1.13 WORKED OUT PROBLEMS Ye Problem JxA tank operating at 3meter tiead and 25 pit outflow through a valve has a cross-sectional aren of 1.2m?, Lope RC R= 2h 4 2h Find the time constant? = 23 ye ae x 1.2-='288 min = 4.8hrs Problem 2: Derive the transfer function H(s)/Q() for the liquid level system shown itt Fig.44 [Hl and Q are the deviation variables in ‘h? and “q? respectively] Ty 0.75m* .Rp=2 Fig: 1.44“4,52 Solution: The material balance equation can be written as Py hi dil Qi Se Sees ere : Ro Re dt atsteady state, : wom lke Rk ‘Subtracting fag) Bebe cn bz, dzhs) : R,. Ro dt Qo. So R, Ro dt @- wl byl] :a SdH = ad RyRy dt Qe BOS dH A Rey a 1 where Raq = RR, 2 i R ane Taking laplace transform 1t+Ry 3 _ He : %) s = asH(s) 38 2 Be as A) aR GS+1 0.5547 HO. _ 0.67 QW) 05547 © Problem 2. 4.Problem 4: Derive the transfer function H(s)/Q(s) for the liquid level system shown in De 47. When (a)/The tank operates about the steady state valuerof h, = 0.3m =Im (b) The tank operates about the steady state value of h,154 of \ : Process Cony The pump:removes water at a constant rate of. 0.3 3/min, and is independ, of head. The cross sectional area of the tank is 0.1m” and the resistance ‘Lm? /min. - qm? /min ie — Fig: 1.47 “Solution: a). The tank-operates about the ead state value of 0.3m. At this height the on outlet from the.tank is through the pump. Hence the miass balance equation can be written.as 0.3 = ar nat send rt . wy obs : . yy 3 ‘Subtracting | Ap oy (a-a) = aS) ve oy “Qe a Ayp ‘Taking laplace transform, we get Qs) = a. anh HG) _ Jl net ML Q6)..a.s 0.18 +b) The tank operates ata steady state value of h, = = Im. At this height : through both the resistance and the pump. t the flow!Introduction 1 The mass balance equation gives, g@-03 {28 h-0. §} - aah R dt [Assuming the density of the liquid to be constant] At steady state h,-0.6 - 03 - =0. % [* R ] Subtracting (a-a,) - WO as ae Q R dt Taking Laplace transform:-we get, Qs) - “= = 2.5K) RQ) - H() = R.a.sH(s)’ HO) _ R «2 Ih Qs) a.R.stl] ts+1 11xO.1xs+1 > : ll _ &).= Lis+ldine ai ay the transfer function H>(s)/Q(s) and H.3(s)/Q(s) for-a three tank systemi“in Fig.1.49, Where H>,H3 and Q are deviation variables. For a unit step change in Q, determine the initial and final heights in tank — 3. Solution: : Tanks 1 and 2 are interacting ° ty =aR, =2, ) =a,Ry, t)=ajR, = 1 ay=1 a, =2 a Fig: 1.49 HL) . Ry Qe Tyt98? + (11 +t) +a)Ro) QE) _ 1 Qs) i etic H,(s) = 22) Qe) 4s? +5541 OM Rp Tank ~3 is a first order process, HA . ks oo oe Qa stl asRys+l s+ Hx) _ HsOQ@WO) _ _2 , 1 Ox(s) QS) QQ) s+] 4s? +5841iss Process. Contre) For Qs = + : s F 2 me) s(s+1) 4g +5541) ‘) By initial value theorem Le, [Ha] = Lt [s Hy). 7 ie, Hx(0). = 0 bo The initial height in tank 3 = 0. i) By final value theorem LO] = Lt, [530] ie, Hy(a) =.2 The ‘ight in Tank 3 = 2. Problent 7; Obtain’ the complete transfer function relating the variables of the system for the process shown in Fig.1.50. m Fig: 1.50 Solution: Assume qp => out flow at upper vessel 4 > out flow at bottom vessel "Volume balance ¢ equation: for Tank 2Introduction 159 m+ ug =a + Ge * Assuiming that outflow is directly proportional to head (luminar) . hy = q2 Ry = he 92 R mu, = 22+ ¢, Me 2 R2 dt R,m + Ryu, = hy + RC. dy 2 at E 2 Rym.+,Ryu, = hy + & es (1.75): . . a It Similarly for Tank 1: - A i de 2h uy=q tc — q2 : 4 arr 4 ao 1 Ry hey w= = Rye Bj at . de : _ wee (LT shh, + Ry, =C + RC, at (1.76).2 e ash Process Contry, Probie Fo the level process shown in fig 1.52 derive the transfer funet, 42)/a(). Determine the values of the 2 time constants involved. When hi =2.5 i by = 2m, Cy = 1.5m? Cy = 1.2m? wu : j I. Tank 1 dh, q= q+ c, Se Ate hy hy dh, q= he yg oh R at as) = ty(s) [Zos Oo (1.77) Ri & : Tank2 j dh i +C, —2 AL 42 2 at by-hp. hy dh. aes eyo, te Ri Ry erate | Bite so ope weg es Rj 18). = ho(s) [z ey cz] - ! oR, hy(s) = -ho(s) [eres] [: R, c by(s) = Ryho6) [eee Substitute eqn. 1.78 in eqn. 1,77 and re-arrange, we get" Introdiiction . ee Teta eit : ; i 161 as) = hy(s) |r [zt sca a rf cs - a ] 5 she 1 1 nhipt) 2 a Sasi a(s) = [1 1 1 Ry] ——+Cps |] — eee ; ie 28 Rr, o8 R ho) | Re a) | Ry[PFReCys]f1+Riig]-Re va ho(s) aR. os 2 = OT = = a6) Riles] Ts]-Re (<1) =RiCpTe=ReCa) R= 2(h he) R,=2he n rena ; ‘At stéady state-q = q) =42 = 40¢pm= 40 x 107 m?/min Ry = EOS, = 25min/m? 40x10" Ty = 25x15 ='37.Smin- ean T= 24min ' wane : ere