) None of the above
8 _______is an ordered sequence of letters/characters. They are enclosed in
single quotes (‘ ’ ) or double (“ ”).
a) String
b) Integer
c) Float
d) None of the above
9 ___________ are a sequence of values of any type, and are indexed by integers.
They are immutable and enclosed in ().
a) String
b) Lists
c) Tuples
d) All of the above
10 _________ function is used to display given output in python.
a) printf()
b) print()
c) scan()
d) None of the above
11 _________ function is used to take input from the user in python.
a) input()
b) insert()
c) store()
d) None of the above
12 The data type of 14.5 is __________
a) int
b) float
c) string
d) list
13 ___________ operator gives the remainder in Python.
a) %
b) /
c) //
d) *

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 14 __________ operator is used to find the square of a number
a) ^
b) *
c) **
d) //
15 What does the following code print?
if 4 + 5 == 10:
print("TRUE")
else:
print("FALSE")
a) TRUE
b) FALSE
c) None of them
d) TRUE FALSE
16 What will be the datatype of following variable?
A= “100”
a) int
b) float
c) string
d) list
17 Smallest element of python coding is called ______
a) Identifiers
b) Tokens
c) Keywords
d) Delimeters
18 Find the invalid variable among the following:
a) 1st_place
b) my_place
c) _first
d) Fun
19 T=[10,20,30,40] is a type of which datatype in python
a) int
b) string
c) list
d) tuple
20 The _________ mode of python gives instant result of typed statement

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 a) Interactive mode
b) Script mode
c) Combination of interactive and script mode
d) All of these
2 mark Questions
1 What is the Difference between Interactive mode and script mode?
2 What are the basic datatypes in Python?
3 What is a variable?
4 What are the arithmetic operators in Python?
5 What are lists in python?
6 What will be out of the following?
for I in range(1,10,2):
print(I)
7 What does the following code print?
if 4 + 5 == 10:
print("TRUE")
else:
print("FALSE")
8 L=[10, “New”, 34.5,30,40]
print( L[1])
L[2]=50
print(L)
9 What will be the output of the following
print (“hello \n” )
print(“Class 9\n Artificial Intelligence”)
10 State True or False
a) Python is case sensitive programming language
b) A variable’s value once assigned cannot be changed
11 Identify the datatype in the following
a) 15.3
b) “123”
c) “CBSE”
d) K=[1,2,3,4]
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 12 Write the output of the following
A,B=10,20
A,B=B,A
print(A.B)
13 To print the following patterns using multiple print commands
*
**
***
****
*****
14 Write program to generate the following output
5 10 15, 20…..100
15 Rewrite the following by correcting the errors
Sname=int(input(“Enter Name”))
M=int(input(“Enter Mark”)
if M>33
print(“Pass”)
otherwise:
print(“Fail”)
4 Mark Questions
1 Define the following terms
a) Identifiers : A token is the smallest individual unit in a python program.
All statements and instructions in a program are built with tokens
b) Keywords
c) Expression
d) Tokens
2 Write a program to enter Marks in 5 subjects, Calculate and display total and
average marks
3 Create a list in Python of children selected for Sports with following names
Arjun, Sonakshi, Vikram, Sandhya, Sonal, Isha, Kartik
Perform the following tasks on the list in sequence-
• Print the whole list
• Display the name “Vikram” from the list
• Add the name “Jay” at the end
• Remove the item which is at the second position
4 Write a program to calculate Area and Perimeter of a rectangle
KVS ZIET MYSORE 139
5 Write a program to print sum of first 10 natural numbers

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

1 mark Questions
1 Who developed Python Programming Language?
e) Wick Van Rossum
f) Rasmus Lerdorf
g) Guido Van Rossum
h) Niene Stom
2 In Python, which of the following characters is used to create single line comment
e) //
f) #
g) !
h) /*
3 An identifier cannot start with a ________
e) Number
f) Character
g) Underscore
h) None of the above
4 ______________ has a specific meaning in python program
e) Constant
f) Variable
g) Keyword
h) Identifier
5 Write the output of the following python statement
print(10//3)
e) 3
f) 3.33
g) 1
h) 0
6 Which of the following is the valid Python file extension?
e) . python
f) . pl
g) . py

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 h) . p
7 Numbers with fractions or decimal points are called ________ datatype.
e) Integer
f) String
g) Float
h) None of the above
8 _______is an ordered sequence of letters/characters. They are enclosed in
single quotes (‘ ’ ) or double (“ ”).
e) String
f) Integer
g) Float
h) None of the above
9 ___________ are a sequence of values of any type, and are indexed by integers.
They are immutable and enclosed in ().
e) String
f) Lists
g) Tuples
h) All of the above
10 _________ function is used to display given output in python.
e) printf()
f) print()
g) scan()
h) None of the above
11 _________ function is used to take input from the user in python.
e) input()
f) insert()
g) store()
h) None of the above
12 The data type of 14.5 is __________
e) int
f) float
g) string
h) list
13 ___________ operator gives the remainder in Python.
e) %
f) /

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 g) //
h) *
14 __________ operator is used to find the square of a number
e) ^
f) *
g) **
h) //
15 What does the following code print?
if 4 + 5 == 10:
print("TRUE")
else:
print("FALSE")
e) TRUE
f) FALSE
g) None of them
h) TRUE FALSE
16 What will be the datatype of following variable ?
A= “100”
e) int
f) float
g) string
h) list
17 Smallest element of python coding is called ______
e) Identifiers
f) Tokens
g) Keywords
h) Delimiters
18 Find the invalid variable among the following:
e) 1st_place
f) my_place
g) _first
h) Fun
19 T=[10,20,30,40] is a type of which datatype in python
e) int
f) string
g) list

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 h) tuple
20 The _________ mode of python gives instant result of typed statement
e) Interactive mode
f) Script mode
g) Combination of interactive and script mode
h) All of these
2 mark Questions
1 What is the Difference between Interactive mode and script mode?
Ans Interactive mode is where you type commands and they are immediately
executed. Script mode is where you put a bunch of commands into a file
(a script), and then tell Python to run the file.
2 What are the basic datatypes in Python?
Ans The basic datatypes are
int – to represent integers
float - to represent floating point numbers
string – to represent sequence of characters
Boolean – to represent True or False
list- to represent collection of elements in [ ]
tuple – to represent collection of elements in ( )
dictionary – to represent the elements as key and value pairs in { }
3 What is a variable?
Ans A Python variable is a reserved memory location to store values
Eg: V=10, here V is variable
4 What are the arithmetic operators in Python?
Ans + for addition ( eg: print(5+5) gives 10
- for subtraction( eg: print(5-4) gives 1

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 * for multiplication ( eg: print(5 * 4) gives 20
/ for division ( eg: print(7/2) gives 3.5
// for floor Division (eg: print(7//2) gives 3
% for reminder (eg: print(7%2) gives 1
** for Exponentiation (eg: print(3**2) gives 9
5 What are lists in python?
Ans Lists are mutable datatypes in python which can be used to store elements within
square brackets [ ]
Eg: L=[1, 3.5, “New”, [1,2,3] ]
6 What will be out of the following?
for I in range(1,10,2):
print(I)
Ans 1
3
5
7
9
7 What does the following code print?
if 4 + 5 == 10:
print("TRUE")
else:
print("FALSE")
Ans FALSE
8 L=[10, “New”, 34.5,30,40]
print( L[1])
L[2]=50
print(L)
Ans New
[10, 'New', 50, 30, 40]
9 What will be the output of the following
print ("hello")
print("Class9 \nArtificial Intelligence")

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Ans hello
Class9
Artificial Intelligence
10 State True or False
c) Python is case sensitive programming language
d) A variable’s value once assigned cannot be changed
Ans a) True
b) False
11 Identify the datatype in the following
e) 15.3
f) “123”
g) “CBSE”
h) K=[1,2,3,4]
Ans a) float
b) string
c) string
d) list
12 Write the output of the following
A,B=10,20
A,B=B,A
print(A,B)
Ans 20 10
13 To print the following patterns using multiple print commands
*
**
***
****
*****
Ans print(“ * ”)
print(“ * *”)
print(“* * *”)
print(“* * * *”)
print(“* * * * *”)
14 Write program to generate the following output
5 10 15, 20…..100
Ans # Program to generate the given series of numbers

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 for I in range(5,101,5):
print(I, end= “ ” )
15 Rewrite the following by correcting the errors
Sname=int(input(“Enter Name”))
M=int(input(“Enter Mark”)
if M>33
print(“Pass”)
otherwise:
print(“Fail”)
Ans Sname=input(“Enter Name”)
M=int(input(“Enter Mark”))
if M>33:
print(“Pass”)
else:
print(“Fail”)
4 Mark Questions
1) Define the following terms
a) Identifiers
b) Keywords
c) Expression
d) Tokens
Ans a) Identifier: A token is the smallest individual unit in a python program
b) Keywords: Keywords are words that have some special meaning or
significance in a programming language. They can’t be used as variable
names or function names
c) Expression: an expression is a combination of values, variables, and
operators that evaluates to a single value
d) Tokens: It is the smallest unit of a program
2) Write a program to enter Marks in 5 subjects, Calculate and display total and
average marks
Ans # Program to calculate total and average marks
m1 = int(input("Enter first subject marks: "))
m2 = int(input("Enter second subject marks: "))
m3 = int(input("Enter third subject marks: "))

KVS ZIET MYSORE 146

 m4 = int(input("Enter fourth subject marks: "))
m5 = int(input("Enter fifth subject marks: "))
avg = (m1 + m2+ m3+ m4 + m5) / 5;
print("Average Marks =", avg)
3) Create a list in Python of children selected for Sports with following names
Arjun, Sonakshi, Vikram, Sandhya, Sonal, Isha, Kartik
Perform the following tasks on the list in sequence-
• Print the whole list
• Display the name “Vikram” from the list
• Add the name “Jay” at the end
• Remove the item which is at the second position
Ans Sports=[ “Arjun”, “Sonakshi”, “Vikram”, “Sandhya”,” Sonal”, “Isha”, “Kartik” ]
print( Sports)
print(Sports[2])
Sports.append(“Jay”)
Sports.pop(2)
4) Write a program to calculate Area and Perimeter of a rectangle
Ans length = int(input("Enter the length of the rectangle: "))
width = int(input("Enter the width of the rectangle: "))
area = length * width
perimeter = 2 * (length + width)
print("The area of the rectangle is:", area)
print("The perimeter of the rectangle is:", perimeter)

5) Write a program to print sum of first 10 natural numbers

Ans # Program to find sum of first 10 natural numbers

sum = 0
for i in range(1, 11):
sum = sum+ i
print(sum)

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 SAMPLE PAPER I
SESSION 2023-24
SESSION ENDING EXAMINATION 2023-24
CLASS: IX SUBJECT: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
MAX MARKS: 50 TIME ALLOWED: 2HRS
Section A (Objective Type Questions)
1 Answer any 4 out of the given 6 question on Employability skill (1X4=4
Marks)
i Physical exercise is used as a stress management technique because
it improves blood circulation b) improves self-image
makes us feel better d) all of the above
ii seema is having a list of softwares, she wants to find out the system software,
help her by finding out which of the following is a system software
facebook messenger b) MS Office
c) Operating System d) Adobe photoshop
iii Rhea gas to draw the basic diagram of Computer. she has drawn the CPU but
forgot the units inside the CPU to be mentioned in the diagram. find out the
correct units to help her:
ALU and Output unit b) CU and input unit
c) CU and ALU d) CU and output unit
iv Economic development of country means:
Circulation of money b) improved standard of living
none of the above d) more and more jobs
v
Living environment includes:
a) plants, animals, human beings and other living
organisms.
b) oil,rock,
c) air,water
d) sun
vi __________________are the resources that are constantly replaced and
usually less polluting:
a) inexhaustible resources c) renewable resources
b) exhaustible resources d) None of the above resources
2 Answer any 5 out of 6 the given question (1X5=5 marks)
i ___________ allows computers and systems to extract useful information

KVS ZIET MYSORE 148

 from
digital photos, videos, and other visual inputs.
a. Data Science c. Computer Vision
b. Natural Language Processing d. All of the above
ii Which of the following is not a stage of AI Project cycle?
a) Problem Scoping b) Prototyping c) Modelling d) evaluation
iii which of the following is not a way to collect data?
a) Survey b) Sensors c) Camera d) none of these
iv ___________part helps us understand and identify the nature of the problem
and how we get to know what helps to get us to know the evidence:
a) Who b) What c) Where d) why
v The point of contact between an axon of one cell and a dendrite of
another cell is called a ______________.
a) soma b) synapse c) dendrites d) Axon Terminal
vi which one of the following is a valid identifier in python?
a) file.exe b) file1# c) int d) myfile1
3 Answer any 5 out of 6 the given question (1X5=5 marks)
i Who is known as father of Artificial Intelligence.
a) John McCarthy b) Charles babbage c) Alan Turing d) None
ii AI plays an important role in __________ technologies:
a) Self-Driving cars b) metro c) both a and b d) None of these
iii For better efficiency of an AI project, the ___________should be authentic
and relevant to the problem statement scoped.
ans: training data
iv in a neural network how, many hidden layers can exist:
a) 5 b)0 c) 1 d) to be defined by programmer
v Which of the following is not a decision-making statement in python?
a) if b) if…else c) if …elif d) for
vi Write the python statements to print the entire list L1
a) print(L1) b)print(L1[4])
c) L1[2]="Mangoes" d)print(L1[2])
4 Answer any 10 out of the given11 question (1X10=10 marks)
i which of the following in not a virtual assistant :
a) Alexa b) siri c) cortana d) sophia
ii Which of the following is not an application of AI:
a) Remote controlled drone b) Self driving car
c) Self-serving kiosk d) Self watering plant system
iii This domain is enabling computer to identify and process images like

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 humans do:
a) Data Science b) NLP c) Computer Vision d) None of these
iv Choose the five stages of AI project cycle in correct order from the choices
given
below
a. Evaluation → Problem scoping → Data exploration → Data acquisition
→ Modelling
b. Problem scoping → Data exploration → Data acquisition →
Evaluation → Modelling
c. Data acquisition → Problem scoping→ Data exploration → Modelling →
Evaluation
d. Problem scoping → Data acquisition → Data exploration →
Evaluation → Modelling
v A___________is an Artificial intelligence strategy for teaching computers to
analyze data in the same way the human brain does:
a) Brain Network b) Cell Network
c) Neural Network d) Human Nervous System
vi Write the python statements to change “Oranges” with “Mangoes” in the list
given below:
ListOfFruits=[“Banana”,"Apple","Orange","Pears","Watermelon "]
a)print(ListOfFruits) b)print(ListOfFruits[4])
c) ListOfFruits[2]="Mangoes" d)print(ListOfFruits[2])statement
vii The application/applications of Artificial Intelligence is/are:
a)Expert Systems b)Gaming c)Vision Systems d)All of the
above
vii what does NLP stands for in AI
i a) Neuro Linguisting Programming b)Natural language processing
c) Neural Logic Presentation d)Natural Learning projection
ix in a neural network how many input layers can exist:
a) 5 b)0 c) 1 d) infinite
x Which of the following shows the types of learning algorithm:
a) supervised,machine,reinforcement
b) supervised,unsupervised,regression
c) supervised ,unsupervised ,reinforcement
d) machine ,regression,unsupervised
xi Write the python statements to print the last item of list given below:
List1=[“Agra”,"Bengaluru","Chennai","Delhi","Ernakulam "]
a) print(List1) b)print(List1[4])

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 c) List1[2]="Mangoes" d)print(List1[2])
SECTION- B
Descriptive type Questions
Write in 20-30 words each
Answer any 3 out of 5 given questions on employability skill. (2X3=6
marks)
5 What is nonverbal communication? Give any two examples of it
6 Give any two factors for improving self-confidence.
7 What is utility software? Name any two.
8 Write any four characteristics of an entrepreneur.
9 What is sustainable development? write the number of Sustainable
development goals set by the UN.
Answer any 4 out of 6 given questions in 20-30 words each. (2X4=8
marks)
10 What are the three domains of AI? Explain any two.
11 a) When anyone searches about nurses on the internet, the picture of a
female appears. Why it happens.
b) What should be done to avoid it
12 Neeta has been working on an AI Project. She has completed the problem
scoping, but she has forgotten the next stage. help her by listing all the
remaining steps in the sequence.
13 Explain 4 W’s of 4W Canvas?
14 Write any two applications of Neural Network.
15 predict the output
list = [12,14,16,18]
print(list[2])
list[-1]=30
print(list[-1])
16 Answer any 3 out of 5 given questions in 50-80 words each. (4X3=12
marks)
Explain any four applications of Artificial Intelligence.
17 Why the selection of data sources is important in AI? Name two reliable data
sources.
18 Write all the stages of AI Project Cycle. Explain any three.
19 a) Expand ANN
b) Explain input layer
c) Explain output layer
d) Draw the diagram of ANN.

KVS ZIET MYSORE 151

20 Write a python program to accept the marks of 2 subjects of a child in a test
from the user and calculate the percentage.also print that the child has passed
or not in the test. PS: Maximum marks for each subject is 100 and the
pass percentage is 33%.

MARKING SCHEME

Section A (Objective Type Questions)

1 Answer any 4 out of the given question on Employability skill(1X4=4Marks)
i Physical exercise is used as a stress management technique because
d)all of the above
ii seema is having a list of softwares ,she wants to find out the system software
,help her by finding out which of the following is a system software
c) Operating System
iii Rhea gas to draw the basic diagram of Computer. she has drawn the CPU but
forgot the units inside the CPU to be mentioned in the diagram. find out the
correct units to help her:
c) CU and ALU
iv Economic development of country means:
Circulation of money
v Living environment includes:
a) plants, animals, human beings and other living
organisms.
vi __________________are the resources that are constantly replaced and
usually less polluting: c) renewable resources
2 Answer any 5 out of 6 the given question (1X5=5marks)
i ___________ allows computers and systems to extract useful information
from
digital photos, videos, and other visual inputs.
c. Computer Vision
ii Which of the following is not a stage of AI Project cycle?
b) Prototyping
iii which of the following is not a way to collect data?
d) none of these
iv ___________part helps us understand and identify the nature of the problem
and how we get to know what helps to get us to know the evidence:
b) What
v The point of contact between an axon of one cell and a dendrite of

KVS ZIET MYSORE 152

 another cell is called a ______________.
b) synapse
vi which one of the following is a valid identifier in python?
d)myfile1
3 Answer any 5 out of 6 the given question (1X5=5 marks)
i Who is known as father of Artificial Intelligence.
a) John McCarthy
ii AI plays an important role in __________ technologies:
a) Self-Driving cars
iii For better efficiency of an AI project, the ___________should be authentic
and relevant to the problem statement scoped.
ans: training data
iv in a neural network how, many hidden layers can exist:
d) to be defined by programmer
v Which of the following is not a decision-making statement in python?
d) for
vi Write the python statements to print the entire list L1
a) print(L1)
4 Answer any 10 out of 11 the given question (1X10=10 marks)
i which of the following in not a virtual assistant?
d) sophia
ii Which of the following is not an application of AI?
a) Remote controlled drone
iii This domain is enabling computer to identify and process images like
humans do:
c) Computer Vision
iv Choose the five stages of AI project cycle in correct order from the choices
given
below.
d. Problem scoping → Data acquisition → Data exploration →
Evaluation → Modelling
v A___________is an Artificial intelligence strategy for teaching computers to
analyze data in the same way the human brain does:
c) Neural Network
vi Write the python statements to change “Oranges” with “Mangoes” in the list
given below:
ListOfFruits=[“Banana”,"Apple","Orange","Pears","Watermelon "]
c) ListOfFruits[2]="Mangoes"

KVS ZIET MYSORE 153

vii The application/applications of Artificial Intelligence is/are:
d)All of the above
vii what does NLP stands for in AI
i b)Natural language processing
ix a) in a neural network how many input layers can exist:
b) c) 1
x Which of the following shows the types of learning algorithm:
c) supervised ,unsupervised ,reinforcement
xi Write the python statements to print the last item of list given below:
List1=[“Agra”,"Bengaluru","Chennai","Delhi","Ernakulam "]
b)print(List1[4])
SECTION- B
Descriptive type Questions
Write in 20-30 words each
Answer any 3 out of 5 given questions on employability skill.(2X3=6 marks)
5 What is non verbal communication ? Give any two examples of it
in non verbal communication, information is exchanged by using all other
things except words. 1 mark
example gestures, body language, facial expressions ,eye gaze etc any two. 1
mark
6 Give any two factors for improving self-confidence.
Social Factor,cultural factor ,physical factor any two
7 What is utility software? Name any two.
A utility program is used to perform maintenance work on a system or on the
components of the computer. 1
Examples of Utility programs are;- antivirus software, file management
programs, etc. ½ mark of one utility software name
8 Write any four characteristics of an entrepreneur.
takes initiative,systematic,purposeful and lawful activity, risk bearer or any
other valid characteristics (any four)
9 What is sustainable development? write the number of Sustainable
development goals set by the UN.
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present,
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.1 mark
17 SDG are set by UN 1 mark
Answer any 4 out of 6 given questions in 20-30 words each.(2X4=8 marks)
10 What are the three domains of AI. Explain any two

KVS ZIET MYSORE 154

 Data Sciences, Computer Vision and NLP 1 mark
brief explanation ½ mark each
11 a) When anyone searches about nurses on the internet ,the picture of a
female appears.Why it happens .
b) What should be done to avoid it
AI Bias.
training data should be unbiased. ½ mark each
12 Neeta has been working on an AI Project. She has completed the problem
scoping but she has forgotten the next stage. help her by listing all the
remaining steps in the sequence .
data acquisition ,data exploration, modelling, evaluation ½ mark each stage
13 Explain 4 W’s of 4W Canvas?.
4 W CANVAS
1. Who – Who are the ones for which the solution is to be developed; the
stakeholders. The stakeholders are the directly or indirectly affected people
who
are facing the problem and will benefit from the solution.
2. What –What is the nature of the problem
3. Where – Where does the problem arise
4. Why – Why this problem should be solved and how it will benefit the
stakeholders.
½ mark each W
14 Write any two applications of Neural Network.
Speech recognition
Character recognition
Spell checking any two
15 predict the output
list = [12,14,16,18]
print(list[2])
list[-1]=30
print(list[-1])
16
30 one mark each line
16 Answer any 3 out of 5 given questions in 50-80 words each.(4X3=12 marks)
Explain any four applications of Artificial Intelligence.
AI in E-Commerce(Personal shopping,AI Virtual Assistant, Fraud
prevention), Social Media, Robotics, Agriculture. Any 4 with brief
explanation

KVS ZIET MYSORE 155

17 Why the selection of data sources is important in AI. Name two reliable data
sources.
The data is the foundation of the project .Therefore ,the acquired data should
be authentic,reliable and correct. Also the acquisition methods should be
authentic so that the project will not conflict with anyone. 1 mark
data.gov.in, india.gov.in or any other reliable source. 1 mark for each source
18 Write all the stages of AI Project Cycle .Explain any three.
Components of the AI Project Cycle :
Problem Scoping:Understanding the problem,Data Acquisition:Collecting
accurate and reliable data, Data Exploration:Arranging the data
uniformly,Modelling:Creating Models from the data, Evaluation:Evaluating
the project.
write name correctly in sequence 1 mark
explanation of three stages 1 mark each
19 a) Expand ANN
b) Explain input layer
c) Explain output layer
d) Draw the diagram of ANN.
Expand ANN :Artificial neural network 1mark
Input layer – It communicates with external environment that present a
pattern to the neural network. Its job is to deal with all the inputs only. This
input get transferred to the hidden layer 1 mark
Output layer – It collects and transmits the information accordingly in a way
it has
been designed to give. The final output is extracted from the previous hidden
layers 1 mark .

diagram 1 mark
20 Write a python program to accept the marks of 2 subjects of a child in a test
from the user and calculate the percentage also print that the child has passed
or not in the test.PS: Maximum marks for each subject is 100 and the pass
percentage is 33%.
m1=int(input("Enter the marks of sub1"))

KVS ZIET MYSORE 156

 m2=int(input("Enter the marks of sub2"))
per=(m1+m2)/2
if per>=33:
print("Passed")
else:
print("not Passed")
or any similar logic
1 mark for taking inputs
1 mark for calculation of percentage
1 mark for if and print
1 mark for else and print

KVS ZIET MYSORE 157

 SAMPLE PAPER II

General Instructions:

a) Please read the instructions carefully.

b) This Question Paper consists two sections: Section A & Section B.
SECTION A - OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (24 MARKS):
SECTION B – SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (26 MARKS):

SECTION-A: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.I Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions on Employability Skills (1 x

4 = 4 marks)
1 When we believe in our ability to achieve in anything we undertake in 1
life, we develop the quality of ___________
a. Self-confidence
b. Self-awareness
c. Self-control
d. Positive attitude
2 ICT stands for _______________________ 1
a. Information and Communication Technology
b. Internet and Communication Technology
c. Inter Connect Technology
d. Information Community Technology
3 Which of the following shortcut key is used to paste the contents copied 1
from a location
a. CTRL+C
b. CTRL+V
c. CTRL+X
d. CTRL+P
4 ___________________ is a person who is self-employed, is willing to 1
take a calculated risk and brings in a new ides to start a business
a. Software Engineer
b. Entrepreneur
c. Civil Engineer
d. Mechanical Engineer

KVS ZIET MYSORE 158

5 What are the sustainable development goals?
a. End Poverty
b. Protect the Planet
c. All people enjoy the peace and prosperity
d. All of the above
6 ____________ is a concept of modern waste management 1
a. Reduce
b. Reuse
c. Recycle
d. All of the above
Q.II Answer any 20 out of the given 23 questions (1 x 20 = 20 marks)
1 ____________ is the ability of machines to do cognitive tasks such as 1
thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making
a. Nero Science
b. Artificial Intelligence
c. Data Package
d. None of the above
2 This language is easy to learn and is one of the most popular language 1
for AI
a. C++
b. Python
c. Ruby
d. Java
3 Match column A with Column B 1
Column A Column B
1. Expert System partner. A. Simulate how a human would
behave as a conversational
2. Chatbot B. Uses knowledge stored in a
knowledge base but requires the
intervention of human expert.
3. Digital Assistant C. Autonomous vehicle
4. self-driving car D. Works on various mobile
platforms
a) 1 -> B; 2 -> A; 3 -> D; 4 -> C
b) 1 -> A; 2 -> B; 3 -> C; 4 -> D
c) 1 -> D; 2 -> A; 3 -> B; 4 -> C
KVS ZIET MYSORE 159
 d) 1 -> C; 2 -> A; 3 -> D; 4 -> B
4 What does NLP stands for in AI? 1
a. Neutral Learning Projection
b. Neuro-Linguistic Programming
c. Natural Language Processing
d. Neural Logic Presentation
5 Who is known as “Father of Artificial intelligence”?
a. Fisher Ada
b. Alan Turing
c. Allen Newell
d. John Mccarthy
6 This is a system of programs and data structures that mimics the 1
operation of the human brain
a. Intelligent Network
b. Decision Support System
c. Neural Network
d. Genetic Programming
7 With the help of AI, the farmer can identify defects and nutrient 1
deficiencies in the soil with the help of __________.
a. Machine Learning applications
b. Natural Language Processing
c. Expert System
d. Computer Vision
8 What does “IoT” mean in terms of artificial intelligence? 1
a. Internet of Things
b. Intelligence of Technology
c. Input of Text
d. Internet of Training
9 The method of collecting correct and dependable data to work with is 1
known as ___
a. Problem Scoping
b. Data Acquisition
c. Data Exploration
d. Modeling
10 What are the different types of data ___________ 1
a. Structured Data

KVS ZIET MYSORE 160

 b. Unstructured Data
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
11 ________ is not a stage of AI Project cycle 1
a. Problem Scoping & Data Acquisition
b. Data Exploration & Modeling
c. Evaluation
d. Debugging
12 How you can identify the problem scoping in the project? 1
a. Understand why the project was started
b. Define the project’s primary objectives
c. Outline the project’s work statement
d. All of the above
13 ________ element helps us to understand and categorize who is 1
directly and indirectly affected by the problem
a. Who
b. What
c. Where
d. Why
14 What are the various types of learning algorithms? 1
a. Supervised learning
b. Unsupervised Learning
c. Reinforcement Learning
d. All of the above
15 Artificial Neural Network is used for_________ 1
a. Classification
b. Clustering
c. Pattern recognition
d. All of the above
16 ____________enables machines to improve at tasks with experience
a. Machine learning
b. Deep Learning
c. Neural Network
d. None of the above
17 What are the features of a Neural Network _____________
a. The human nrain and nervous system are used to model neural

KVS ZIET MYSORE 161

 network
b. They can automatically extract features without the programmer’s
input
c. Every node in a neural network is a machine learning algorithm
d. All of the above
18 Which learning involves training the machine using data?
a. Supervised
b. Unsupervised
c. Rule based
d. Learning based
19 Who developed Python Programming Language? 1
a. Wick Van Rossum
b. Rasmus Lerdorf
c. Guido Van Rossum
d. Niene Stom
20 In Python, which of the following characters is used to create single line 1
comment
a. //
b. #
c. !
d. /*
21 An identifier cannot start with a ________ 1
a. Number
b. Character
c. Underscore
d. None of the above
22 ______________ keyword is used to accept data from user 1
a. print
b. accept
c. input
d. output
23 Write the output of the following python statement 1
print(10//3)
a. 3
b. 3.33
c. 1

KVS ZIET MYSORE 162

 d. 0

SECTION-B: SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.II Answer any 3 out of the given 6 questions (2 x 3 = 6 marks)

I
1 Define any two types of Communication. 2
2 Write any four self-management skills. 2
3 Write in brief about files and folders in a computer system. 2
4 Write any four qualities of successful entrepreneurs. 2
5 Write in very short about sustainable development and Green Skill. 2
Q.I Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions (2 x 4 = 8 marks)
V
1 Name at least two domains of Artificial Intelligence. 2
2 Write a short note on Smart Home. 2
3 Write the name of 4 W’s of Problem Scoping. 2
4 Define the term Data Acquisition in AI. 2
5 Define the term Neural Network. 2
6 What are the data types in python? 2
Q.V Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions (4 x 3 = 12 marks)
1 What are the application of Artificial Intelligence 4
2 Explain the stages of AI Project Cycle 4
3 Define the following terms 4
i) Deep learning
ii) Machine learning
4 What is Artificial Neural Network? Write any 3 Applications of 4
Artificial Neural Networks.
5 Write a python program to enter marks in 2 subjects and your program 4
should calculate and display total marks of two subject and average
marks in two subjects.

MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.I Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions on Employability Skills (1 x
4 = 4 marks)
1 When we believe in our ability to achieve in anything we undertake in 1
life, we develop the quality of ___________
a. Self-confidence
2 ICT stands for _______________________ 1

KVS ZIET MYSORE 163

 a. Information and Communication Technology
3 Which of the following shortcut key is used to paste the contents copied 1
from a location
b. CTRL+V
4 ___________________ is a person who is self-employed, is willing to 1
take a calculated risk and brings in a new ides to start a business
b. Entrepreneur
5 What are the sustainable development goals?
d. All of the above
6 ____________ is a concept of modern waste management 1
d. All of the above
Q.II Answer any 20 out of the given 23 questions (1 x 20 = 20 marks)
1 ____________ is the ability of machines to do cognitive tasks such as 1
thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making
b.Artificial Intelligence
2 This language is easy to learn and is one of the most popular language 1
for AI
b.Python
3 Match column A with Column B 1
Column A Column B
1. Expert System partner. A. Simulate how a human would
behave as a conversational
2. Chatbot B. Uses knowledge stored in a
knowledge base but requires the
intervention of human expert.
3. Digital Assistant C. Autonomous vehicle
4. self-driving car D. Works on various mobile
platforms
a) 1 -> B; 2 -> A; 3 -> D; 4 -> C
4 What does NLP stands for in AI? 1
c. Natural Language Processing
5 Who is known as “Father of Artificial intelligence”?
d. John Mccarthy
6 This is a system of programs and data structures that mimics the 1
operation of the human brain
c. Neural Network
7 With the help of AI, the farmer can identify defects and nutrient 1
deficiencies in the soil with the help of __________.
a.Machine Learning applications
8 What does “IoT” mean in terms of artificial intelligence? 1
a.Internet of Things
KVS ZIET MYSORE 164
9 The method of collecting correct and dependable data to work with is 1
known as ___
b.Data Acquisition
10 What are the different types of data ___________ 1
c.Both a) and b)
11 ________ is not a stage of AI Project cycle 1
d. Debugging
12 How you can identify the problem scoping in the project? 1
d. All of the above
13 ________ element helps us to understand and categorize who is 1
directly and indirectly affected by the problem
a.Who
14 What are the various types of learning algorithms? 1
d.All of the above
15 Artificial Neural Network is used for_________ 1
d.All of the above
16 ____________enables machines to improve at tasks with experience
b.Deep Learning
17 What are the features of a Neural Network _____________
d.All of the above
18 Which learning involves training the machine using data?
a.Supervised
19 Who developed Python Programming Language? 1
c.Guido Van Rossum
20 In Python, which of the following characters is used to create single line 1
comment
b. #
21 An identifier cannot start with a ________ 1
a. Number
22 ______________ keyword is used to accept data from user 1
c. input
23 Write the output of the following python statement 1
print(10//3)
a. 3

SECTION B: SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.II Answer any 3 out of the given 6 questions (2 x 3 = 6 marks)
I
1 Define any two types of Communication. 2
There are main 3 types of communication methods

KVS ZIET MYSORE 165

 a) Verbal Communication
b) Non-Verbal Communication
c) Visual Communication
(define any 2, 1 mark each)
2 Write any four self-management skills. 2
Self awareness
Self Control
Self Confidence
Problem Solving
Self motivation
Personal Hygiene
(any four, ½ m1rk each)
3 Write in brief about files and folders in a computer system. 2
File is a collection of information of different types. Every file has a
filename and extension that identifies the type of file
Folder is a collection files
(1 +1 mark)
4 Write any four qualities of successful entrepreneurs. 2
Patience
Positivity
Hardworking
Confidence
Creativity and Innovation
open to trial and error
(any 4, ½ mark each)
5 Write in very short about sustainable development and Green Skill. 2
Sustainble development is the development which doesn’t compromise
the capacity of the future generation to satisfy their needs
the skills required for promoting the green economy are known as
green skills for example sewer treatment,renewable energy,climate
resilient cities, gren construction, solid waste management etc.
(1+1 mark)

Q.IV Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions (2 x 4 = 8 marks)

1 Name at least two domains of Artificial Intelligence. 2
a) Data Science
b) Natural Language Processing
c) Computer Vision
(any 2, 1mark each)
2 Write a short note on Smart Home. 2

KVS ZIET MYSORE 166

 A smart home is a flexible house setup in which appliances and devices
may be managed using a mobile or other networked device from
anywhere with an internet connection
(2 marks)
3 Write the name of 4 W’s of Problem Scoping. 2
The 4 W’s of problem scoping are
Who- helps us to understand and categorize who is directly affected by
the problem
What- analysing and recognizing the nature of the problem
Where- What is the situation and where does the problem arise
Why- refers to why we need to address the problem
( ½ mark each)
4 Define the term Data Acquisition in AI. 2
The method of collecting correct and dependable data to work with is
known as data acquisition. Data can be in the form of text, video,
photos, audio and so on and it can be gathered from a variety of places
such as websites, journals and newspapers (2 marks)
5 Define the term Neural Network 2
The neural network is an artificial intelligence strategy for teaching
computers to analyze data in the same way that the human brain does.
(2 marks)
6 What are data types in python? 2
Data types are used to denote the type of data
int- represents integers
string- repreesents strings
float- represents floating point numbers
list- list of elements enclosed in [ ]
tuple- list of elements enclosed in ()
dictionary- list of key-value pair enclosed in { }
( any 4 data types , ½ mark for each data type)

Q.V Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions (4 x 3 = 12 marks)

1 What are the application of Artificial Intelligence 4
E-Commerce
a) Personalized Shopping
b) AI powered assistants
c) Fraud Prevention
Automobiles
a) Self driving automobiles
Social Media

KVS ZIET MYSORE 167

 a) Facebook
b) Twitter
Agriculture
Robotics
( Any 4 applications, 1 mark each)
2 Explain the stages of AI Project Cycle 4
Problem Scoping
Data Acquisition
Data Exploration
Modeling
Evalution
(4 marks)
3 Define the following terms 4
i) Deep learning
ii) Machine learning
i) Deep learning is a part of Artificial intelligence that uses neural
networks with multilayer. Deep learning analyzes the data, learns
the data and solves the problem the same as human. Deep learning
requires the machine to be educated with a large quantity of data in
order to train itself
ii) Machine learning is a part of artificial intelligence in which we give
data to the machine and allow them to learn for themselves. It is
essentially getting a machine to accomplish something without
being specifically programmed to do so.
(2 marks each)
4 What is Artificial Neural Network? Write any 3 Applications of 4
Artificial Neural Networks.
The term "Artificial Neural Network" is derived from Biological neural
networks that develop the structure of a human brain. Similar to the
human brain that has neurons interconnected to one another, artificial
neural networks also have neurons that are interconnected to one
another in various layers of the networks
Applications of ANN
1. Facial Recognition.
2. Stock Market Prediction.
3. Social Media.
4. Aerospace.
5. Defence.
( 2 marks for definition, 2 marks for application)
5 Write a python program to enter marks in 2 subjects and your program 4
should calculate and display total marks of two subject and average

KVS ZIET MYSORE 168

 marks in two subjects. # Program to calculate total and average marks
sub1=int(input(“Enter marks in subject1”))
sub2= int(input(“Enter marks in subject2”))
tot=sub1+sub2
avg=tot/2
print(“Total marks”,tot)
print(“Average marks”,avg)
( 1 mark for input, 1 mark for total, 1 mark for average, 1 mark for
display)

*******

KVS ZIET MYSORE 169

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Digital Citizenship Life Cycle of Medicine & Things you should know What to do when Doctor
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Humanity & Covid-19 Blue Pottery Pottery Block Printing

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Khadi Mask Making Mass Media Making of a Graphic

Novel

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Rockets
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Retail Information Technology Automotive

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Health Care Apparel Multi Media Multi Skill Foundation

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