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Ac regulator lab repport

The document details a lab experiment on single-phase AC regulators, focusing on SCR dimmers for resistive (R) and resistive-inductive (RL) loads. It includes objectives, definitions, experimental results, and discussions on waveform behavior and power calculations. The findings enhance understanding of AC voltage controllers and their operation under varying conditions.

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bassmalabaraa
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5 views

Ac regulator lab repport

The document details a lab experiment on single-phase AC regulators, focusing on SCR dimmers for resistive (R) and resistive-inductive (RL) loads. It includes objectives, definitions, experimental results, and discussions on waveform behavior and power calculations. The findings enhance understanding of AC voltage controllers and their operation under varying conditions.

Uploaded by

bassmalabaraa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab 04

Single phase AC regulator

Submitted by :
CHEBRI Basmala
CHIHEB Selsabile
MOURI Lysa

Submitted to :
Mr Khebbab.
▪ Objectives :
- Understand the operation of single- phase SCR dimmer supplying a R and RL load.
- Representation and description of the current and voltage waveforms for different
firing angles α.
▪ Definition :
An AC regulator is an electronic device used to control the voltage level of alternating
current (AC) power supplied to electrical devices or systems. It adjusts the output voltage to
maintain a constant level regardless of fluctuations in the input voltage or load variations.

▪Experiment:
1. Resistive Load (R):
a) Veff=45V ; R=100Ω
b) Visualization on the oscilloscope:
α Vc Ic Vth

30°

60°

90°
150°

• Reproduced waveforms:

c) The average values of voltage across the load :


α 30° 60° 90° 150°
Ucavg 0V 0V 0V 0V
Icavg 0.8mA 0.8mA 0.66mA 0.23mA
2. Inductive Load :
a) L=100mH
b)
α Vc Ic Vth

30°

60°

90°

150°
c)
α 30° 60° 90° 150°
Ucavg 1.33V 1.32V 0.7V 0.3V
Icavg 0.6mA 0.8mA 0.8mA 0.8mA
• Reproduced graphs:

▪ Report:
- Describing the different wave form obtained for R and RL load:
Resistive Load:
For a resistive load, the current through the load is in phase with the voltage. This means
that the waveform obtained at the output of the regulator closely resembles the input voltage
waveform. The regulator controls the output voltage level by adjusting the conduction angle
of the switching devices (such as thyristors or SCRs) in the circuit. By varying the phase
angle at which the switches conduct, the effective voltage applied to the resistive load is
controlled.
In this case, the waveform obtained at the output for a resistive load typically maintains the
same fundamental frequency as the input waveform, with variations in amplitude to achieve
the desired output voltage level.
Inductive Load:
For an inductive load, such as a motor or transformer, the current lags behind the voltage
due to the inductive nature of the load. This lagging current introduces additional complexity
in waveform control compared to resistive loads.

- Operation principle:
R-Load:
o For (α<wt<π): Th1 becomes passing and Th2 remains blocked so the output
voltage will be same source voltage (input).
Vc=Vs, Ic=Vs/R, Vth1=Vth2=0
o For (π<wt<π+α): Thyristor Th1 is subjected to a negative voltage so it is not
bootable and thyristor Th2 is subjected to positive voltage and therefore it is unbootable
(0 < θ< α), so a pulse is sent to thyristor Th2.
Vc=0, Ic=0, Vth1=-Vth2=Vs
o For (π+α<wt): Th1 remains blocked and Th2 becomes passing so the output
voltage will be
same source voltage (input).
Vc=Vs, Ic=Vs/R, Vth1=Vth2=0
RL-Load:
In an inductive load the phase shift ϕ between current and voltage, allows to
delay the cancellation of the current for which the thyristor Th1 hangs at angle β instead
of π, and the thyristor Th2 hangs at the angle π+β instead of 2π, with β is always less
than π+ α. And β represents the current cancellation angle.
o For (β-π<wt): the permanent regime was considered Thyristor Th1 is subjected to
positive voltage so it is bootable and thyristor Th2 is subjected to a negative
voltage and therefore it is unbootable, so one sends a thyristor pulse Th1.
Vc=0, Ic=0, Vth1=-Vth2=Vs
o For (α<wt<β):
Th1 becomes passing and Th2 remains blocked so the output voltage will be the same
voltage from the source (input)
o For (β<wt<π+α): Thyristor Th1 is subjected to a negative voltage so it is
unbootable and thyristor Th2 is subjected to a positive voltage and therefore it is
unbootable , (0< θ< α), one sends so an impulse to thyristor Th2.
Vc=0, Ic=0, Vth1=-Vth2=Vs
o For (π+α<wt<β+π): Th1 remains blocked and Th2 thus becomes passing the
output voltage will be the same source voltage (input).

- Expressions of the effective voltage and current:


➢ For R load :

𝑉𝑚 𝛼 sin⁡(2𝛼)
𝑉𝑐𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √1 − +
√2 𝜋 2𝜋

𝑉𝑐𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝐼𝑐𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
𝑅

➢ For RL :

Φ is the load power factor angle and is given by tan−1(ωL/ R )


β is the angle at which i(t ) falls to zero
- Expression of the power :
2
𝑉𝑐𝑟𝑚𝑠 2
𝑉𝑚 𝛼 sin(2𝛼)
𝑃= =2𝑅 (1 − 𝜋 + )
𝑅 2𝜋
- Discussion :
We see that the results obtained mathematically are consistent
with the theoretical study of dimmers, it is clear that the average value remains zero, and
in the case of RL load it is clear that the phase shift between voltage and current
exists (voltage is negative for π<wt)
- Conclusion:
In our lab we can demonstrated the operation and performance of a single-phase AC
voltage controller with resistive (R) and resistive-inductive (RL) loads. The setup
utilized firing circuits to control the power flow by triggering SCRs at specific angles
from the zero crossing of the input voltage.
There are some observation:
*Typical voltage and current waveforms for the AC voltage controller with R and RL loads.
*Calculation and comparison of theoretical and practical RMS output voltages under
different firing angles and load conditions
The results of this lab experiment contribute to a better understanding of the operation of
single-phase AC voltage controllers.

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