ADVANCED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

UNIT-1 QUESTION BANK

Software Process and Agile Development

PART – A (One mark questions)

1. The most important feature of spiral model is

a)​ Requirement analysis.

b)​ Risk management.
c)​ Quality management.
d)​ Configuration management.

Answer: B

2. The worst type of coupling is

a)​ Data coupling.

b)​ Control coupling.
c)​ Stamp coupling.
d)​ Content coupling.

Answer: D.

3. The model in which the requirements are implemented by category is

a)​ Evolutionary Development Model

b)​ Waterfall Model
c)​ Prototyping
d)​ Iterative Enhancement Model

Answer: A
4. SRD stands for

a. Software requirements definition​

b. Structured requirements definition​
c. Software requirements diagram​
d. Structured requirements diagram

Answer: B.

5. A COCOMO model is

a. Common Cost Estimation Model.​

b. Constructive Cost Estimation Model.​
c. Complete Cost Estimation Model​
d. Comprehensive Cost Estimation Model.

Answer: B

6. In the spiral model ‘risk analysis’ is performed

a. In the first loop​

b. in the first and second loop​
c. In every loop​
d. before using spiral model

Answer: C

7. For a well understood data processing application it is best to use

a. The waterfall model​

b. prototyping model​
c. the evolutionary model​
d. the spiral model

Answer: A

9. The level at which the software uses scarce resources is

a. reliability​
b. efficiency​
c. portability​
d. all of the above

Answer: B.
11. The model that assumes that effort and development time are functions of product
size alone is

a. Basic COCOMO model​

b. Intermediate COCOMO model​
c. Detailed COCOMO model​
d. All the three COCOMO models

Answer: A

12. Structured charts are a product of

a. requirements gathering​
b. requirements analysis​
c. design​
d. coding

Answer: C

13. Software consists of

a. Set of instructions + operating procedures​

b. Programs + documentation + operating procedures​
c. Programs + hardware manuals​
d. Set of programs

Answer: B

16. Which is the most important feature of spiral model?

a. Quality management​
b. Risk management​
c. Performance management​
d. Efficiency management

Answer: B

17. Which phase is not available in software life cycle?

a. Coding​
b. Testing​
c. Maintenance​
d. Abstraction
Answer: D

18. Which is not a step of requirement engineering?

a. Requirements elicitation​
b. Requirements analysis​
c. Requirements design​
d. Requirements documentation

Answer: C

19. What are the three generic phases of software engineering?

a. Definition, development, support​

b. What, how, where​
c. Programming, debugging, maintenance​
d. Analysis, design, testing

Answer: A

20 The spiral model of software development

a. Ends with the delivery of the software product​

b. Is more chaotic than the incremental model​
c. Includes project risks evaluation during each iteration​
d. All of the above
Answer: C

21. Which of the items listed below is not one of the software engineering layers?

a. Process​
b. Manufacturing​
c. Methods​
d. Tools

Answer: B

22. Which of the following is not an attribute of software engineering

a. Efficiency.​
b. Scalability.​
c. Dependability.​
d. Usability.

Answer: C
23. Software engineering aims at developing ?

a. Reliable Software​
b. Cost Effective Software​
c. Reliable and cost effective Software​
d. None Of Above

Answer: C

24. Spiral Model was developed by?

a. Bev Littlewood​
b. Berry Bohem​
c. Roger Pressman​
d. Victor Bisili

Answer: B

25. The model remains operative until the software is retired ?

a. Waterfall​
b. Incremental​
c. Spiral​
d. None of these

Answer: C
 PART – B ( Two mark questions)

1.What is software engineering?

Software engineering is a discipline in which theories, methods and tools are applied to develop
professional software.

2. What are the various categories of software?

​
●​ System software
●​ Application software
●​ Engineering/Scientific software
●​ Embedded software
●​ Web Applications
●​ Artificial Intelligence software

3. Define software process

Software process is defined as the structured set of activities that are required to develop the
software system.

1.​An ARFF
(Attribute-Relation File
Format) file is an ASCII
text file that describes a list
of
2.​instances sharing a set of
attributes. It contains the
@relation tag, the attribute
information
3.​using @attribute, and a
@data line.
4.​An ARFF
(Attribute-Relation File
Format) file is an ASCII
text file that describes a list
of
5.​instances sharing a set of
attributes. It contains the
 @relation tag, the attribute
information
6.​using @attribute, and a
@data line.
4.What are the fundamental activities of a software process?
​ ​
Specification

Design and implementation

Validation

Evolution

5. What are the umbrella activities of a software process​ Attributes:

Software project tracking and control.

Risk management.

Software Quality Assurance.

Formal Technical Reviews.

Software Configuration Management.

Work product preparation and production.

Reusability management.

Measurement.

6.​ What are the merits of incremental model?

●​ The incremental model can be adopted when tere are less number of people
involved in the project.
●​ Technical risks can be managed with each increment.
●​ For a very small time span,at least core product can be delivered to the customer.
​

7.​ What are the drawbacks of spiral model?.

 It is not suitable for small projects as it is expensive. It is much more complex than other
SDLC models. Process is complex. Too much dependable on Risk Analysis and requires
highly specific expertise.
8. List out the algorithms used in Weka.

o​ Bayes: consists of algorithms based on Bayes theorem like Naive Bayes

o​ functions: comprises the algorithms that estimate a function, including Linear Regression
o​ lazy: covers all algorithms that use lazy learning similar to KStar, LWL
o​ meta: consists of those algorithms that use or integrate multiple algorithms for their work
like Stacking, Bagging
o​ misc: miscellaneous algorithms that do not fit any of the given categories
o​ rules: combines algorithms that use rules such as OneR, ZeroR
o​ trees: contains algorithms that use decision trees, such as J48, RandomForest

9. Define Cluster.

In clustering, a dataset is arranged in different groups/clusters based on some similarities.

In this case, the items within the same cluster are identical but different from other clusters.
Examples of clustering include identifying customers with similar behaviours and organizing
the regions according to homogenous land use.

8.​ Define Associate.

Association rules highlight all the associations and correlations between items of a
dataset. In short, it is an if-then statement that depicts the probability of relationships between
data items. A classic example of association refers to a connection between the sale of milk
and bread.The tool provides Apriori, FilteredAssociator, and FPGrowth algorithms for
association rules mining in this category.

9.​ How to use Weka Explorer?

To use Weka Explorer, you need to invoke Weka from the Windows Start menu1. This
starts up the Weka GUI Chooser. Click the Explorer button to enter the Weka
Explorer123. To load a dataset, you can either open a file or use the built-in
datasets23. Once you have loaded a dataset, you can use the various tabs in the Weka
Explorer to preprocess, classify, cluster, associate, or visualize the data

10.​What is the role of association rule learners?

Association rule learning is a type of unsupervised learning technique that checks for the
dependency of one data item on another data item and maps accordingly so that it can be
more profitable. It tries to find some interesting relations or associations among the
variables of dataset.

11.​List the goals of software engineering?

 Satisfy user requirements , High reliability , Low maintenance cost , Delivery ontime ,
Low production cost , High performance , Ease of reuse.

12.​What is software process? List its activities

Software process is defined as the structured set of activities that are
required to develop the software system.
​ Activities – Specification, design & implementation, validation & evolution.

13.​Characteristics of software contrast to characteristics of hardware?

●​ Software is easier to change than hardware. The cost of change is much

higher for hardware than for software.
●​ Software products evolve through multiple releases by adding new features
and re-writing existing logic to support the new features. Hardware products
consist of physical components that cannot be “refactored” after
manufacturing, and cannot add new capabilities that require hardware
changes.
●​ Specialized hardware components can have much longer lead times for
acquisition than is true for software.
●​ Hardware design is driven by architectural decisions. More of the
architectural work must be done up front compared to software products.
●​ The cost of development for software products is relatively flat over time.

14.​What is requirement engineering?

Requirement engineering is the process of establishing the services that the

customer requires from the system and the constraints under which it operates and
is developed.

15. What is Extreme Programming?

​ XP is a lightweight, efficient, low-risk, flexible, predictable,scientific, and fun
way to develop a software. eXtreme Programming (XP) was conceived and developed to
address the specific needs of software development by small teams in the face of vague
and changing requirements. Extreme Programming is one of the Agile software
development methodologies. It provides values and principles to guide the team
behavior. The team is expected to self-organize. Extreme Programming provides specific
core practices where –

∙ Each practice is simple and self-complete.

∙ Combination of practices produces more complex and emergent behavior.

16.​What are the advantages and disadvantages of iterative software development

Model

Advantages
 ∙ In iterative model we can only create a high-level design of the application
before we actually begin to build the product and define the design solution
for the entire product.
∙ Building and improving the product step by step.

∙ can get the reliable user feedback

∙ Less time is spent on documenting and more time is given for designing.

Disadvantages
∙ Each phase of an iteration is rigid with no overlaps

∙ Costly systemarchitecture or design issues may arise because not all

requirements are gathered up front for the entire lifecycle

17.​ What are the issues in measuring the software size using LOC as metric
●​ Lack of Accountability.
●​ Lack of Cohesion with Functionality.
●​ Adverse Impact on Estimation.
●​ Difference in Languages.
●​ Advent of GUI Tools
●​ Lack of Counting Standards.

18.​What is meant by Software engineering paradigm?

The development strategy that encompasses the process, methods and tools and
generic phases is often referred to as a process model or software engineering
paradigm.

19.​List two deficiencies in waterfall model

●​Once an application is in the testing stage, it is very difficult to go back and
change something that was not well-thought out in the concept stage.
∙ No working software is produced until late during the life cycle.

20.​What are the Characteristics of Agility?

Following are the characteristics of Agility

●​ Agility in Agile Software Development focuses on the culture of the
​ whole team with multi-discipline, cross-functional teams that are
​ empowered and selforganizing.
●​ It fosters shared responsibility and accountability.
●​ Facilitates effective communication and continuous collaboration.
●​ The whole-team approach avoids delays and wait times.
●​ Frequent and continuous deliveries ensure quick feedback that in in
​ turn enable the team align to the requirements.
●​ Collaboration facilitates combining different perspectives timely in
implementation, defect fixes and accommodating changes.
 PART – C ( Sixteen mark questions)

1.​ Discuss the various life cycle models in software development?

2.​ Which process model is best suited for risk management?

Discuss in detail with an example. Give its advantages and disadvantages?

3.​ List the principles of agile software development.

4.​ Describe in detail about Extreme programming (XP)?

5.​ What is a process model ? Describe the process model that you
would choose to manufacture a car. Explain giving suitable reasons.