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In a college hostel accommodating 1000 students, one of the hostellers came in carrying
Corona virus, and the hostel was isolated. e rate at which the virus spreads is assumed
to be proportional to the product of the number of infected students and remaining
students. ere are 50 infected students a er 4 days.
Syllabus
De nition, order and
degree, general and
particular solutions
of a di erential
equation. Solution
of di erential
equations by
method of
separation of
variables, solutions
of homogeneous
di erential Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
equations of rst (i) If n(t) denote the number of students infected by Corona virus at any time t, then
order and rst maximum value of n(t) is
degree of the (a) 50 (b) 100 (c) 500 (d) 1000
dy
type : = f ( y / x ).
(ii) dn is proportional to
dx
Solutions of linear
dt
di erential equation
of the type : (a) n(1000 – n) (b) n(100 + n)
dy (c) n(100 – n) (d) n(100 + n)
+ py = q, where p
dx
and q are functions (iii) e value of n(4) is
of x or constant. (a) 1 (b) 50 (c) 100 (d) 1000
(iv) e most general solution of di erential equation formed in given situation is
1  1000 − n   n 
(a) log   = λt + c (b) log  = λt + c
1000  n  100 − n 

1  n 
(c) log  = λt + c (d) None of these
1000  1000 − n 
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(v) e value of n at any time is given by

1000 1000
(a) n(t ) = (b) n(t ) =
1 + 999e −0.9906t 1 − 999e −0.9906t
100 100
(c) n(t ) = (d) n(t ) =
1 − 999e −0.996t 999 + e1000t

A thermometer reading 80°F is taken outside. Five minutes later the thermometer reads 60°F.
A er another 5 minutes the thermometer reads 50 °F. At any time t the thermometer reading be
T °F and the outside temperature be S °F.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
dT
(i) If l is positive constant of proportionality, then is
dt
(a) l (T – S) (b) l (T + S)
(c) lTS (d) –l (T – S)
(ii) e value of T(5) is
(a) 30°F (b) 40°F (c) 50°F (d) 60°F
(iii) e value of T(10) is
(a) 50°F (b) 60°F (c) 80°F (d) 90°F
(iv) Find the general solution of di erential equation formed in given situation.
(a) log T = St + c (b) log (T – S) = –lt + c
(c) log S = tT + c (d) log (T + S) = lt + c
(v) Find the value of constant of integration c in the solution of di erential equation formed in given situation.
(a) log (60 – S) (b) log (80 + S) (c) log (80 – S) (d) log (60 + S)

It is known that, if the interest is compounded continuously, the principal changes at the rate equal to the
product of the rate of bank interest per annum and the principal. Let P denotes the principal at any time t and
rate of interest be r % per annum.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

dP
(i) Find the value of .
dt
Pr Pr Pr
(a) (b) (c) (d) Pr
1000 100 10
(ii) If P0 be the initial principal, then nd the solution of di erential equation formed in given situation.
P rt  P  rt P P
(a) log   = (b) log   = (c) log   = rt (d) log   = 100rt
 P0  100  P0  10  P0   P0 
(iii) If the interest is compounded continuously at 5% per annum, in how many years will 100 double itself?
(a) 12.728 years (b) 14.789 years (c) 13.862 years (d) 15.872 years
(iv) At what interest rate will 100 double itself in 10 years? (loge2 = 0.6931).
(a) 9.66% (b) 8.239% (c) 7.341% (d) 6.931%

(v) How much will 1000 be worth at 5% interest a er 10 years? (e0.5 = 1.648).
(a) 1648 (b) 1500 (c) 1664 (d) 1572

In a murder investigation, a corpse was found by a detective at exactly 8 p.m. Being alert, the detective measured
the body temperature and found it to be 70°F. Two hours later, the detective measured the body temperature
again and found it to be 60°F, where the room temperature is 50°F. Also, it is given the body temperature at the
time of death was normal, i.e., 98.6°F.
Let T be the temperature of the body at any time t and initial time is taken to be 8 p.m.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

dT
(i) By Newton’s law of cooling, is proportional to
dt
(a) T – 60 (b) T – 50 (c) T – 70 (d) T – 98.6
(ii) When t = 0, then body temperature is equal to
(a) 50°F (b) 60°F (c) 70°F (d) 98.6°F
(iii) When t = 2, then body temperature is equal to
(a) 50°F (b) 60°F (c) 70°F (d) 98.6°F
(iv) e value of T at any time t is
t t −1 t/2
1 1 1
(a) 50 + 20   (b) 50 + 20   (c) 50 + 20   (d) None of these
2 2 2

(v) If it is given that loge(2.43) = 0.88789 and loge(0.5) = –0.69315, then the time at which the murder occur is
(a) 7:30 p.m. (b) 5:30 p.m. (c) 6:00 p.m. (d) 5:00 p.m.
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A rumour on whatsapp spreads in a population of 5000 people at a

rate proportional to the product of the number of people who have
heard it and the number of people who have not. Also, it is given
that 100 people initiate the rumour and a total of 500 people know
the rumour a er 2 days.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) If y(t) denote the number of people who know the rumour at
an instant t, then maximum value of y(t) is
(a) 500 (b) 100 (c) 5000 (d) none of these
dy
(ii) is proportional to
dt
(a) (y – 5000) (b) y(y – 500) (c) y(500 – y) (d) y(5000 – y)
(iii) The value of y(0) is
(a) 100 (b) 500 (c) 600 (d) 200
(iv) The value of y(2) is
(a) 100 (b) 500 (c) 600 (d) 200
(v) The value of y at any time t is given by
5000 5000 5000 5000
(a) y = (b) y = (c) y = (d) y =
e −5000kt
+1 1+ e 5000kt
49e −5000 kt
+1 49(1 + e −5000 kt )

Order : e order of a di erential equation is the order of the highest order derivative appearing in the di erential
equation.
Degree : e degree of di erential equation is the power of the highest order derivative, when di erential
coe cients are made free from radicals and fractions. Also, di erential equation must be a polynomial equation
in derivatives for the degree to be de ned.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
2
d2 y dy 
(i) Find the degree of the di erential equation 2 + 3 1−   − y = 0 .
dx 2  dx 
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 1
dy x
(ii) Order and degree of the di erential equation y = are respectively
dx dy  dy  3
+ 
dx  dx 
(a) 1, 1 (b) 1, 2 (c) 1, 3 (d) 1, 4
(iii) Find order and degree of the equation y ′′′ + y 2 + e y ′ = 0 .
(a) order = 3, degree = unde ned (b) order = 1, degree = 3
(c) order = 2, degree = unde ned (d) order = 1, degree = 2
 dy 
(iv) Determine degree of the di erential equation ( a + x ) ⋅   + x = 0
 dx 
(a) 3 (b) not de ned (c) 1 (d) 2
 7
  dy  3  3 d2 y
(v) Order and degree of the di erential equation 1 +    = 7 2 are respectively
  dx   dx
7
(a) 2, 1 (b) 2, 3 (c) 1, 3 (d) 1,
3

A di erential equation is said to be in the variable separable form if it is expressible in the form f(x) dx = g(y) dy.
e solution of this equation is given by

∫ f (x)dx = ∫ g ( y)dy + c , where c is the constant of integration.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
dy ax + 3
(i) If the solution of the di erential equation = represents a circle, then the value of ‘a’ is
dx 2 y + f
(a) 2 (b) – 2 (c) 3 (d) – 4

dy 1 − y2
(ii) e di erential equation = determines a family of circle with
dx y
(a) variable radii and xed centre (0, 1) (b) variable radii and xed centre (0, –1)
(c) xed radius 1 and variable centre on x-axis (d) xed radius 1 and variable centre on y-axis
(iii) If y′ = y + 1, y (0) = 1, then y (ln 2) =
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
dy
(iv) e solution of the di erential equation = ex – y + x2e–y is
dx
y3 x2 x3
(a) ex = + ey + c (b) ey = + ex + c (c) ey = + ex + c (d) none of these
3 3 3
dy
(v) If = y sin 2x, y(0) = 1, then its solution is
dx
2 2
sin x x
(a) y = e (b) y = sin2x (c) y = cos2x (d) y = e cos

dy
If an equation is of the form + Py = Q , where P, Q are functions of x, then such equation is known as linear
dx ∫ Pdx
di erential equation. Its solution is given by y.(I.F.) = ∫ Q.(I.F.) dx + c , where I.F. = e .
dy
Now, suppose the given equation is (1 + sin x ) + y cos x + x = 0.
dx
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) e value of P and Q respectively are
sin x x cos x −x − cos x x cos x x
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) ,
1 + cos x 1 + sin x 1 + sin x 1 + sin x 1 + sin x 1 + sin x 1 + sin x 1 + sin x
(ii) e value of I.F. is
(a) 1 – sin x (b) cos x (c) 1 + sin x (d) 1 – cos x
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(iii) Solution of given equation is

(a) y(1 – sin x) = x + c (b) y(1 + sin x) = –x2 + c
−x2 −x2
(c) y(1 – sin x) = +c (d) y(1 + sin x) = +c
2 2
(iv) If y(0) = 1, then y equals
2 − x2 2 + x2 2 − x2 2 + x2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2(1 + sin x ) 2(1 + sin x ) 2(1 − sin x ) 2(1 − sin x )

π
(v) Value of is y   is
2
4 − π2 8 − π2 8 − π2 4 + π2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 16 4 2

dy f ( x, y ) dy  y
If the equation is of the form = or = F   , where f(x, y), g(x, y) are homogeneous functions of
dx g ( x, y ) dx  x
dy dv
the same degree in x and y, then put y = vx and =v+x , so that the dependent variable y is changed to
dx dx
another variable v and then apply variable separable method.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

2 dy
(i) e general solution of x = x 2 + xy + y 2 is
dx
x y
(a) tan−1 = log | x | + c (b) tan −1 = log | x | + c (c) y = x log|x| + c (d) x = y log|y| + c
y x
dy
(ii) Solution of the di erential equation 2 xy = x 2 + 3 y 2 is
dx
x2 y3
3
(a) x + y = cx2 2
(b) + = y2 + c (c) x2 + y3 = cx2 (d) x2 + y2 = cx3
2 3
(iii) Solution of the di erential equation (x2 + 3xy + y2)dx – x2 dy = 0 is
x+ y x+y x x
(a) − log x = c (b) + log x = c (c) − log x = c (d) + log x = c
x x x+ y x+ y

dy y   y  
(iv) General solution of the di erential equation =  log   + 1 is
dx x   x  

y
(a) log (xy) = c (b) logy = cx (c) log   = cx (d) log x = cy
x
y
 dy 
(v) Solution of the di erential equation  x − y  e x = x 2 cos x is
 dx 
y y −y −y
(a) e x − sin x = c (b) e x + sin x = c (c) ex − sin x = c (d) ex + sin x = c
 dy
If the equation is of the form + Py = Q , where P, Q are functions of x, then the solution of the di erential
dx
equation is given by y e ∫ = ∫ Q e∫ dx + c, where e ∫
Pdx Pdx Pdx
is called the integrating factor (I.F.).
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
dy
(i) e integrating factor of the di erential equation sin x + 2 y cos x = 1 is (sin x)l, where l =
dx
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
dy
(ii) Integrating factor of the di erential equation (1 − x 2 ) − xy = 1 is
dx
x 1
(a) – x (b) (c) 1 − x 2 (d) log (1 − x 2 )
1+ x2 2
dy
(iii) e solution of + y = e − x , y(0) = 0, is
dx
(a) y = ex (x – 1) (b) y = xe–x (c) y = xe–x + 1 (d) y = (x + 1)e–x
dy
(iv) General solution of + y tan x = sec x is
dx
(a) y sec x = tan x + c (b) y tan x = sec x + c (c) tan x = y tan x + c (d) x sec x = tan y + c
dy
(v) e integrating factor of di erential equation − 3 y = sin 2x is
dx
(a) e3x (b) e–2x (c) e–3x (d) xe–3x

1. (i) (d): Since, maximum number of students in 1  n 

hostel is 1000. ⇒ log 
  = λt + C
1000 1000 − n 
\ Maximum value of n(t) is 1000.
(v) (a) : When, t = 0, n = 1
(ii) (a) : Clearly, according to given information,
This condition is satisfied by option (a) only.
dn
= ln(1000 – n), where l is constant of
dt 2. (i) (d): Given, at any time t the thermometer
proportionality. reading be T°F and the outside temperature be S°F.
(iii) (b) : Since, 50 students are infected after 4 days. Then, by Newton’s law of cooling, we have
dT dT
\ n(4) = 50. ∝ (T − S ) ⇒ = − λ (T − S )
dt dt
dn
(iv) (c) : We have, = λn(100 − n) (ii) (d): Since, after 5 minutes, thermometer reads
dt 60°F
dn
⇒ ∫ n(1000 − n) = λ ∫ dt \ Value of T(5) = 60°F
1  1 1 (iii) (a) : Clearly from given information, value of
⇒ ∫  +  dn = λ ∫ dt
1000 1000 − n n  T(10) is 50°F.
1  log(1000 − n)  dT
⇒  + log n  = λt + C (iv) (b) : We have, = − λ(T − S)
1000  −1  dt
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dT 1 (iii) (b) : From given information, we have

⇒ = −λ dt ⇒ ∫ dT = − λ ∫ dt At 10 p.m., temperature is 60°F
T −S T −S
⇒ log(T – S) = – lt + c \ At t = 2, T = 60° F
dT dT
(v) (c) : Since, at t = 0, T = 80°F (iv) (c) : = k(T − 50) ⇒ = k dt
dt T − 50
\ log(80 – S) = 0 + c ⇒ c = log(80 – S)
On integrating both sides, we get
3. (i) (b) : Here, P denotes the principal at any time t log|T – 50| = kt + log C ⇒ T – 50 = Cekt
and the rate of interest be r% per annum compounded Clearly, for t = 0, T = 70° ⇒ C = 20
continuously, then according to the law given in the Thus, T – 50 = 20ekt
problem, we get For t = 2, T = 60° ⇒ 10 = 20 e2k
dP Pr 1
⇒ 2k = log   ⇒ k = 1 log  1 
= 2 2
dt 100 2
t
dP Pr
(ii) (a) : We have, = Hence, T = 50 + 20  1  2
dt 100 2
dP r 1 r t /2
dt ⇒ ∫ dP =
100 ∫
⇒ = dt 1
P 100 P (v) (b) : We have, T = 50 + 20  
t 2
rt  1  2
⇒ log P = +C ...(1) Now, 98.6 = 50 + 20  
100 2
t
At t = 0, P = P0. 48.6  1  2  48.6  = t log  1 
⇒ =   ⇒ log 
\ C = log P0
20  2   20  2  
2
rt 48.6   48.6  
So, log P = + log P0 log  log 
100     20  
⇒ t= 20 ⇒ t = 2 ≈ − 2.56
P rt 2  1  1 
⇒ log   = ...(2) log  log 
2  2 
 P  100
0
So, it appears that the person was murdered 2.5 hours
(iii) (c) : We have, r = 5, P0 = 100 and P = 200 = 2P0
before 8 p.m. i.e., about 5 : 30 p.m.
Substituting these values in (2), we get
5 5. (i) (c) : Since, size of population is 5000.
log 2 = t
100 \ Maximum value of y(t) is 5000.
⇒ t = 20 log e 2 = 20 × 0.6931 years = 13.862 years (ii) (d): Clearly, according to given information,
(iv) (d): We have, dy
= ky (5000 − y ), where k is the constant of
P0 = 100, P = 200 = 2P0 and t = 10 years dt
Substituting these values in (2), we get proportionality.
10r (iii) (a) : Since, rumour is initiated with 100 people.
log 2 = ⇒ r = 10 log 2 = 10 × 0.6931 = 6.931
100 \ When t = 0, then y = 100
(v) (a) : We have Thus y(0) = 100
P0 = 1000, r = 5 and t = 10 (iv) (b) : Since, rumour is spread in 500 people, after
Substituting these values in (2), we get 2 days.
 P  5 × 10 1 P \ When t = 2, then y = 500.
log   = = = 0.5 ⇒ = e 0 .5
 1000  100 2 1000 Thus, y(2) = 500
⇒ P = 1000 × 1.648 = 1648 (v) (c) : We know that, when t = 0, then y = 100
4. (i) (b) : Given, T is the temperature of the body at This condition is satisfied by option (c) only.
any time t. Then, by Newton’s law of cooling, we get 2
dT d2 y  dy 
= k(T − 50), where k is the constant of proportionality. 6. (i) (c) : We have, 2 + 3 1−   − y = 0
dt dx 2  dx 
(ii) (c) : From given information, we have 2
d2 y  dy 
At 8 p.m. temperature is 70°F \ 2 = − 3 1 −   − y
\ At t = 0, T = 70°F dx 2 dx
Squaring both sides, we get dy
2
(iii) (c) : y ′ = y + 1 ⇒ = dx
 d2 y    dy  2  y +1
4  2  = 9 1 −   − y  ⇒ ln (y + 1) = x + c (Integrating)
 dx    dx   Now, y (0) = 1 ⇒ c = ln 2
d2 y
Here, highest order derivative is 2 and its power is  y + 1
dx \ ln  = x ⇒ y + 1 = 2e x
2. So, its degree is 2.  2 
dy x So, y (ln 2) = –1 + 2eln 2 = –1 + 4 = 3
(ii) (d): We have, y =
dx dy  dy  3 (iv) (c) : From the given differential equation, we have
+ 
 dx 
2 4 dx dy e x + x 2
 dy   dy  = ⇒ eydy = (ex + x2) dx
⇒ y   + y   = x dx e y
dx dx x3
dy Integrating, we get ey = ex + +c
⇒ Here, highest order derivative is ⋅ So , its order 3
is 1 and degree is 4. dx dy
(v) (a) : We have, = y sin 2x
dx
(iii) (a) : We have, y ′′′ + y 2 + e y ′ = 0 dy cos 2 x
⇒ = sin 2x dx ⇒ log y = − +c
d3 y y 2
+ y 2 + e(dy / dx ) = 0
dx 3 Since x = 0, y = 1 therefore c = 1/2
d3 y 1
Highest order derivative is . So, its order is 3. Now, log y = (1 – cos 2x)
dx 3 2 2
Also, the given differential cannot be expressed as a ⇒ log y = sin2x ⇒ y = esin x
polynomial. So, its degree is not defined.
8. (i) (b): The given differential equation can be
(iv) (c) : The given differential equation is, dy cos x −x
 dy  dy −x written as + y=
a+ x ⋅ + x =0 ⇒ = dx 1 + sin x 1 + sin x
 dx  dx a+x dy
Clearly, degree = 1. Compare it with + Py = Q , we get
dx
7 cos x −x
 3 3 2 P= and Q =
(v) (b) : We have 1 +  dy   = 7 d y 1 + sin x 1 + sin x
  dx   dx2 cos x
  dy  3 
7
 d2 y 
3 ∫ Pdx ∫ 1+ sin x dx
(ii) (c) : I.F. = e =e
⇒ 1 +    =  7 
  dx    dx 2  Put 1 + sin x = t ⇒ cos x dx = dt
1
\ Order is 2 and degree is 3. ∫ t dt
\ I.F. = e = elog t = t = 1 + sin x
dy ax + 3
7. (i) (b) : We have, = (iii) (d): Solution of given differential equation is
dx 2 y + f
⇒ (ax + 3)dx = (2y + f )dy given by y.(I.F.) = ∫ Q (I.F.) dx + c
x2 −x
⇒ a + 3x = y 2 + fy + c ⇒ y (1+ sinx) = ∫ . (1+ sinx) dx + c
(Integrating) 1 + sin x
2
a
⇒ − x 2 + y 2 − 3x + fy + C = 0 − x2
⇒ y (1+ sinx) = +c
2 2
−a
This will represent a circle, if = 1 ⇒ a = −2 (iv) (a) : We have, y(0) = 1 i.e., x = 0, y = 1
2
[∵ In circle, coefficient of x2 = coefficient of y2] \ 1(1 + sin 0) = c ⇒ c = 1
−x2 2 − x2
ydy \ y(1 + sin x) = +1 =
(ii) (c) : We have, = dx 2 2
1 − y2 2 − x2
\ y=
On integration, we get − 1 − y 2 = x + c 2(1 + sin x )
2 − x2
⇒ 1 – y2 = (x + c)2 ⇒ (x + c)2 + y2 = 1, which represents (v) (b) : We have, y =
a circle with radius 1 and centre on the x-axis. 2(1 + sin x )
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2 dv dx
 π π2 ⇒ ∫ v log v = ∫ ⇒ log|logv| = log|x| + log|c|
2−  2 − 2 x
 π  2 4 = 8−π
\ y  = =
 2  π 4 16  y
2  1 + sin  ⇒ log   = cx
 2  x y
2
dy x + xy + y
2  dy 
9. (i) (b) : We have, (v) (a) : We have,  x − y  e x = x 2 cos x
=  dx 
dx x2 y
dy dv  dy y  x
Put y = vx and =v+x ⇒  −  e = x cos x
dx dx dx x 
2
dv x + x ⋅ vx + v x
2 2 dy dv
\ v+x = = 1 + v + v2 Put y = vx and =v+x
2 dx dx
dx x
dv dv dx  dv  dv
⇒ x =1+ v ⇒ ∫2
=∫ +c ⇒  v + x − v  e v = x cos x ⇒ xev = x cos x
dx 2 x dx  dx
1+v
y v v
⇒ tan −1 v = log | x | + c ⇒ tan −1 = log | x | + c
x
⇒ ∫ e dv = ∫ cos x dx ⇒ e = sin x + c
y
(ii) (d): We have, ⇒ ex − sin x = c
dy dy x 2 + 3 y 2 10. (i) (c) : The given differential equation can be
2 xy = x2 + 3 y 2 ⇒ =
dx dx 2 xy dy
dy dv written as + 2 y cot x = cosecx
Put y = vx and =v+x dx
dx dx
\ I.F. = e ∫
2 cot xdx 2 log |sin x |
dv x 2 + 3v 2 x 2 dv 1 + 3v 2 =e = (sin x )2
\ v+x = ⇒ x = −v
dx 2vx 2 dx 2v \ l=2
dv 1 + v 2 2v dx
⇒ x = ⇒ ∫ dv = ∫ + log c dy
dx 2v 1+ v 2 x (ii) (c) : We have, (1 – x2) – xy = 1
dx
⇒ log|1+ v2| = log |x| + log |c| ⇒ log|v2 + 1| = log |xc| dy x 1
⇒ − 2
⋅y =
y2 dx 1 − x 1 − x2
⇒ v 2 + 1 = xc ⇒ 2 + 1 = xc ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = x 3c
x −∫
x 1 −2 x
2 ∫ 1− x 2
dx dx
(iii) (d): We have, (x2 + 3xy + y2) dx – x2 dy = 0 \ I.F. = e 1− x 2 =e
x 2 + 3xy + y 2 dy 1
log(1− x 2 )
1
⇒ = log(1− x 2 ) 2 = 1 − x2
x2 dx = e2 =e
dy dv
Put y = vx and =v+x dy
dx dx (iii) (b) : We have, + y = e–x
2 2 2 2
dx
x + 3x v + x v  dv  It is a linear differential equation with I.F. = e∫dx = ex
\ = v + x 
x 2  dx  Now, solution is y⋅ex = ∫ex⋅e–x dx + c
dv dv ⇒ yex = ∫dx + c ⇒ yex = x + c ⇒ y = xe–x + ce–x
⇒ 1 + 3v + v 2 = v + x ⇒ 1 + 2v + v 2 = x
dx dx ∵ y(0) = 0 ⇒ c = 0 \ y = xe–x
dx 1 dy
⇒ ∫ − (v + 1)−2 dv = c ⇒ log x +
x ∫
=c (iv) (a) : We have, + y tanx = secx
v +1 dx
x It is a linear differential equation with
⇒ log x + =c
x+y I.F. = e∫tanxdx = elog|secx| = secx
Now, solution is y secx = ∫sec2x dx + c
dy y   y 
(iv) (c) : We have, =  log   + 1 ⇒ y secx = tanx + c
dx x  x 
dy
dy dv (v) (c) : We have, – 3y = sin 2x
Put y = vx and =v+x dx
dx dx It is a linear differential equation with
dv dv
= v { log(v) + 1} ⇒ x = v log v
I.F. = e ∫
\ v+x −3dx
dx dx = e–3x
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