Power; Choice

Globalinteractions

What does it mean

to be a global citizen?

Global problems are a

reality but individuals have
the power and choice to

CONSIDER THESE
QUESTIONS
Factual:What are some of
the issuesfacing the world
today? How have different
environments been darnaged
by human action? What are
some of the human rights issues
facing children?What is the role
of internationalorganizations in
tackling global issues? What are
someof the consequencesand Figure 1,1a A volunteerworking for an NGO
solutionsto plastic pollution?
IN THIS CHAPTER, WE WILL .
Conceptual: What is meant by
the term 'human rights'? • Find out about some of the rna'or Issues facing the world and some of the
possible solutions
Debatable:Can individuals Explore:
change the world? • how different environments are threatened by human actions
Now share and compare your • human rights Issues affecting children
thoughts and ideas with your Take action by look'ng at the different ways individuals can make a
partner. or with the whole class. positive difference to others
 qicefO

• Figure 1.1b Davd Beckham IS a UNICEF Goodwill • Figure 1.1cA medicalNGO

Ambassador
We will reflect on this learner
profile attribute
Caring - we will consider the different ways that
people can make a positive difference to others
and the planet
These Approaches to Learning (ATL)
skills will be useful
Creative-thinking skills deforestation recycling
human rights sustainability
Critical-thinking skills
pollution
• Communication skills
Information literacy skills
THINK-PAIR-SHARE
• Assessment opportunities in Look at the pictures (Figure 1 la and b) on these
this chapter: pages.
With a partner, think about whether individuals
• Criterion A: Knowing and understanding
can change the world. Can anyone change
• Criterion B: Investigating the world? In what ways can people change
• Criterion C: Communicating the world?
o Criterion D: Thinking critically Share your thoughts with the class

What does 't mean to be a global cvuzerP

HUMAN b
ACHIEVEMENT
PlanetEarth sometimes referred
to as the lucky planet, qwen Its
ability to support complex life
Earth has IU5t the right mix of
gases for a breathable atmosphere
- It IS not too hot and not too cold. and there 15an
abundance of water Humans have inhabited the planet
for thousands of years and gradually the world has
become more and more Interconnected If we consider
the differences between the lifestyles of prehistoric
people With our twenty first-century lives we can see
the considerableextent of these changes
These changes have come as a result of a range
of discoveries and scientific and
technological breakthroughs. The
Interconnected world can be seen
In the complex trading relationships
around the world, often the Items
we use jn dally life have traveiled far
to reach us The progress of human
societies can be seen In many of the
Cities of the world, With numerous
examples of artistic, architectural and
scientific achievement
Despite these considerable
achievements, there are major Issues
facing the world at present. In this
chapter we Will Identify some of these
Issues and explore the different ways
that Individuals can take action and
help bring about positive change

Figure 1.2 Examples of human achievement

 d

ACTIVITY: Human achievement

ATL
Creative-thinking skills —Apply existing
knowledge to generate new ideas, products or
processes

1 Look at the pictures (Figure 1.2a—e).For each

picture explain how it can be described as an
example of human achievement.
2 In pairs, list other human achievements
from your own knowledge. You can think of
examples from the past as well as the present.
3 Visit a news website and try to find an article
about human achievement.This could be about
a scientific breakthrough, an artistic creation
or a story of heroism. Write a description of
the article and explain why it is an exampleof
human achievement.
4 The key concept for this chapter is global
V Links to: Sciences interactions.How do you think the different
What is Earth's atmosphere made ? How s It examples of human achievement discussed
different from other planets in the solar system? would affect global interactions?

1 What does It mean to be a global citizen?

What are some of
the issues facing the
world today? o Hurnan r;ghtr, tzsue",can often trrzolve prejudice
dunrrnnat%l
Prejudice - Dislike or hatred towards sorr•eTe
bud on unfar optnms, for e;zrrpk, raczrn.sewn
Discrimination - Treating someone different/
usuallytn a negatr,jemanner based on unfar
optruons,for example, racst lans In a country

THE ENVIRONMENT —EnvironmentalIssues are a mapr global problem

and we Will exarnjne two case studies tn this chapter Environmental Issues
relateto anything that ts damagng or threatening to both
natural and human environments Examples of environmental
damage Include pollution, the depletion of natural resources
and waste disposal-There are many people In the world who
are committed to •rnpro•nngthe environment and there are a
vanety of ways that people can make a difference.

POLITICAL REPRESENTATION
—This refers to the different
ways that people are governed. What are some
Many people In the world live
under repressrve governments of the issues
where ther human rights may facing the
be threatened, In these areas
peopleoften do not have the
world today?
ab'lltyto choosewho
representsthem tn government.

TERRORISM - Terrorismis a
global Issue with a variety of DAILY%VS
causes. It usually involves _fEorist attad
violence against people in the
name of a particularcause. This
violence nearly always leads to
a lot of suffenng.
Figure 1.3 Issues facing the world today

& Sor-lettes for theou MY P

 HUMAN RIGHTS - People do not enjoy the same rights globally There are
many parts of the world where differentgroups In society do not experience
equality and, worse, may experience prejudice and discrimination Human
rights Issues can also Include abuses by a government to Its people, such as
torture A major organtzatton that IS committed to campaigning for greater
human rights IS the United Nauons

WARS —Wars have shaped and

continue to shape human life In a
negative way Wars nearly always
Involve a severe loss of life and they
have many causes and consequences.
Efforts to promote peacemaking can
Improve this global Issue

RESOURCES —Resourcesreferto the amount of goods

that peopleor countries have access to These resources
could referto food, water medicines or
schools, Issues associated With access
to resources and development Will be
explored In Chapter 6

HEALTH —Proportionally, very few people in the world have

access to high-quality health care There are many parts of
the world where several thousands of people share access to
a Single doctor Health can be seen to be a global issue
owing to these inequalities.In addition,
there are parts of the world where
health Issues can become
considerably worse during AMBULANCE
times of war, natural disasters,
drought or fanne conditions

1 What does it mean to be a global citizen?

ACTIVITY: What are some of the REFLECTION
In this section we have
issues facing the world today? explored some examples
ATL of global issues Write a
reflection to explain What
Critical-thinking skills - interpreting data understand about the
Issues
factng the world and what
t Study the graph showing the number of doctors per 1,000 people would like to find out moreyou
(figure about.
a Which countries had the highest number of doctors per 1,000
Do some further research
people tn 2013? Into
one of the seven global
b Which countries had the lowest number of doctors per 1,000 issues
presented on pages 6-7 to
people in 2013?
deepen your Inquiry
c Explain the consequences for people of having i) a very low
number of doctors per 1,000 people, and ii) a very high number
of doctors per 1.000 people.
2 Study the political cartoon (Figure 1 5) 'The och get richer and the
poor get their byproducts'.
a Describe what is happening in the cartoon.
b Explain the message of the cartoon.
c Do you agree or disagree with the message?Why?
3 Study the table (Table 1 1) on endangered species.
a What do you understand by the term 'endangered'?
b Explain why certain species of animals are endangered.
c Choose one of the animals in the table to researchin greater
detail to find out more about the issue.

zo
e_e8

Cross section of countries

(data fros World Bank)
• Figure 1.4 Number of doctors per 1,000 people in 2013

for 'he 1 byC

 The RICH
get richer,
and the
POOR...

...get
their
byproducts.

• Figure 1.5 A cartoon about the differencesbetween the rich and the poor

Table 1.1 Top ten endangered annals 2014 (data from World Wildlife Fund)
Species I Number left in the wild
Amur leopard 40
Javan rhinoceros 60
Panther 80
Red wolf 100
Californja condor 130
Sumatran rhinoceros 300
Cross River gorilla 300
Asiatic Ion 350
Northern right whale 350
Indochinese tiger 500

1 What does It mean to be a global cjuzerP

 How have different
environments
been damaged by
human action?

Figure 1.6 Plastic in the ocean

ENVIRONMENTAL CASE STUDY 1 - PLASTIC IN

THE OCEANS THINK-PAIR-SHARE
Plasoc IS a very useful product It ts cheap and easy to make and 't lasts Think about your own life;
a bng time Plastic can be used to make a huge vanetyof productsthat how much plastic do you use
have great benefit to people, Including on a daily basis)
bags shampoo bottles
n chaers Video game controllers
a toys light switches
• buttons covenng for wtres
water bottles keyboards

Sooet.es for the MYP I

 Figure 1.7 Worldwide, many billons of plastic water bottles are used every year

Despite these obvtous uses, plastic IS a problematic Environmentalistshave found an area of the Pacific
matena(for the environment.Much of the plastic Ocean that they are calling the Great Pacific Garbage
waste In the world ends up in landfillSitesor In the Patch This a vast area of the ocean, about the size
seas and oceans As plastic takes a very long time to of Texas, which IS filled With plastic particles It IS found
break down —and 'n many cases never completely In an oceanic area called the doldrums, known for
degrades —this creates a major environmental Issue In its calm Winds,which In the past has trapped sailors
recent years, environmentalists have been campaigmng for days when there has been no Wind to power
to ravsemore awareness of the consequences of the their boats
human use of plastic
One of the places where you can often see the Impact
of the disposal of plastic IS on the beaches. A huge V Links to: Sciences
vanety of plastic can be found washed up on beaches The patterns of the tides in the seas and the
across the world For example, on a number of beaches oceans can create some interesting phenomena,
In Hawaii, the plastic waste IS so high that you actually which could be researched in your science classes.
need to dig Into it to find decent amounts of sand in Explore the following terminology:
addition, the vast majority of this plastic IS not from How can some of these tidal
conditions help to explain the formation of the
Hawaii Itseif but has floated thousands of miles across
Great Pacific Garbage Patch?
the Pacific Ocean before reaching these beaches.

1 What does It mean to be a global citizen?

 SOURCE B

SOURCE A
No-th Paot•c
Account by Captain Chatfes Moore discoverer of rhe Great
Pacific Garbage Patch. 'n an article for Natural History con.egen:e ?cne
magazine in 2003 Hawaiian
Archipelago
'So on the way back to our home port Long Beach,
tn
California, we decided to take a shortcut through the gyre, North
which few seafarers ever cross fishermen shun It because Equatorsal C
Its waters lack the nutrients to support an abundant South Equatcoal
catch Sailors dodge It because it lacks the wtnd to propel
thew sailboats
'Yet as gazed from the deck at the surfaceof what ought
to have been a pristine ocean, I was Figure 1.8 The location of the Great PacifiC
confronted, as far as
the eye could see, With the sight of plastic. Patch(convergence zone) and tidal currents

'It seemed unbelievable, but I never

found a clear spot. In SOURCE D
the week It took to cross the subtropical high, no matter
what time of day I looked. plastic debris was floating
everywhere. bottles, bottle caps, wrappers, fragments,
Months later, after I discussed what I had seen with the
Ocean
oceanographer Curtis Ebbesmeyec perhaps the world's Conservancy
leading expert on flotsam, he began referring to the area as
the -eastern garbage patch"

ENTANGLED 22
ANIMALS FOUN

SOURCE C
Extract from the website of the National Resources Defense
Council (NRDC),an enwronmentai action group
'Plastr pollution affects every waterway, sea and ocean
in the world. When we damage our water systems, we're
putting our own well-being at nsk. This pollution also has
huge costs for taxpayers and local governmentsthat must
clean this trash off of beaches and streets to protect public Figure 1.9 Top ten Items found dunng the
health, prevent flooding from trash-blocked storm drains, 2012 InternationalCoastal Clean-up (data from
and avoid lost tounsm revenue from filthy beaches: Ocean Conservancy)

Soc.ene«, tor tho 1B MVP 1

 ACTIVITY: Plastic oceans b After you have discussed the different
viewpoints, choose three of the identities and
ATL write a paragraph for each to explain what
you think their opinionwould be about this
Information literacy skills —Make connections global issue.
between various sources of Information
Environmental Chief Executive of a
1 Whydo you think plastic is such a widely used campaigner —You work plastics company -
product? for an environmental You run a major plastics
2 According to the sources, why is plastic such a group that IS committed manufactunng company
problemfor the world's oceans and seas? to Improvtng Ihe that has been operating
envtronment You regularly With high profits for
3 Whatis the Great Pacific Garbage Patch? Why
carnpatgn about the state many years Many of your
does plastic get stuck there? of the oceans and the seas products end up tn the
4 Why do you think Hawaii is particularly affected seas and oceans
by these issues?
Hotel owner at a beach Owner of a fishing
5 Copy and complete the following table. resort —You are not boat - You make a Irv•ng
usually too worried about throughfishing You have
Source Origin Purpose environmental issues but noticed that the amount of
you are concerned about plastic debris In the ocean
'his Issue might affect has Increased over the
the beaches and water years You are unsure what
near the resort to makeof lt.
c
Family living near the School student in a city
beach —You've itved by - You use a lot of plastic
the coast for many years products In your dally
6 Circle of viewpoints —in groups of six, take on and enjoy going 10 the life You sometimesthink
one of the identities (see table). beach and swtmmjng In about the environment
a In your groups, use the following scripts to the sea You are seriously but don't really think
discuss the plastic in the ocean issue using concerned about this Issue about the consequences of
your actions
the different viewpoints.
I am thinking of the environmental impact
of plastic from the point of view of
ii I think .. (Describe the topic from your
viewpoint- Be an actor —take on the Assessmentopportunities:
character of your viewpoint.)
This activity can be assessed using Criterion D:
iii A questionI have from this viewpoint is Thinking critically (strands iii and iv).
(Ask a question from this viewpoint.)

Origin and purpose Origin - What is the nameof the source?Who

What is meant by the origin and purpose of sources? made or wrote it? When was it made? Where was
it created?
Within individuals and societies we often refer to
different sourcesof information in terms of their Purpose - Why was the source created?What is
origin and purpose. The origin of the source its intention? Who is it for?
usuallyrefers to where the informationcame from For Criterion D: Thinking critically, one of the skills
while the purposeconsidersthe overall point of the you need to develop is the clear identificationof
information.The following questions can help you the origin and purpose of different sources.
to understandwhat to write when asked about this:

I What does 't mean to be a global cruzen7 13

 the disposal of
•nthe case study
POLLUTION - As discussedaffecting the seas and oceans, but
plastic IS a major pollutant Into waters causing
matenals deposited can
there are many other affecting manne life, pollution
As well as Particularly
other problems consumption of fish
also affect humans through cherrucalfertilizers, sewage
problematicpollutants Include
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES and Oil
OF PLASTIC IN THE OCEANS?
I Harmful to wildlife GHOST FISHING -
This IS a problem
One of the most catastrophic consequences of plastic OVER-FISHING - caused by old
This IS where an fishing nets that are
pollution IS to wildlife. Manne annals can choke on
area of the ocean What are left In the seas after
pieces of plastic In the seas and oceans, often leading or sea IS fished some of the being discardedor
to death. Plastic can entangle animals causing them beyond its problems lost by fishers.
capability to facing the Different species of
serious Injury. recoverthe seas and marine life get
numbersof fish oceans? stuck In the nets,
lost This leads to eventually leading
2 Environmental damage mapr Issues With to starvation or
the ecosystem suffocation (see
A Wide variety of environments can be affected by Figure 1 11).
plastic pollution. As plastic does not break down easily
it stays In the same place for a long time. The Impact
ts evident on many beaches around the world, landfill SHARK FINNING - This issue affects sharks whose fins are
sliced off to be used in shark fin soup. This practice has led
Sites and the collection of plastic In the oceans. to a numberof species of shark becoming endangered, for
Instance, the hammerhead shark The practice usually
involvescutting the fins off the shark and then discarding the
3 Plastic takes a long time to break down live shark back Into the water, where It IS unable to swim
properlyand at risk of suffocattonv
The big problem of plastic pollution IS getting It to
break down. Plastic, unlike other materials, does not • Figure 1.10Some of the problemsfacing the seas
degrade fully This means that If plastic IS dropped as and oceans
litter. It IS likely to remain Intact for a long time Added
to this problem IS the throwaway culture In which
plastic IS often used. For Instance, water bottles are
often used only once and then thrown away, making
these environmental Issues more severe.

4 Health consequences for humans

Plastic can also be harmful to human health If it
ends up in the food chain. Although research Into
the effects of plastic on human health IS still in its
early stages, there are concerns about how the scale
of plastic in our natural environments Will affect
human health
Figure 1.11 Ghost fishing

indiAduals & Soaeves for the 1BM

YP 1 by Concept
WHAT ARE THE SOLUTIONS TO PLASTIC IN THE OCEANS?
1 Reduce 4 Legal action
One of the easest ways to Improve the conditions of Governments hold huge power to help reduce the
the envronment due to plastic disposal IS smply to plastic problem. Laws can be passed which give people
tse less plastic Instead of purchasng single-use plastic greater environmental responsibility International
water bottles. a reusable water bottle can significantly organizations like the United Nations can also Initiate
reduce wastage By being more conscious of what we more global responsibility towards the environment
and how vve dispose of It we can have positive Individuals can campajgn to their local and national
effects on the environment govemment representatives to take more action to
Improve environments.
2 Recycle
Plastc can be used more than once Therefore, one 5 Technology
way of reductng the Impact of plastic use on the New technologies could also be a solution by finding
environment ts through recycling For Instance. a plastic new products In the future or developing technology
bag can be recycled and used numerous times for to clean up the seas and oceans. For Information on
shopping. Plastic can be sorted for disposal and then some of these solutions VISItthis website:
rey•cled for different uses tn local facilities www theoceancleanup com

3 Clean up
Another way to reduce the Impact of plastic on the DISCUSS
environment can be seen through efforts to actually 'The oceans and seas are the shared responsibility
dean It up. This can be done by Individuals and local of all countries.'
communities but also on national and global scales In groups, discuss this statement. Do you agree
Beach clear-tAJpsare a good example of this In action. or disagree? What do you think are some of the
major challenges with this concept? How do you
think the issues affecting the ocean connect to
the key concept of global interactions?

REFLECTION: Solutions
Copy and complete this table to reflect on possible solutions that could be carried out on a personal, local
and global level.

Local Global
What can I do as an individual What could my bcaJ community What could national governments and global
to makea differenceto this do to make a differenceto this organizattonsdo to make a differenceto this
enwronmentalissue? environmentalissue? environmentalissue?

1 What does It mean to be a global atrzen?

ENVIRONMENTAL CASE STUDY 2 - SEE-THINK-
DEFORESTATION WONDER
Deforestation refers to the loss of, and lack of replacementof, forests Look at Figure 1.13.
around the world Trees can be replaced by replanting, but the speed of of
Why might the removal
deforestation and the way the land is being used afterwards makes this a for the
trees create problems
global issue. Deforestation occurs for a variety of reasons, often the land IS
water cycle?
cleared to make way for farms or the construction or extenstonof towns
and cities. The trees themselves are valuable to many different industries
where the wood can be used to make variousproductsor for commercial
purposes. Also, a lot of tree disposal is done through illegal logging, which
is difficult to control.

Trees provide plenty of shade, Trees absorb carbon dioxide and

which cools the planet release oxygen into the atmosphere

Trees provide homes

Trees absorb water
for a diverse range
so help to prevent of wildlife
flooding

Trees improve the look of

differentenvironments

Figure 1.12 The Importance of trees

Individuals & Societies for the 1BMY P 1

16 by Concept
 DEFORESTATION?
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF
Disturbanceto the water cycle
Trees play a crucial role in this cycle
The water cycle refers to the movement of water on Earth

Cotsdensatton- The processIhat Evaporat•cxt The processof Tiarv,ptratton- The process of

- The Of leadsto the clouds, walt'f liqutd 10 enter on treesand plants
to the the watef (bar-oe•,troat vapout to vapo.jr. this can happen over Chanqtng from Ivqu«lto vapour
tan snow.hailor i»qutddue to thn process land and at sea

condensation

transpiration

evaporation

off Run off —The movementof

HWaoon - The processof water along or under the ground
pass•nginto the ground

• Figure 1.13 The water cycle

Environmental consequences Singapore reached Its record level for air pollution
dunng this time
Deforestation often takes place to make room for
farmng. A technique used to destroy large areas of Trees also absorb carbon dioxide and give out oxygen
forest is known as Slash and burn' This is a basic By reducing the number of trees In the world we are
technique effectively burrmngaway large areas of increasng the carbon dioxide level, thought to be a
major cause of climate change.
forest The technique has been used throughout the
history of farming but ts Widely criticized because
of Its negative effects on the environment. In 2013,
Loss of homes
there was a pollution cnsis called the South East Asian Trees are home to a huge variety of wildlife and there
Haze, which was thought to be caused by slash and are also many human communities who live in forests
barn techniques. Forested land was being targeted for and rely on them for their way of life The destruction
burning In areas of Indonesia, which led to a haze that of rainforests has been seen to cause particularly acute
affected the air quality of numerous nearby countries. Issues for wildlife and tribal communities.

What does It mean to be a global citizen? 17

 WHAT ARE SOME OF THE SOLUTIONS TO DEFORESTATION?
Sustainable practices
One solution to the issue of deforestationis the
widespread use of more sustainable practices for
cutting down the forests. Sustainability means having
a balance within a system so It can last into the future
By replanting trees after others have been cut down
and not clear-cutting huge areas, there is more chance
of a manageable solution to this Issue.

Targeting illegal logging

A key Issue with deforestation IS illegal loggtng
This is logging of trees that has not been allowed
or sanctioned by a particular government.People
do this to make quick profits without considering
the environmental implications This issue can be
addressed by raising awareness of these practices
and using certification to demonstrate that trees sold
commercially have been cut down legally

Reforestation
Another solution to deforestation IS reforestation That
large scale
is, simply put, the replanting of trees on a
improve
This IS destgned to improve the atmosphere, to
environments and to provide additional resources. It is
also a technique to help to stop the spreadof deserts.
The Great Green Wall in the Sahara desert region
China are projects
of Afrtca, and the Green Wall of
countnes make
designed for this exact purpose. Some
constantly improve
reforestation a legal requirement to
also non-governmental
the environment. There are
reforestation;one example
organizations working at
Project,which IS part of the Figure 1.14 Planting new trees on a large
of this is the Million Tree scale can help
solve the problems caused by deforestation
organization Roots and Shoots.

Individuals & Societies for the 1B

MYP 1 by Concept
 ACTIVITY: Deforestation
ATL
Information literacy skills - Present information
Greening of urban areas in a variety of formats and platforms
Many urban areas have parks within them, which
make a big difference to the overall quality of the 1 Copy and complete the following table.
environmentwithin the particular area Governments List the Explain the Reflect on
can choose to plant more trees In urban areas to reasons why consequences the possible
deforestation is of solutions to
improvethe environment Innovativedesigns can this issue.
a global issue. deforestation.
be used to bring trees and greenery Into unusual
locations For example, In New York City, the High
Line Urban Park IS a disused elevated railway line that
has been converted Into a green space In Singapore, The command terms for this task are
designers have pioneered vertical gardens, where highlighted below
greenery IS grown up the Side of buildings to Improve List —Give a sequence of brief answers With
the environment and bring about a range of benefits no explanation
Explain - Give a detailed account Including
reasons or causes
Reflect —Think about deeply, consider
Definitions from 1BMYB Individuals and societies
guide, 2014

2 Design an infographicabout deforestation.

7. The infographic should use visuals to represent
different facts about this global issue. The
infographic could include the following:
• causes of deforestation
• consequences to the environment and
people
• possible solutions.

Assessment opportunities:
In this activity you have practised skills that
are assessedusing Criterion A: Knowing and
understanding and Criterion C: Communicating.
Figure 1.15 The High Line Urban Park In New York City

I What does It mean to be a global citizen)

 What are human rights? Fundamental violations
of human rights always
less human
fee"aq less and
leads to people
Aung San Suu Kyi

To deny people the•r hurnan rtqhlS

ts to chaflenqe ther very humanity
The nghts of every man are
drr,rntshed when the nghts of Nelson Mandela
one man are threatened
John F Kennedy

Freedom IS a timeless value The I-Invted

Nations Charter calls for encouraging
respect for fundamental freedoms The
Unversal Declaration of Human Rights
mentionsfreedom more than twenty
tames An countrtes have committed
Figure 1.16 What are human rights? to protecting tndMdual freedoms on
paper - but In practice, too many break
thetrpledge
THINK-PAIR-SHARE Ban Ki-moon
What do you understand by the term 'human rights'?
Discuss the different messages of the quotations in Figure 1 16.

In the late 1940s, the world was still recoveringfrom the extremitiesof
the Second World War The war had led to the death of many millions
and had made the world more aware of the need for peace, cooperation
and better rights and conditions for people One of the organizations
created as a result of the conflict was the United Nations (UN) The
UN IS an Internationalorganization committed to promoting peace,
tolerance and cooperation among people across the world. One of the
early developments of the UN was to publish a statement known as the
Unversal Declaration of Human Rights. This was presented in 1948 and
is vjewed by many as a foundation for how people should expect to
be treated across the world. Subsequently, It IS often referred to when
considering the topc of human rights.

Ind.vlduals& Souetles for the IE

MYF' 1 by Concept
 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
SIMPLIFIED VERSION
'Implificd verti0H of the 30 Article. of the Universal Veclaration of Human Rights has been created etpeeially for •roun peoplc

1 we are all born free and equal We are all born free We all have our own thought' and ifar
We 'hould all be treated in the way

2 t di'»cnmjnate Then rights belon to everybody whatever ovr difference:

3 The nghl to life We all have the rlqht to life, and fo live in freedm and safety

4 No slavery Nobodyhat any rioht to make us a slave We cannot Make anyoneour 'lave

5 No torture Nobodyhas right to hurt or to torture us

5 You have nghts no matterwhere you go I am a penon just like you!

7 We are all equal before the Law The law is the samefor everyone It treat all fairly

8 Your human nghts are protected by law We can all ask for the law to help when we are not treated fairly

9 No unfa•rdetainment Nobody has the right to put ut in prison without good reason and keep ut there. or to
send us away from our country

10 The nght to tnal If we are put on trial this should be In public. The peoplewho try ut should not let
anyone tell what to do.

Il We ace always Innocent till proven guilty Nobodyshould be blamedfor doing something until if i' proven. When peoplesay we
did a badthing we havethe right to Show it i' not trve.

12 The nght to pnvaq Nobodyshouldtry to harm our goodname Nobodyhat the right to com into our
home.open our letters. or bother vs or our family without a good reason

13 Freedom to move We all have the right to go where we want in our own country and to travel at we with

14 The nght to seek a safe place to live If we are frightened of beinq badly treated in our own country we all have the right
to run away to another country to be safe.

15 Right to a natjonatrty We all have the right to belong to a country.

Figure 1.17 Simplified version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

ACTIVITY: Human rights cartoon strip

ATL
Creative-thinking skills —Create original works and ideas;
use existing works and ideas in new ways

Create a cartoon strip based on one of the rights from the list
(Figure 1 17).The cartoon strip should summarize, through a story
with characters,an example of one of the rights being broken and
should explain the features of the particular right.

1 What does It mean to be a giobai citizen?

 What are some
of the
human rights issues
facing children?

Unfortunately. there are

still a range of
tssues across the world human fights SOURCE A
that affect people
ways One group that In different his experiences as a
IS particularly at Myint Khine, aged 17,speaking about
Children can often be threat IS children
seen to be more at nsk child soldier in Myanmar
human nghts abuses from scraped my shins and
as they are more '"They put me in a pitch black cell,
members of vulnerable electrocuted my legs
soaety In many parts electrocutedmew they tied me up and
are employed to work
of the world, children my legs again
in factones or on and if that did not work, they would scrape
having to work for hours farms, often
on end without free • broken glass
play With fnends or rest. time to They would then force me to kneel on
thing is
Issues with child labour
tend to with my arms in an airplane position. The worst
be worse in poorer this... until I
countries where children
are often that they would beat me with a stick after
relied on to bring Income
Into a household They may be fell unconscious.
helping thetr parents by
working on farms, or collecting "They would shove a huge piece of fish and chili paste in
food and water from different
areas. my mouth and I had to hold it... I wanted to commit suicide.
Some children are even I just wanted to die'
recruited to work as soldiers
and face very difficult conditions. 'Myint Khlne claims he was forced to serve in the state
Despite International
efforts to reduce this practice, armed forces by recruitmentofficials, who used his father's
there are still children
working as soldiers. Often they are trajned politically active background as a threat against him and
to kill and
may experience violence towards themselves his family. He said that prior to being conscripted he was
Including
torture and sexual abuse. detainedand severely torturedfor six months because of
his family background. He was made to serve in the army
There are multiple organizations working to raise despite his poor eyesight and chronic health problems.'
awareness of the conditions facing children around
the world. The United Nations International Children's
Emergency Fund (UNICEF), for instance, is committed
to working to Improve human rights and conditionsfor
children globally Conditions for children can suddenly
EXTENSION
worsen If a war or natural disaster strikes. Children can Do some research into the work of UNICEF
often be left displaced, without a home or sometimes and explore the different issues that it is
without parents. This puts them at high rtsk jn campaigning for. Investigate the ways in
which you can make a difference.
particular societies.

22 IndWl(iuals & Soaetles for tine 1B (VIYP

I by Concept
 ACTIVITY: Source
investigation
SOURCE B ATL

Information literacy skills

Rwanda
- Access information to be
Central informed and inform others

1 According to Source A and

Source C, what are some of
the difficulties experienced
Nepal
by Myint and Alejandra?
2 Look at the graph
Gnana in Figure 1 18 What
information does the graph
Gurp.aBrssau give us? Why may poorer
(or developing) countries be
Faso
more likely to have higher
Zarr•.bta levels of child labour?

Cnetoon Figure 1.18 Percentage of

children between the ages of S
Sornaln and 14 employed In child labour,
10 highest countrtes (data from
10 20 30 40 60 UNICEF 2014)

SOURCE C
Description of a chijd worker's typical day collecting mol/uscs from a swamp in El Salvador
'Twelve-year-old Alejandra is woken up at four in the morning by her father, Don Jose She does not go to school, but goes to
collect curiles, small molluscs In the mangrove swamps on the island of Espiritu Santo in Usulutan, El Salvador
'In the rush to get to work, Alepndra does not take time to eat breakfast It is more important to make sure she has the things
she needs to make it through a workday that can mean spending up to 14 hours in the mud. These items include about a dozen
cigars and at least four pills to keep her from falling asleep. A good part of the money that she earns goes to buy these things.
'In the mangrove swamp without shoes, Alejandra has to face bad weather, mosquito bites and cuts and scrapes from
having to pull the curiles out from deep in the mud The cigars help to repel the mosquitoes, but when she runs out of cigars
Alejandra has to put up with the insects as she moves from branch to branch and from one area to another in search of
shells. When she returns from work, her body is nearly always covered with bites.
'She earns very little. If she is lucky in one day Alejandra manages to collect two baskets of curiles (150 shells), worth little more
than 12 colones, or S140. Alejandra, who has seven younger brothersand sisters, has no time to go to school or play with other
children.Anyway, she prefers not to play with other children because they say she smells bad and exclude her from their games
for being a curilesworker Little by little Alejandra has lost her self-esteem. Like the other childrenwho work collecting curiles,she
feels separate from the rest of society. For Alejandra, life seems like a tunnel with no exit.'

1 What does It mean to be a global citizen?

CASE STUDY - THE UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL
GOALS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
In September 2015, the UN launched the Global Goals, a set of targets
for the world over the next 15 years (figure 1.19) The alms of these goa's
Include ending extreme poverty, tackling climatechange and getting rid
of Inequality
Although launched by an International organization, the only way
that these goals can be successful IS If there action by individuals,
organizations and governments around the world to commit to
these practices

SUSTAINABLE
v DEVELOPMENT
17 GOALS TO TRANSFORM OUR WORLD

CLUB WATER

MM IMIj
EczcGR0WJH

ACTION cnowwmtn mSIRONG

SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
GOALS
Figure 1.19 Global Goals for Sustainable Development from the UN

Individuals & Societies for the

MYP 1 by Concept
EXTENSION Take action
What is the roteof Create a class project on 'The Global Goals' Consider how you could
international organizations support the goals in different ways in your school or local community.
in tackling global issues? Resourcesto help with this can be accessed by searching for
using an intemetsearchengine

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT TASK: Presentation on

an issue facing your local community
ATL 4 Create your presentation(rememberto
include evidence to support your points. Keep
Communication skills —use a variety of it visual to engage your audience).
speaking techniquesto communicatewith a 5 Presentyour work to your teacher and peers.
variety of audiences
Critical-thinkingskills - Gather and organize Examples of issues in a local community that you
relevant information to formulate an could you focus on,
argument litter problem and recycling schemes
beach clean-ups
Create a presentation on an issue in your local school environments
community. Think about some of the issues healthy eating
facing your local area; it could be environmental facilities for disabled people
or it could be to do with peopler Within your conditions for the elderly
presentation. clearly identify what the issue is, prejudice and/or discrimination in your
community
Steps for completing the task: pollution problems, traffic.
I Identify the issue (think about your local area,
talk to your family and friends to identify an
issue that you think needs attention).
2 Research the issue (start to take notes on
why you think it is an issue, think about the
causes and consequences). Assessment opportunities:
3 Collect evidence (this could be photographs. This activity can be assessed using Criterion B:
interviews with members of your community, Investigating (strands iii and iv) and Criterion C:
secondary research through online sources Communicating (strands i and ii).
or books).

1 What does it mean to be a global attzen?

Creating a questionnaire
Questionnaires are extremely
useful for gathering evidencethat you
can use in different assignments.
Creating a questionnaireusually
involves writing up a list of
questions that are answered by a cross
section of people. This task is a
good opportunity to practisecreating
questionnaires to find out about
conditions In your local community.
Hints for creating questionnaires
• Try to include different types of
questions,
• Try to sample a relatively large
number of people.
• Try to sample people of different ages.
• Think about the quality of your questions.
Different types of questions —qualitative and quantitative
REFLECTION: How
Qualitative questions are open-ended questions where the person
answering can say what they think in answer to the question. For can individuals
instance: make a difference
What do you think are the issuesfacing our local community? to others?
Createa mind map to answer
or
the question 'HOWcan
Write down five words to describeyour personality individuals make a difference
to others?' Think about a
They are not looking for a fixed response.
range of different ways that
Quantitative questions. on the other hand, are questionsthat ask for individuals can take action.
a specific response that can be measured and subsequentlyturned Once you have completed your
into a graph. For instance: mind map, share your ideas
5. with others in your class.
Please rate our local community's recycling schemesfrom I to
I Excellent 2 Good 3 Satisfactory 4 Poor S Very poor
Take action
or
waste?Circlethe
How often do you recycle your household Create a simulation role play
response that best fits. based on a human rights
Rarely issue. Put this together as a
Always Often Sometimes drama productionto show
type of the questionsthat are to your school community to
By thinking about the quality and in
great way of collecting evidence raise awarenessof the human
written, questionnaires can be a rights issue.
Individuals and Societies.
Reflection
As we have seen, there are many issues affecting people and the planet
ttut "ve on I here are solutions to promote posiljve change, but
for this to happen Individuals are required to take action and to
themselvesas global citizens
Use this table to reflect on your own learning in this chapter
we asked Answers we found Any further quesvons nov.t7
Factual What are some of the issues facing the world today?
HOWhave different environments been damaged by human
•coon?Whal are some of the human nghts l'.suesfactng
cn.idren•What is the role of international organtzatlons In
tackhnq global issues ?
Conceptual What meant by the term 'human rights'?

Debatable Can tndtvtdualschange the world?

How well did you master

the skills?

Description what new

Approaches to learning you used tn this chapter skills did you learn?
Communication skills

Creative-thinking skills

Critical-thinking skills

Information literacy skills

'Learner profile attribute(s) Reflecton the Importanceof canng for your learning in this
chapter
Caring

1 What does mean to be a global citizen?