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Lesson 2 Whole Numbers Multiples and Factors Using Prime Factorization to Find LCM and HCF

This lesson focuses on using prime factorization to find the Least Common Multiple (LCM) and Highest Common Factor (HCF) of whole numbers. Students will learn the importance of these concepts in real-life applications and practice determining LCM and HCF through examples and group activities. The lesson includes definitions, historical context, and practice questions to reinforce understanding.

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22 views3 pages

Lesson 2 Whole Numbers Multiples and Factors Using Prime Factorization to Find LCM and HCF

This lesson focuses on using prime factorization to find the Least Common Multiple (LCM) and Highest Common Factor (HCF) of whole numbers. Students will learn the importance of these concepts in real-life applications and practice determining LCM and HCF through examples and group activities. The lesson includes definitions, historical context, and practice questions to reinforce understanding.

Uploaded by

mazibukorefilwem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 2:

Topic: Whole Numbers: Multiples and Factors – Using Prime Factorization to Find LCM and
HCF

Duration: 25 minutes

Objectives: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

• Understand and apply prime factorization to express numbers as products of prime


factors.
• Determine the Least Common Multiple (LCM) and Highest Common Factor (HCF) of
given numbers using prime factorization.
• Apply the concepts of LCM and HCF to solve real-world problems.

Introduction (Why This Topic Matters)

Purpose: Understanding multiples and factors is important in various real-life scenarios, such as
scheduling events, simplifying fractions, and solving problems involving repeated patterns.

History/Context: The method of prime factorization dates back to ancient Greek mathematics,
where scholars like Euclid studied the properties of numbers and their factors.

"Have you ever wondered how to determine the optimal number of teams for a tournament or how
to synchronize repeating events? The concepts of LCM and HCF can help us solve these problems
efficiently."

YouTube Video

What are Prime Numbers???


Definitions and Core Concepts

• Prime Factorization: Expressing a number as a product of its prime numbers. For


example, 60 = 2² × 3 × 5.

• Highest Common Factor (HCF): The largest number that divides two or more
numbers without leaving a remainder.

• Least Common Multiple (LCM): The smallest number that is a multiple of two or
more numbers.

• Example:

o Find the prime factorization of 36 and 48:

▪ 36 = 2² × 3²

▪ 48 = 2⁴ × 3

o HCF: Multiply the lowest powers of all common prime factors: 22 × 3 = 12

o LCM: Multiply the highest powers of all prime factors present: 2⁴ × 3² = 144

YouTube Video

Prime Factorisation (Ladder Method).


Practice Questions

Question 1

1.1 Find the prime factorization of 24 and 36.


1.2 Determine the HCF and LCM of 12 and 15 using prime factorization.

Question 2

2.1 Three friends exercise every 12, 15, and 20 days respectively. If they all exercised
together today, in how many days will they all exercise together again?

2.2 A factory has two machines that beep every 18 and 24 minutes respectively. If they
beeped together at 8:00 AM, when will they beep together again?

Group Activity:

In small groups, students will create a short presentation or video explaining the steps to
find the LCM and HCF of two numbers using prime factorization. They can use creative
analogies or real-life scenarios to illustrate the concepts.

Questions and Answers (Student Engagement)

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