Server and Systems

Administration
Instructor : KWIZERA Ildephonse
 Installing Windows Server 2016
• This is a guide for installing Windows Server 2016. If you already have
Server 2016 installed and you would like to configure it, please see one of the
articles below.
 Windows server requirement
• The specific requirements for a Windows Server installation, as well as the
choice of server management and virtualization software, can vary
depending on the edition of Windows Server and the intended use case.
Here are some general guidelines:
 Hardware Requirements:
To install Windows Server 2019, you'll need the following minimum system requirements:
• Processor: 1.4 GHz 64-bit EMT64 or AMD64 processor that supports LAHF/SAHF,
CMPXCHG16b, and PrefetchWNeeds
• Disk space: 64 GB or more for better performance and to allow for more features and
roles to be installed
• Disk controller: PCI Express compliant disk controller
• RAM: 2 GB or more of RAM for better performance, especially when running multiple
roles or virtual machines.
• Network: Gigabit Ethernet adapter with 1 Gbps throughput
 Software Requirements:
• Operating System: Windows Server editions (e.g., Windows Server
2008,2012, 2016, 2019)
• Network: A configured network connection
• Domain Join: For a domain controller role, the server needs to be joined to
a domain
 Installation instructions for Windows
Server 2016
• Download the ISO file of the Windows Server 2016 operating system and
put it on USB or burn it to CD/DVD.
• Insert the USB or DVD containing the Windows Server 2016 boot drive into
the system and restart the system. From the BIOS menu, click
the logic option and select the DVD drive or USB option to boot.
Note: If you are installing Windows Server 2016 on a PC, you must create
and configure a virtual machine, or VMware. To run Windows Server 2016
on a virtual machine, you must attach the corresponding ISO or DVD file to
the virtual machine.
 1) Boot into the installation media
• After booting the Windows Server 2016 operating system, specify the
installation language, time and format, and keyboard language on the
Windows Setup page, and start the main steps of the Windows Server 2016
installation by selecting Next.
2) Click Install Now
 License key
• This step is for the condition that you have a license key. If you are installing
Windows Server 2016 on a PC or server for the first time, you need to enter
a valid Windows product key. Since we do not have a license key in this
tutorial, skip this step by selecting “I don’t have a product key” and continue
to the next step.
 3) Choose the version
• At this step, you should choose the right version of Windows based on your
goals and preferences. The difference between Windows Server 2016 versions is
the number of users they support. The Datacenter version is suitable for cloud,
network, and virtual environments. The only difference between the Standard
version and the datacenter version of Windows Server 2016 is the number of
virtual servers. The data center version supports more virtual servers. On this
page, you will see four versions of Windows Server 2016 as follows:
 3) Choose the version
• Windows Server 2016 Standard Version: It is the same as the Core version
without a graphic environment. The Core environment is one of the environments
that you need to use remote commands and software to manage.
Windows Server 2016 Standard Desktop Experience version: This version has a
graphical environment.
Windows Server 2016 DataCenter version: This version does not support the
graphical environment like the Core environment.
Windows Server 2016 Datacenter Desktop Experience version: It has a
graphical environment.
 3) Choose the version
• Choose the version that fits your license and your needs then click Enter
• Please Note: Choosing Windows Server 2016 Standard or Windows Server
2016 Datacenter will install without a desktop experience. This was
previously known as Server Core. If you would like the GUI, make sure to
choose one of the options with (Desktop Experience).
 4) Accept the license terms
• Click the I accept the license terms checkbox and click Next
 5) Choose your installation type
• We are assuming Windows Server is not installed on this machine. At this
stage, you have two options to choose from: 1. Upgrade: Install Windows
and keep files, settings, and applications 2. Custom: Install Windows only
(advanced)
• Choose Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)
 6) Choose the drive
• It’s time to choose a hard disk to Set up Windows Server 2016. Select the
hard disk on which you intend to install Windows Server 2016. You may
have pre-partitioned drives, but if you want to allocate unpartitioned storage
space for Windows Server 2016 installation.
• Select the drive you would like to install to and click Next
 Choose the drive cont’
• Select one of the drives and select the Format option and then Ok. Then
select another drive and click Format and OK again. Select drive 0 portions
1 and click on the delete option and repeat the same for the other drive and
put them in a single drive and partition.
 Choose the drive cont’
• Finally, partition this drive to install Windows Server 2016. Our goal is to
consolidate all of our partitions into one format, which is why we are getting
a completely fresh installation.
 Choose the drive cont’
• Select the New option for custom partitioning on the selected hard disk.
• Then you will be faced with options for customizing the drive, where you
can specify the amount of the drive-in megabytes according to your needs
and click the Apply button.
Choose the drive cont’
 Choose the drive cont’
• You will receive a warning based on allowing the system to create a drive for
system files, which you should click on the OK button. If you want to create
more drives, you can repeat the previous step several times and then click on
the Next button.
• After partitioning the hard disk, the system will start copying Windows files
to install Windows Server 2016, which may take 15-20 minutes depending on
the speed of your server.
7) Let the install complete
 8) Enter the administrator password
• Enter the password you would like to use for the administrator account then
click Finish or hit Enter
• We recommend setting a complex and safe password that consists of
numbers, letters, and symbols.
 9) Installation is now complete!
• You are now at the login screen
• You can now log in with the administrator credentials you created earlier
• Feel free to use the links at the top of the page to configure the server
 Installation is now complete!
• To access the login page, press the Ctrl+Alt+Del buttons Simultaneously and
enter the password you specified. Then press Enter.
 Installation is now complete!
• By pressing the Enter button, the desktop will be loaded, and finally, you will
succeed in installing Windows Server 2016. Welcome to the wonderful world
of Windows Server 2016.
 Booting
• Booting is the process of starting a computer and making it ready for use by
loading an operating system onto the main memory
• In the Booting, System will check all the hardware’s and Software’s those are
installed or Attached with the System and this will also load all Stored into
the ROM Chip for Running the System
 Requirement of successful Booting
• A successful server boot requires its BIOS, operating system and hardware
components and processes to function correctly; failure of any one of these
three elements will likely result in a failed boot sequence.
 Requirement of successful Booting
• Hardware: Ensure the server has a stable power supply and working components
(CPU, RAM, storage, etc.).
• BIOS/UEFI: Properly configured BIOS/UEFI settings, including boot order, are
essential for initializing hardware and selecting the boot device.
• Bootloader: A correctly configured bootloader (e.g., GRUB) is required to load the
operating system.
• Operating System: A valid and intact OS installation with a functional file system is
crucial.
• Kernel/Boot Process: The kernel must load properly, initializing drivers and essential
services.
 Requirement of successful Booting
• Device Drivers: Necessary drivers for hardware (e.g., network, storage) must load for system
functionality.
• Network Connectivity: Ensure proper configuration for network-based booting or services
(e.g., DHCP, DNS).
• Disk Integrity: The boot disk and system partitions should be healthy and properly mounted.
• Security: Secure Boot and authentication services must be configured if needed.
• System Services: Essential services and processes must be initialized correctly after boot.
• Diagnostics: Logs and tools should be available for troubleshooting boot issues.
• Redundancy (Optional): Use RAID or backup systems for high availability and uptime
 System Boot Process
• What happens between the time that the user powers up the computer
and when the icons appear on the desktop?
 System Boot Process
These tasks can be sequenced as:
• When the power gets ON, memory testing (RAM test) is performed.
• When this is OK, a boot loader program checks all H/W attached with computer
system. Such as keyboard, hard disk, CPU, etc.
• After listing H/Ws, the boot loader program searches for operating system in
secondary storage device. If it found, it calls the main program of operating system
and loads operating system into RAM.
• After successfully loading the operating system, it operating system prompt. If it is
Windows then a desktop is displayed with Start Button.
 Types of Booting
• Cold boot(Soft Booting):
• Warm Boot(Hard Booting):
 Types of Booting
• Cold boot(Soft Booting): Is described as a process of starting a computer
after switching it off. A good example is turning on a desktop computer after
power cable is plugged in.
When the power is switched OFF or the computer system OFF or the
computer system is shut down and again ON, then cold booting is performed.
All steps of booting are performed in this type of booting process.
 Types of Booting
Cold booting
 Types of Booting
• Warm Boot(Hard Booting): it is a method where the ‘operating system’ (OS) is
restarted without switching it off after a computer locks, freezes or crashes. This
type of booting is faster and helps the (OS) recover from errors easily.

When CTRL, ALT and DEL keys are press simultaneously, and then warm booting is
performed. The first step of booting process (memory test 0 is skipped, when this
booting is applied. Reset button can also be used for this type of booting
 Types of Booting
Warm Booting
 When To Perform A Warm boot ?
• After a new program is installed
• When the OS freezes.
• After installing external Hardware such as mouse, Keyboard.
 What is file system
• file system is a structured representation of data and a process that manages
how and where data on a storage disk, typically a hard disk drive (HDD), is
stored, accessed and managed
Example of file system in Windows
Types of file system in windows
 File system permissions
Notation and Description
▪ "r" means: read permission
▪ "w" means: write permission
▪ "x" means: execute permission
▪ - = no permission
File system permissions
File system permissions
File system permissions
File system permissions
File system permissions
File permission table
Thank you