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HTML Notes

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating and designing webpages, providing the basic structure through various elements and tags. It includes essential components like tags, attributes, and common elements such as forms, links, and images, as well as new features introduced in HTML5. Understanding HTML is crucial for web development as it defines the structure and content of websites.

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3 views

HTML Notes

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating and designing webpages, providing the basic structure through various elements and tags. It includes essential components like tags, attributes, and common elements such as forms, links, and images, as well as new features introduced in HTML5. Understanding HTML is crucial for web development as it defines the structure and content of websites.

Uploaded by

devjorhat987
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to create and design webpages. It provides
the basic structure of websites and web applications, consisting of various elements and tags to define content,
structure, and layout.

Here are some important points about HTML:

1. Structure of HTML

• HTML uses tags to mark up content and define its structure.


• Basic HTML structure includes:
• <!DOCTYPE html>
• <html>
• <head>
• <meta charset="UTF-8">
• <title>Title of the document</title>
• </head>
• <body>
• <!-- Content goes here -->
• </body>
• </html>

2. HTML Tags

• Tags are enclosed in angle brackets (< >), and most tags come in pairs (opening and closing tags), like:
o <p> and </p> for paragraphs.
o <h1> to <h6> for headings (from most important <h1> to least important <h6>).
o <a> and </a> for hyperlinks.
o <img> for images (self-closing tag).
o <ul> and <ol> for unordered and ordered lists, respectively.

3. Attributes

• HTML tags can have attributes that provide additional information about an element. Common attributes
include:
o id: A unique identifier for an element.
o class: Used to group elements for styling with CSS.
o href: Defines the URL in anchor (<a>) tags for hyperlinks.
o src: Defines the source URL for images in <img> tags.
o alt: Provides alternative text for images if the image cannot be displayed.

4. Common HTML Elements

• Text Elements:
o <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, ... <h6>: Headings
o <p>: Paragraph
o <b>: Bold text
o <i>: Italic text
o <br>: Line break
o <strong>: Strong importance (usually bold)
o <em>: Emphasized text (usually italic)
o <u>: Underlined text
• List Elements:
o <ul>: Unordered (bulleted) list
o <ol>: Ordered (numbered) list
o <li>: List item (used inside <ul> or <ol>)
• Table Elements:
o <table>: Defines a table
o <tr>: Table row
o <td>: Table data (cell)
o <th>: Table header
• Forms and Input Elements:
o <form>: Container for form elements
o <input>: Input fields for text, buttons, checkboxes, etc.
o <textarea>: Multi-line text input
o <button>: Button element
o <select>: Dropdown list
o <label>: Label for input fields

5. Links and Images

• Links: <a> tag is used to create hyperlinks:


• <a href="https://www.example.com">Click Here</a>
• Images: <img> tag is used to display images:
• <img src="image.jpg" alt="Description of image">

6. Forms in HTML

• Forms are used to collect user input:


• <form action="submit.php" method="post">
• <label for="name">Name:</label>
• <input type="text" id="name" name="name">
• <input type="submit" value="Submit">
• </form>

7. HTML5 New Features

• Semantic Elements: These tags provide meaningful structure to a webpage:


o <header>: Defines the header of a page.
o <nav>: Defines a navigation section.
o <section>: Represents a generic section in a document.
o <article>: Represents an independent section of content.
o <footer>: Defines the footer of a page or section.
• Multimedia Support:
o <audio>: Embeds audio content.
o <video>: Embeds video content.
• Input Types: HTML5 introduced new input types for forms, such as date, email, url, etc.
• Canvas: <canvas> element allows for dynamic, scriptable rendering of 2D shapes and bitmap images.

8. HTML Comments
• Comments in HTML are used for documentation and are ignored by browsers:
• <!-- This is a comment -->

9. HTML Entities

• HTML entities represent special characters that cannot be typed directly in HTML, such as:
o &lt; for < (less than)
o &gt; for > (greater than)
o &amp; for & (ampersand)
o &quot; for " (double quote)

10. HTML Validation

• It is essential to ensure that HTML is properly structured for accessibility, compatibility, and SEO.
HTML validators check for syntax errors and enforce standards.

11. Accessibility (a11y)

• Proper use of semantic HTML helps improve the accessibility of websites. It makes the content more
understandable and navigable for people with disabilities, such as those using screen readers.

Conclusion:

HTML is the backbone of web development, providing the basic framework for web pages. While it is often
used alongside CSS (for styling) and JavaScript (for interactivity), HTML remains central to defining the
structure and content of websites. Understanding HTML's tags, attributes, and best practices is crucial for
anyone working in web development.

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