mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  36

PZz_ © Aa¨vq
k¦mb
cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiyZ¡c~Y© welqvw`
 mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Y Lv`¨ ˆZwi nq wKš‘ k¦m‡b Lv`¨ RvwiZ nq| k¦mb GKwU wecvKxq cÖwµqv|
 cÖwZwU Rx‡e k¦mb Acwinvh©| cÎi‡Ü«i iÿx‡Kvl¸‡jv cÎiÜ«‡K †Lvjv ev eÜ ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
 Dw™¢` Aw·‡Rb MÖnY K‡i cvZvq Aew¯’Z GK cÖKvi wQ`ªc‡_ hvi bvg †÷v‡g‡Uv|
 wbgœ I D”P †kªwYi cÖvYxi †`‡n M¨v‡mi Av`vb cÖ`vb N‡U wewfbœ cÖKvi A‡½i gva¨‡g| †hgb : dzjKv, dzmdzm|
 †Kv‡li gvB‡UvKwÛªqvi †fZ‡i KZ¸‡jv GbRvB‡gi wbqš¿Yvax‡b Lv‡`¨i mv‡_ Aw·‡R‡bi wewµqv N‡U| Gfv‡e AšÍtk¦mb wµqv
N‡U|
 k¦mb cÖwµqvi Aci bvg wecvK|

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I DËi

 k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki ------------------------------  DËi : evqy_wji KvR wbgœiƒc :
1.  Lv`¨ ˆZwi nq wKš‘  Lv`¨ RvwiZ nq| 1. evqy_wj gRy` evZv‡mi fvÊvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
2. Rxe‡Kv‡li  bvgK mvB‡Uvc­vRgxq A½vYy‡K †Kv‡li kw³Ni e‡j| 2. evqy_wj †`‡ni Av`ª©Zv wbqš¿Y K‡i|
3. dzmdzm AmsL¨  Øviv MwVZ| 3. evqy_wj kã m„wó‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
4.  GKwU †Quvqv‡P †ivM| 4. Aw·‡Rb dzmdz‡mi evqy_wj †_‡K i³RvwjKvq cÖ‡ek K‡i|
5. k¦mb GKwU  cÖwµqv| cÖkœ \ 5 \ Dw™¢` I cÖvwY‡`‡n k¦mb cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : 1. mv‡jvKms‡k­l‡Y, k¦m‡b; 2. gvB‡UvKwÛªqv, 3. evqy_wj;DËi : k¦mb GKwU AšÍt‡Kvlxq wecvK cÖwµqv Ges Dw™¢` I
4. h²v; 5. wecvKxq| cÖvwY‡`‡ni wewfbœ mRxe †Kv‡l k¦mb cÖwµqvwU g~jZ GKB| wKš‘
wewfbœ Rx‡ei Aw·‡Rb MÖnY I Kve©b WvBA·vBW wbM©gb c×wZwU
 mswÿß cÖkœ I DËi -----------------------------  wfbœ| Dw™¢`‡`‡n k¦mbKv‡j Aw·‡Rb I Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi wewbgq
cÖkœ \ 1 \ AšÍtk¦mb Kv‡K e‡j? A‡cÿvK…Z mij| Dw™¢‡`i †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó k¦mb A½ †bB| cvZvq
DËi : †h cÖwµqvq †`n †Kvl¯’ Lv`¨ Aw·‡R‡bi mvnv‡h¨ RvwiZ n‡q cÎiÜ«, Kv‡Êi †jw›U‡mj Ges AšÍt‡Kvl ¯’v‡bi gva¨‡g evqy †`n
MwZkw³ I Zvckw³‡Z cwiYZ nq, Zv‡K AšÍtk¦mb e‡j| Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| cÖvwY‡`‡ni k¦mb wewfbœ A‡½i gva¨‡g
cÖkœ \ 2 \ wbD‡gvwbqv †iv‡Mi KviY I j¶Y Kx? bvbvfv‡e m¤úbœ nq| wbgœ‡kªwYi cÖvYx‡Z cÖavbZ Z¡K I UªvwKqvi
DËi : wbD‡gvwbqv GKwU dzmdz‡mi †ivM| Gi KviY I jÿY wb‡P gva¨‡g k¦mb nq| DbœZ cÖvYx‡`i k¦m‡b M¨vmxq wewbg‡qi Rb¨
†`Iqv n‡jv : we‡kl ai‡bi k¦mb A½ Av‡Q| †hgb : gvQ I e¨vOvwP dzjKvi mvnv‡h¨
KviY : cÖavbZ GK ai‡bi e¨vK‡Uwiqvi msµg‡Y G †ivM nq| Ges ¯’jR †giæ`Êxiv dzmdz‡mi mvnv‡h¨ k¦mbKvh© m¤úbœ K‡i|
j¶Y : Kvwk I k¦vmKó nq| k¦vm †bIqvi mgq bv‡Ki wQ`ª eo nq|
 wb‡Riv Ki ------------------------------------ 
†ewk R¡i nq| Kvwki mgq †ivMx ey‡K e¨_v Abyfe K‡i|
cÖkœ \ 3 \ k¦m‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡j­L Ki| cÖkœ \ 1 \ k¦mbZ‡š¿i wPÎ Gu‡K wPwýZ Ki| k¦m‡b dzmdz‡mi
DËi : k¦mb cÖwµqvi Rb¨B Rxe †eu‡P _v‡K| Rxe‡`‡n cÖwZwbqZ ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
wewfbœ ai‡bi ˆRewbK cÖwµqvi Rb¨ kw³ cÖ‡qvRb| Rxe‡Kv‡li DËi :
mvB‡UvcøvR‡g mwÂZ ÷vP©, kK©iv, †cÖvwUb I d¨v‡Ui AYy‡Z kw³ ¯ ^ihš¿

mwÂZ _v‡K| mKj Rxe‡Kv‡li ˆRe wµqvi Rb¨ Aw·‡Rb UªvwKqv

ck~K
© v
Acwinvh©| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Aw·‡Rb Øviv Lv`¨¯’ ˆ¯’wZK kw³ hv eª¼vm
mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †mŠikw³ †_‡K mwÂZ nq, Zv‡K
MwZkw³ I Zvckw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi KivB k¦m‡bi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨| GB eªw¼Ij

MwZkw³ I Zvckw³i Øviv Rxe Lv`¨ MÖnY, Pjb, †iPb, e„w×, Rbb A¨vjwfIjvm

cÖf„wZ kvixie„Ëxq KvR m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K| k¦mb GK cÖKvi `nb cøyi¨vj c`©v
cÖwµqv hvi Øviv Lv`¨ Aw·‡Rb Øviv RvwiZ n‡q kw³ wbM©Z nq|
cøiy v MnŸi
ZvB, Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi Rb¨ k¦m‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| ü`hš¿
cÖkœ \ 4 \ evqy_wji KvR D‡j­L Ki| ga¨”Q`v
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  37
wPÎ : k¦mbZš¿ AweiZ msKzwPZ I cÖmvwiZ nq| G‡Z dzmdz‡mi AvqZb ev‡o I K‡g|
k¦mb GKwU RwUj wecvKxq wµqv| GB wµqvq dzmdz‡mi ¸iæZ¡ dzmdzm AweiZ msKzwPZ I cÖmvwiZ n‡q Aw·‡Rb MÖnY I Kve©b
Acwimxg| wb‡P Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv : WvBA·vBW cwiZ¨vM K‡i| Gfv‡e AweiZ Aw·‡Rb †bIqv I Kve©b
Avgiv bvK w`‡q evZvm wbB Avevi †Q‡o w`B| G‡KB Avgiv mvaviYZ WvBA·vBW cwiZ¨vM KivB k¦vm wµqv bv‡g cwiwPZ|
k¦mb e‡j _vwK| Avgv‡`i G aviYv fyj| Avgv‡`i eyK nuvc‡ii g‡Zv

Abykxjbxi enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

1. †KvbwU Dw™¢‡`i k¦mb A‡½i bq? DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges 3, 4 I 5 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 Z¡K L †jw›U‡mj
M iÿx‡Kvl N cÎiÜ«

2. wbgœ‡kªwYi cÖvYxiv k¦vmKvh© PvjvqÑ

i. dzjKv I Z¡‡ Ki mvnv‡h¨
ii. Z¡K I UªvwKqvi gva¨‡g 3. W wPwýZ AskwUi bvg Kx?
iii. dzmdzm I dzjKvi mvnv‡h¨ K A¨vjwfIjvm  eª¼vm M eªw¼Ij N UªvwKqv
4. DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb AskwU‡Z O2 I CO2-Gi wewbgq N‡U?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
KV LW X NY
Ki  ii 5. V-Gi msµg‡Y †Kvb †ivM nq?
Mi I ii Ni I iii K G¨vRgv  eªsKvBwUm M wbD‡gvwbqv N h²v

AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

cvV-1 : k¦mb c×wZ  c„ôv : 31 M Aw·‡Rb Drcbœ Kiv N cvwb Drcbœ Kiv
19. Møy‡KvR ˆZwii mgq Avi Kx Drcbœ nq? (Abyaveb)
K Kve©b WvBA·vBW L †K¬v‡ivwdj
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 Aw·‡Rb N †K¬vwib
6. k¦mb Kx? (Abyaveb) 20. k¦m‡b Kve©b WvBA·vBW Drcbœ nq †KvbwUi †ÿ‡Î? (D”PZi `¶Zv)
K ¯^Kxq cÖwµqv  wecvKxq K Dw™¢` L cÖvYx  mKj Rxe N AYyRxe
cÖwµqv
M Av‡jvK cÖwµqv N AÜKvi cÖwµqv eûc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
7. k¦m‡b Rxe Kx MÖnY K‡i? (Ávb) 21. k¦m‡b Drcbœ nqÑ (cÖ‡qvM)
 Aw·‡Rb L nvB‡Wªv‡Rb
i. cvwb ii. Zvckw³ iii. Kve©b WvBA·vBW
M Kve©b WvBA·vBW N bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
8. k¦m‡b Kx Drcbœ nq? (Ávb) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K Aw·‡Rb  Kve©b WvBA·vBW M nvB‡Wªv‡Rb N bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
22. Rx‡ei †`‡n ˆ¯’wZK kw³ iƒcvšÍwiZ nqÑ (Abyaveb)
9. Dw™¢‡` k¦mb KLb nq? (Ávb) i. MwZkw³‡Z ii. Av‡jvKkw³‡Z iii. Zvckw³‡Z
K w`‡b L iv‡Z M mܨvq  me mgq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
10. k¦mb cÖwµqv PjvKv‡j Rxe cwi‡ek †_‡K †Kvb Dcv`vbwU MÖnY K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K‡i? (Ávb) 23. Rxe‡Kv‡li kw³ mwÂZ _v‡K- [miKvwi Rywejx D”P we`¨vjq, mybvgMÄ]
K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb L bvB‡Uªv‡Rb  Aw·‡Rb N Kve©b WvBA·vBW
i. ÷v‡P© ii. kK©ivq iii. †cÖvwU‡b
11. k¦mb cÖwµqv PjvKv‡j Rxe cwi‡e‡k †Kvb Dc`vbwU Z¨vM K‡i? (Ávb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K Aw·‡Rb L nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M bvB‡Uªv‡Rb  Kve©b WvBA·vBW
K i I ii M i I iii L ii I iii  i, ii I iii
12. k¦m‡bi D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU? [biwms`x miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq] 24. Aw·‡Rb Qvov k¦mb wµqv m¤úbœ K‡i-
K Lv`¨ mÂq L eskwe¯Ívi M `„pZv cÖ`vb  kw³ Drcv`b [gvZ…cxV miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, Puv`cyi; Kvw`ivev` K¨v›U. cvewjK ¯‹zj, bv‡Uvi]
13. Rxe‡`n †Kvb KvR Kivi Rb¨ kw³ Drcbœ K‡i? (Abyaveb) i. wKQz wbgœ‡kªwYi Dw™¢` ii. RjR Dw™¢`
K ˆRweK L gvbwmK M KvwqK  kvixie„Ëxq iii. wKQz wbgœ‡kªwYi cÖvYx
14. cÖwZwU Rxe †KvbwU MÖnY K‡i? (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K evZvm L Av‡jv  Aw·‡Rb N Kve©b WvBA·vBW K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
15. wbgœ‡kªwYi Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi Aw·‡Rb Qvov k¦mb wµqvq Kx Drcbœ nq?(Ávb) 25. Rx‡ei cÖwZwU mRxe †Kv‡l k¦mbKvh© N‡U- [dwi`cyi wRjv ¯‹zj]
K Aw·‡Rb  Kve©b WvBA·vBW M cvwb N Av‡jv
i. w`‡bi †ejvq ii. iv‡Zi †ejvq iii. memgq
16. k¦mb wµqvq Aw·‡Rb cÖ‡qvRb Kvi? (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K cÖvYx L Dw™¢` M gvQ  mK‡ji
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
17. Møy‡KvR RvwiZ nq †Kvb cÖwµqvq? [biwms`x miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq] 26. k¦m‡bi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv- [gvZ…cxV miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq, Puv`cyi]
K `nb L dv‡g©‡›Ukb  k¦mb N
i. MwZkw³ ii. Zvckw³ iii. w¯’wZkw³
mv‡jvKms‡kølY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
18. k¦m‡bi GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨ Kx? (D”PZi `¶Zv)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 kw³ Drcbœ Kiv L Kve©b WvBA·vBW Drcbœ Kiv
27. k¦mb cÖwµqvq Drcbœ nq- [biwms`x miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  38
i. Aw·‡Rb ii. ATP iii. Kve©b WvBA·vBW 44. dzjKvi mvnv‡h¨ k¦mbKvh© m¤úv`b K‡i †Kvb RxeÑ (cÖ‡qvM)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K †QvU cvwL  e¨vOvwP M gvbyl N wmsn
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 45. dzmdz‡mi mvnv‡h¨ k¦mbKvh© m¤úv`b K‡i †Kvb †kªwYi cÖvYx? (cÖ‡qvM)
28. k¦mb cÖwµqv PjvKv‡j- [Kvw`ivev` K¨v›U. cvewjK ¯‹zj, bv‡Uvi] K A‡giæ`Êx cÖvYx  †giæ`Êx cÖvYx

i. mKj Rxe O2 MÖnY K‡i ii. Rxe CO2 Z¨vM K‡i M A‡Kvlxq cÖvYx N e¨vK‡Uwiqv
iii. ˆ¯’wZK kw³ MwZ kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq 46. UªvwKqvi gva¨‡g k¦mb nq †KvbwUi? (cÖ‡qvM)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K e¨vOvwPi L gvby‡li  †Zjv‡cvKvi N Bu`y‡ii
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 47. k¦mb cÖwµqvi Aci bvg Kx? [Avj Avwgb GKv‡Wwg, Puv`cyi]
K cwicvK  wecvK M †kvlY N †iPb
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 48. k¦mb Rxe †Kv‡li †Kv_vq N‡U? [dwi`cyi wRjv ¯‹zj]
 †fZ‡i L evB‡i M gv‡S N wb‡P
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 29 I 30 bs cÖkœ¸wji DËi `vI :
Dw™¢`‡`‡n msNwUZ `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆRewbK cÖwµqv n‡jv mv‡jvKms‡kølY I eûc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
k¦mb| G‡`i GKwU‡Z Møy‡KvR Drcbœ nq Ges AciwU‡Z Møy‡KvR RvwiZ
nq| [Av`gRx K¨v›U. cvewjK ¯‹zj, XvKv] 49. Dw™¢‡`i †`‡n evqy cÖ‡ek K‡i †hme gva¨‡gÑ (Abyaveb)
29. cÖ_g wewµqvwU †Kv_vq N‡U? i. ewnt‡Kvl ¯’vb ii. cvZvi cÎiܪ
iii. Kv‡Êi †jw›U‡mj
 †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷ L gvB‡UvKwÛªqvq
M wbDwK¬qv‡m N ivB‡ev‡mv‡g
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
30. DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq cÖwµqvq-
50. gvRiv †cvKvi k¦mb nq †h A½ ØvivÑ (cÖ‡qvM)
i. Møy‡KvR RvwiZ nq ii. Aw·‡Rb M„nxZ nq
i. dzmdzm ii. UªvwKqv iii. Z¡K
iii. †`‡ni IRb K‡g
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 51. ¯’jR †giæ`Êxiv k¦mb m¤úbœ K‡i †h gva¨‡gÑ (cÖ‡qvM)
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 31 I 32bs cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : i. Z¡K ii. dzjKv iii. dzmdzm
wekvj eUe„ÿ hLb k¦mb wµqv m¤úbœ K‡i ZLb Aw·‡R‡bi mnvqZv †bq| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Aw·‡Rb Qvov eUe„‡ÿi k¦mb cÖwµqv m¤¢e bq| K i I ii  iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
31. DÏxc‡Ki e„ÿ †Kvb mgq DwjøwLZ wµqv eÜ iv‡L? (cÖ‡qvM) 52. wbgœ‡kªwYi cÖvYxi k¦mb A½ n‡jv- [miKvwi Rywejx D”P we`¨vjq, mybvgMÄ]
K w`‡b L iv‡Z i. Z¡K ii. UªvwKqv iii. dzmdzm
M †gNjv w`‡b  †Kv‡bv mgqB bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
32. DÏxc‡Ki e„ÿ DwjøwLZ cÖwµqvq †KvbwU Drcbœ K‡i? (Abyaveb)  i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
K Aw·‡Rb L bvB‡Uªv‡Rb  Kve©b WvBA·vBW N cUvwmqvg
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
cvV-2 : RxeRM‡Z k¦mb  c„ôv : 32 wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 53 I 54bs cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
33. AšÍt‡Kvlxq wecvK cÖwµqv †KvbwU? (Abyaveb)
K cÖRbb L e¨vcb M †iPb  k¦mb
34. Kv‡Êi †jw›U‡mj Kx KvR K‡i? (Ávb)
 k¦mb L LwbR AvniY M cÖ‡¯^`b N
53. wP‡Îi cixÿv Øviv †Kvb cÖwµqv cÖgvY Kiv hvq? (cÖ‡qvM)
mv‡jvKms‡kølY  k¦mb L †iPb M AwfmªeY N A¼z‡iv`Mg
35. wbgœ‡kªwYi cÖvYx‡Z k¦mb A½ Kx? (Ávb)
54. wP‡Îi cixÿvwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z †Kvb exR `iKvi? (Abyaveb)
K cvZv L dzmdzm M dzjKv  Z¡K I UªvwKqv
K ev`vg L †ZuZzj  †Qvjv N fzÆv
36. e¨vOvwPi k¦mb A½ Kx? (Ávb)
K dzmdzm L cÎiÜ«  dzjKv N UªvwKqv
37. ¯’jR †giæ`Êx‡`i k¦mb A½ Kx? (Ávb)
cvV-3 : cÖvYxi k¦mb  c„ôv : 32-34
 dzmdzm L dzjKv M UªvwKqv N Z¡K
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
38. dzmdz‡mi mvnv‡h¨ k¦mbKvh© m¤úbœ K‡i †KvbwU? (Abyaveb)
 evbi L iæBgvQ M Av‡cj kvgyK N e¨vOvwP 55. bvK w`‡q evqy MÖnY Kiv‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
39. dzjKvi mvnv‡h¨ k¦vmKvh© cwiPvjbv K‡i †KvbwU? (Abyaveb) K wbtk¦vm  cÖk¦vm M k¦vm N k¦mb
K e¨vO  e¨vOvwP M wZwg N gvbyl 56. gvbe‡`‡n KqwU dzmdzm _v‡K? [dwi`cyi wRjv ¯‹zj]
40. wbgœ‡kªwYi cÖvYxiv wK‡mi gva¨‡g k¦mbKvh© Pvjvq? (Abyaveb) K 1wU  2wU M 3wU N 4wU
K dzjKv L dzmdzm  Z¡K N e„° 57. cøyiv Kx? (Ávb)
41. gvQ wK‡mi mvnv‡h¨ k¦mbKvh© cwiPvjbv K‡i? (Abyaveb) K dzmdz‡mi fuvR  cvZjv c`©v
 dzjKv L dzmdzm M Z¡K N e„°
M UªvwKqvi Kv‡Qi Ask N eª¼v‡mi wb‡Pi Ask
42. c~Y©v½ e¨vO †KvbwUi mvnv‡h¨ k¦mbKvh© cwiPvjbv K‡i? (cÖ‡qvM)
58. bvmvc‡_i †kl Ask Kx? (Ávb)
K dzjKv  dzmdzm M cvK¯’jx N Z¡K
K ¯^ihš¿ L UªvwKqv
43. mgMÖ †`nZ‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Aw·‡Rb †kvlY K‡i †KvbwU? (Ávb)
M bvmviܪ  bvmvMjwej
 cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z Dw™¢` L AvMvQv
M DuPze„ÿ N weiær RvZxq Dw™¢` 59. ga¨”Q`v †`L‡Z wK‡mi g‡Zv? [gvBj‡÷vb K‡jR, XvKv]
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  39
K Av‡c‡ji g‡Zv L †bŠKvi g‡Zv K 1 2 M3 N4
M nvZcvLvi g‡Zv  QvZvi g‡Zv 74. cÖk¦vm A_© Kx? (Ávb)
60. ga¨”Q`v KLb wb‡Pi w`‡K bv‡g? (Ávb)  k¦vmMÖnY L k¦vmZ¨vM M i³cvZ N gjZ¨vM
 msKzwPZ n‡j L cÖmvwiZ n‡j 75. i‡³i KwYKv Kq ai‡bi? (Ávb)
M wbtk¦vm wb‡j N cÖk¦v‡mi mgq K2 3 M4 N5

61. ga¨”Q`v cÖmvwiZ n‡j eÿ MnŸ‡ii Kx N‡U? (Abyaveb) 76. k¦m‡bi mgq †Kv‡li Af¨šÍ‡i Aw·‡Rb enbKvixi bvg Kx? (Ávb)
K i³im  jwmKv M cÖvYxim N cøvRgvim
K cÖmvwiZ nq  msKzwPZ nq
M ¯^vfvweK _v‡K N wb‡P Sz‡j hvq
77. dzmdz‡mi AvqZb KLb ev‡o? (Abyaveb)
 cÖk¦v‡m L wbtk¦v‡m M memgq N Nygv‡j
62. Dw™¢‡`i cvZvi wQ`ªc‡_i bvg Kx? [biwms`x miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]
78. dzmdz‡mi AvqZb KLb K‡g? [wf. †R. miKvwi we`¨vjq, PzqvWv½v]
K UªvwKqv L UªvwKW
K cÖk¦v‡m  wbtk¦v‡m
M iÿx‡Kvl  †÷vgvUv
M †Mvm‡j N KvR Ki‡j
63. eªw¼Ij wK‡mi Ask? (Abyaveb)
79. Avgiv †h Aw·‡Rbhy³ evqy MÖnY Kwi Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
 k¦mbZ‡š¿i L †iPbZ‡š¿i
K wbtk¦vm  cÖk¦vm
M cÖRbbZ‡š¿i N i³ M Kve©b WvBA·vBW N Aw·‡Rb
msenbZ‡š¿i 80. cÖk¦vm I wbtk¦vm †KvbwUi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? (Abyaveb)
64. gvbe dzmdzm Kq fuvRwewkó? (Abyaveb) K AšÍtk¦mb  ewntk¦mb M †iPb N i³ÿiY
K GK  `yB M wZb N Pvi 81. cÖk¦v‡m Avgiv †KvbwU MÖnY Kwi? (Abyaveb)
65. ¯^ihš¿ †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? [wf. †R. miKvwi gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, PzqvWv½v] K ïay Aw·‡Rb L Kve©b WvBA·vBW
 Mjwej I k¦vmbvwji ms‡hvM¯’‡j  Aw·‡Rbhy³ evqy N bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
L Abœbvwj I k¦vmbvwji ms‡hvM¯’‡j 82. k¦vm MÖn‡Yi wecixZ †KvbwU? (Abyaveb)
M Mjwej I Lv`¨bvwji gv‡S  wbtk¦vm L cÖk¦vm M i³cvZ N e`nRg
N cvK¯’jx I Mjwe‡ji gv‡S 83. wn‡gv‡Møvweb i‡³i †Kvb KwYKvq _v‡K? (Abyaveb)
66. bvwmKv Kq fv‡M wef³? [miKvwi Rywejx D”P we`¨vjq, mybvgMÄ]  †jvwnZ KwYKv L †k¦Z KwYKv
 `yB L wZb M Pvi N cuvP M bvwmKv N AYyPwµKv

67. †KvbwU k¦mbZ‡š¿i Ask? [Gm. wf. miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, wK‡kviMÄ] 84. wn‡gv‡Møvweb Kx? (Abyaveb)
K Zij c`v_© L Aa©Zij
K BD‡iUvi L †mwi‡ejvg  UªvwKqv N wWI‡Wbvg
 iÄK c`v_© N KwVb c`v_©
eûc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 85. dzmdzm †_‡K eª¼vm I UªvwKqvi gva¨‡g cwievwnZ n‡q bvmviÜ«
w`‡q evB‡i Kx wbM©Z nq? (cÖ‡qvM)
68. k¦mbZ‡š¿i A½Ñ [gvBj‡÷vb K‡jR, XvKv] K i³ L cvwb
i. eªw¼Ij ii. UªvwKqv iii. evqy_wj  Kve©b WvBA·vBW N Aw·‡Rb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 86. cÖk¦v‡mi mgq msKzwPZ nq †KvbwU? (Abyaveb)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K ga¨”Q`v
69. ¯^ihš¿ Aew¯’ZÑ (Abyaveb) L eÿwcÄivw¯’
i. Mjwe‡j ii. k¦vmbvwj‡Z iii. cvK¯’jx‡Z  ga¨”Q`v I eÿwcÄivw¯’i gv‡Si †cwk
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? N dzmdzm
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 87. dzmdz‡mi Aw·‡Rbhy³ i³ †`‡ni `~ieZ©x ˆKwkK bvwj‡Z †cuŠQ‡j
Kx ïiæ nq? [eøyevW© ¯‹zj A¨vÛ K‡jR, wm‡jU]
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K ewntk¦mb L wbtk¦vm M cÖk¦vm  AšÍtk¦mb

wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 70 I 71bs cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : 88. evqy †Kvb c_ w`‡q evB‡i wbM©Z nq?
 bvmviÜ« L bvmvMjwej M UªvwKqv N dzmdzm

A
eûc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
89. k¦mb cÖwµqv n‡jvÑ (Abyaveb)
i. wbtk¦vm ii. ewntk¦mb iii. cÖk¦vm
70. wP‡Îi A As‡ki bvg Kx? (cÖ‡qvM) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 bvmviÜ« L bvmvMjwej  ii L i I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M ¯^ihš¿ N eªw¼Ij 90. AšÍtk¦mb Aw·‡Rb I Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi wewbgq N‡U- (Abyaveb)
71. wPÎwU‡Z wK‡mi Ask †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM) i. ¯^ih‡š¿ ii. evqy_wj‡Z iii. eªw¼I‡j
K †iPbZš¿ L i³ msenbZš¿ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 k¦mbZš¿ N cÖRbb Zš¿ K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
91. ewntk¦m‡b Aw·‡Rb wewbgq N‡UÑ [dwi`cyi wRjv ¯‹zj]
cvV 4-6 : k¦mb c×wZ  c„ôv : 34-34 i. dzmdz‡m ii. i³RvwjKvq iii. ˆKwkK bvwjKvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
72. k¦mb cÖwµqv Kq fv‡M wef³? (Ávb) 92. evqy dzmdzm †_‡K cwievwnZ nqÑ (Abyaveb)
2 L3 M 4 N 5 i. eª¼v‡mi gva¨‡g ii. UªvwKqvi gva¨‡g
73. ewntk¦mb Kq ch©v‡q m¤úbœ nq? (Ávb) iii. A¨vjwfIjv‡mi gva¨‡g
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  40
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 114. †Kvb †iv‡M AvµvšÍ e¨w³i k¦vm †bIqvi mgq bv‡Ki wQ`ª eo nq? (Ávb)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K h²v  wbD‡gvwbqv M eª¼vBwUm N nuvcvwb
93. Aw·‡Rb †Kv‡li Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi ciÑ (cÖ‡qvM) 115. fvBivm †_‡K †Kvb †ivMwU n‡q _v‡K? (Ávb)
i. wewµqv K‡i ii. kw³ Drcbœ K‡i K h²v L nuvcvwb M wbD‡gvwbqv  eª¼vBwUm
iii. Zvc Drcbœ K‡i 116. h²vi cÖwZ‡laK wUKv Kx? [Avj Avwgb GKv‡Wwg ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, Puv`cyi]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K wewUwm  wewmwR
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii M weAviwm N †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡laK wUKv †bB
117. wewmwR wUKv KLb w`‡Z nq? [gvBj‡÷vb K‡jR, XvKv]
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K R‡b¥i 2 gvm ci L R‡b¥i 3 gvm ci
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 94 I 95 bs cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :  R‡b¥i cici N R‡b¥i mgq
Avgv‡`i k¦mb cÖwµqvi cÖ_g welqwU n‡jv ewntk¦mb| ewntk¦mb cÖk¦vm I 118. ayjvevwj wKsev dz‡ji †iYy †Kv_vq †cuŠQ‡j k¦vmKó †iv‡Mi m¤¢vebv
wbtk¦vm GB `yBwU As‡k wef³| _v‡K? [Kvw`ivev` K¨v›U. cvewjK ¯‹zj, bv‡Uvi]
94. cÖ_g wel‡q †Kvb cÖwµqvwU Av‡M N‡U? (Abyaveb) K bv‡K L ürwc‡Ê M gy‡L  dzmdz‡m

 k¦vmMÖnY L k¦vmZ¨vM M wbtk¦vm N i³cvZ eûc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

95. cÖ_g As‡ki ciciB †Kvb cÖwµqv ïiæ nq? (Abyaveb)
k¦vmMÖnY L k¦vm  wbtk¦vm N i³Pvc 119. A¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡k n‡Z cv‡iÑ (Abyaveb)
i. h²v ii. eª¼vBwUm iii. nuvcvwb
cvV-7 : k¦mbZ‡š¿i mvaviY †ivM  c„ôv : 35-37 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 120. cÖ w ZKv‡ii Rb¨ cy w óKi Lvevi `iKvi nqÑ (Abyaveb)
i. h²v ii. wbD‡gvwbqv iii. nuvcvwb
96. wb‡Pi †KvbwU msµvgK †ivM? (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 h²v L Avgvkq M wbD‡gvwbqv N eª¼vBwUm  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
97. h²v †iv‡Mi KviY Kx? (Ávb) 121. nuvcvwb †iv‡Mi KviY- [Avjx AvgRv` miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, †gŠjfxevRvi]
K g¨vem fvBivm L CO2 i. we‡kl †Kvb Lvevi †L‡j
 e¨vK‡Uwiqv N welv³ M¨vm ii. ayjvevwj dzmdz‡m cÖ‡ek Ki‡j
98. wbD‡gvwbqv wK‡mi †ivM? (Ávb) iii. dz‡ji †iYy dzmdz‡m cÖ‡ek Ki‡j
K hK…‡Zi  dzmdz‡mi M gw¯Í‡®‹i N cvK¯’jxi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
99. wbD‡gvwbqvi KviY Kx? (Ávb) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K fvBivm  e¨vK‡Uwiqv 122. wkï‡`i wbD‡gvwbqv †iv‡Mi jÿY- [nweMÄ miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq]
M QÎvK N AwZwi³ VvÊv i. wkïi R¡i n‡e
100. wbD‡gvwbqvi SuzwK Kv‡`i †ewk? (Abyaveb) ii. k¦vm †bqvi mgq bv‡Ki wQ`ª eo n‡e
 wkï L ga¨eqmx M ZiæY-ZiæYx N e„× iii. k¦vm †bqvi mgq bv‡Ki wQ`ª †QvU n‡e
101. eª¼vBwUm †iv‡Mi KviY Kx? [Abœ`v miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq, eªvþYevwoqv] wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 fvBivm L e¨vK‡Uwiqv Ki  i I ii M iii N i I iii
M ayjvevwj N AwZwi³ Mig 123. wbD‡gvwbqv †ivMwUi mv‡_ m¤úwK©ZÑ (Abyaveb)
102. †Kvb †iv‡M AvµvšÍ e¨w³i IRb Kg‡Z _v‡K? (Abyaveb) i. AwZwi³ VvÊv ii. nvg iii. eª¼vBwUm
K wbD‡gvwbqv  h²v M eª¼vBwUm N UvBd‡qW wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
103. †Kvb †iv‡M AvµvšÍ e¨w³i †ewk R¡i nq? (Abyaveb) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K h²v  wbD‡gvwbqv M eª¼vBwUm N Avgvkq
104. †KvbwU wbivgq‡hvM¨ bq wKš‘ cÖwZ‡iva‡hvM¨? Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 A¨vRgv L wbD‡gvwbqv M h²v N eª¼vBwUm wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 124 I 125bs cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
105. k¦vmbvwji msµgY‡K Kx e‡j? [gvBj‡÷vb K‡jR, XvKv] b~i †gvnv¤§` eª¼vBwUm †iv‡M AvµvšÍ| Zvi a~gcv‡bi Af¨vm Av‡Q|
K A¨vRgv L h²v M wbD‡gvwbqv  eª¼vBwUm 124. b~i †gvnv¤§` †h †iv‡M AvµvšÍ Zv †Kvb AYyRxe m„ó? (cÖ‡qvM)
106. h²v †iv‡Mi RxevYyi bvg Kx? [wf. †R. miKvwi gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, PzqvWv½v]  fvBivm L e¨vK‡Uwiqv M QÎvK N HIV fvBivm
K QÎvK L fvBivm  e¨vK‡Uwiqv N Bbd¬z‡qÄv 125. b~i †gvnv¤§‡`i KiYxqÑ (D”PZi `¶Zv)
107. †KvbwU wkï‡`i Rb¨ gvivZ¥K †ivM? (Abyaveb) i. a~gcvb eÜ Kiv ii. cwi”Qbœ cwi‡e‡k _vKv
K h²v L eªsKvBwUm  wbD‡gvwbqv N nuvcvwb iii. Wv³v‡ii civgk© †bqv
108. wbD‡gvwbqv †ivMwU †Kv_vq nq? [Abœ`v miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq, eªvþYevwoqv] wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K A‡š¿ L ürwc‡Ê M hK…‡Z  dzmdz‡m K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
109. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †Quvqv‡P †ivM? [Gm.wf. miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, wK‡kviMÄ] wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 126 I 127bs cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
 h²v L wbD‡gvwbqv M eª¼vBwUm N nuvcvwb iv‡k‡`i †QvU fvB cÂg †kªwY‡Z c‡o| Zvi cÖvqB Kvwk I k¦vmKó nq|
110. nuvcvwb †iv‡Mi Ab¨ bvg Kx? (Ávb) Kvwki mv‡_ Kd _v‡K Ges R¡i nq| evwo‡Z Wv³vi WvKv n‡j iv‡k`
K †Quvqv‡P  A¨vRgv M e¨vK‡Uwiqv N cvÊy‡ivM †KŠZznjekZ †÷‡_v‡¯‹vc wb‡q Zvi fvB‡qi ey‡Ki evg cv‡k jvMv‡ZB
111. wkï‡`i mvaviY mw`© †_‡K †Kvb †ivMwU n‡Z cv‡i? (Ávb) we‡kl kã ïb‡Z †cj| [beveMÄ miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, PuvcvBbeveMÄ]
K UvBd‡qW L wbD‡gvwbqv  nuvcvwb N eª¼vBwUm 126. iv‡k` Zvi fvB‡qi †`‡ni †Kvb A‡½i kã ïb‡Z †cj?
112. nVvr k¦vmKó †e‡o hvq †Kvb †iv‡M? (Ávb) K hK…r L cvK¯’jx M e„°  dzmdzm
 nuvcvwb L wbD‡gvwbqv M h²v N eª¼vBwUm 127. iv‡k‡`i eo fvB Kx †iv‡M AvµvšÍ?
113. wb‡Pi †Kvb †ivMwU cy‡ivcywi fv‡jv nq bv? (Ávb) K wbD‡gvwbqv L h²v M evZR¡i  eª¼vBwUm
K h²v L wbD‡gvwbqv  nuvcvwb N eª¼vBwUm wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 128 I 129bs cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  41
bewbZvi 2 eQi eq‡m Kvwk I k¦vmKó nq| k¦vm †bIqvi mgq bv‡Ki wQ`ª i. †ewk K‡i cvwb LvIqv ii. †ewk cwigv‡Y d‡ji im LvIqv
eo n‡q hvIqvq Wv³vi wKQz cÖwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v †bIqvi K_v ej‡jb| iii. †ivMx‡K cywóKi Lvevi LvIqv‡bv
128. bewbZv Kx †iv‡M AvµvšÍ? (cÖ‡qvM) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K nuvcvwb L h²v M eª¼vBwUm  wbD‡gvwbqv K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
129. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †iv‡Mi cÖwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v n‡jv- (D”PZi `ÿZv)

Abykxjbxi m„R bkxj cÖkœ I DËi

cÖkœ-1  wb‡Pi wPÎ jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : 2. nuvwP-Kvwki mgq gyL iægvj w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e|
CO2 3. a~gcvb eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. Av‡jv-evZvmc~Y© M„‡n emevm Ki‡Z n‡e|
(F)
5. †hme wRwb‡mi ms¯ú‡k© G‡j †ivM ev‡o Zv †_‡K `~‡i
_vK‡Z n‡e|
6. †auvqv, ayjvevwjc~Y© iv¯ÍvNv‡U Pjvi mgq iægvj e¨envi
E
Ki‡Z n‡e|
K. c-yiv Kx? 1
7. Wv³v‡ii civgk© Abyhvqx Pj‡Z n‡e|
L. wbD‡gvwbqv GKwU gvivZ¥K †ivM- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
D³ Dcvq¸‡jv †g‡b Pj‡j F Dcv`vbwU E As‡k cÖ‡e‡ki d‡j
M. wP‡Î msNwUZ cÖwµqvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
m„ó mgm¨v cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq|
N. F Dcv`vbwU E As‡k cÖ‡e‡ki d‡j m„ó mgm¨v
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq¸‡jv we‡k­lY Ki| 4 cÖkœ-2  wb‡Pi wPÎ †`‡L cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
 1bs cª‡kœi DËi  X
K. dzmdzm †h `yB fuvRwewkó GKwU wSwj­ ev c`©v Øviv Ave„Z _v‡K,
ZvB c-yiv| Y Z

L. wbD‡gvwbqv GKwU e¨vK‡UwiqvNwUZ †ivM| AZ¨waK VvÊvi [Av`gRx K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj, XvKv; eøy-evW© D”P we`¨vjq, wm‡jU]
Kvi‡Y G †ivM nq| †ewkifvM †¶‡Î wkïiv G †iv‡M AvµvšÍ K. k¦mb Kx? 1
nq| G †ivM dzmdzm‡K AvµgY K‡i hvi Rb¨ k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡mi
L. cÎiÜ« Kxfv‡e k¦m‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
Amyweav nq| Gi Kvi‡Y wkïi g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ N‡U _v‡K| Kv‡RB
M. Y I Z Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwU X Gi Dcv`vb mivmwi
wbD‡gvwbqv GKwU gvivZ¥K †ivM|
e¨envi K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
M. wP‡Î msNwUZ cÖwµqvwU n‡jv ewntk¦mb cÖwµqv| N. M¨vmxq wewbg‡qi †¶‡Î Y I Z Kxfv‡e G‡K
ewntk¦mb `yB ch©v‡q m¤úbœ nq| h_v :
A‡b¨i Dci wbf©ikxj hyw³mn †jL| 4
1. cÖk¦vm ev k¦vm MÖnY : cwi‡ek †_‡K Avgiv †h Aw·‡Rb
hy³ evqy MÖnY Kwi G‡K k¦vm MÖnY ev cÖk¦vm e‡j| cÖk¦v‡mi  2bs cª‡kœi DËi 
mgq ga¨”Q`v ev eÿwcÄivw¯’i gv‡Si †cwk msKzwPZ nq| K. k¦mb GKwU AšÍt‡Kvlxq wecvK cÖwµqv|
2. wbtk¦vm ev k¦vm Z¨vM : cÖk¦v‡mi ciciB wbtk¦v‡mi ch©vq L. cÎiÜ« †Lvjv I eÜ nIqvi gva¨‡g k¦m‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|
ïiæ nq| G ch©v‡q ga¨”Q`v I wcÄivw¯’i †cwk¸‡jv Dw™¢‡`i cÎi‡Ü« iÿx‡Kvl _v‡K| GB iÿx‡Kvl¸‡jv †Lvjv I
wkw_j I cÖmvwiZ nq| dzmdzm AvqZ‡b †QvU I msKzwPZ e‡Üi gva¨‡g cvZvi cÎi‡Ü«i ga¨ w`‡q M¨v‡mi Av`vb-cÖ`vb
nq| d‡j evqy_wji †fZ‡ii evqy, Kve©b WvBA·vBW M¨vm wbqš¿Y K‡i| Gfv‡e cÎiÜ« k¦m‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|
dzmdzm †_‡K eª¼vm, UªvwKqvi gva¨‡g cwievwnZ n‡q M. Y I Z Øviv h_vµ‡g Dw™¢` I cÖvYx‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
bvmviÜ« w`‡q evB‡i wbM©Z nq| Aciw`‡K X-Gi Dcv`vb ej‡Z m~h©iwk¥‡K D‡jøL Kiv
N. DÏxc‡Ki F Dcv`vbwU Øviv ayjvevwj‡K I E AskØviv n‡q‡Q| m~h©iwk¥ †_‡K wbM©Z Av‡jvKkw³ Dw™¢` I cÖvYx DfqB
k¦mbZš¿‡K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q| ayjvevwj k¦vmbvwj‡Z cÖ‡ek cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿfv‡e e¨envi K‡i| wKš‘ Df‡qi g‡a¨
Ki‡j bvbviKg msµvgK †iv‡Mi m„wó nq| GKgvÎ Y A_©vr Dw™¢`B mivmwi m~h©iwk¥‡K Lv`¨ ˆZwii Rb¨
G‡`i g‡a¨ m„ó Ab¨Zg mgm¨v n‡jv eª¼vBwUm, nuvcvwb ev e¨envi K‡i _v‡K| wb‡P Gi e¨vL¨v †`Iqv n‡jv :
A¨vRgv| wb‡P Gme mgm¨v cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq¸‡jv we‡kølY mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqvq meyR Dw™¢` Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i| GB
Kiv n‡jv : cÖwµqvq m~h©v‡jvK GKwU Acwinvh© Dcv`vb| mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi
1. †ivMxi Kd, _y_y gvwU‡Z cuy‡Z †djv `iKvi| KviY Gm‡e mgq evqyi Kve©b WvBA·vBW cÎi‡Ü«i wfZi w`‡q cvZvq
AmsL¨ RxevYy _v‡K| cÖ‡ek Kivi ci m~h©v‡jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ‡Z †K¬v‡ivwd‡ji mnvqZvq
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  42
cvwb I Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi wewµqv N‡U I kK©iv Drcbœ K‡i| Dw™¢` mv‡jvKms‡kølY c×wZi gva¨‡g cwi‡ek †_‡K CO2
mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi wewµqvwU wbgœiƒc : mg„× M¨vm MÖnY K‡i Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i I cwi‡e‡k cÖvYxi Rb¨
†K¬v‡ivwdj AZ¨vek¨Kxq Aw·‡Rb wbM©Z K‡i| Avevi, cÖvYx cwi‡ek †_‡K
Kve©b WvBA·vBW + cvwb  Møy‡KvR + Aw·‡Rb|
m~h©v‡jvK GB O2-mg„× M¨vm MÖnY K‡i k¦mb cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †Kvl¯’
Y ev Dw™¢` Gfv‡e mivmwi X ev †mŠikw³‡K e¨envi K‡i Lv`¨‡K RvwiZ K‡i KvR Kivi kw³ I Zvc Drcbœ K‡i Ges
kK©iv RvZxq Lv‡`¨i g‡a¨ ivmvqwbK kw³iƒ‡c mwÂZ iv‡L †`‡ni evB‡i Kve©b WvBA·vBW M¨vm wbM©Z K‡i| d‡j, Dw™¢`
Ges cieZ©x‡Z k¦mb cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g MwZkw³ I Zvckw³‡Z Avevi Zvi Lv`¨ ˆZwii cÖwµqvq GB CO2 mg„× evqy cwi‡ek
iƒcvšÍi K‡i| †_‡K MÖnY K‡i|
N. Y I Z Øviv Dw™¢` I cÖvYx‡K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q hviv M¨vmxq AZGe, DwjøwLZ Dcv‡q Y I Z ev Dw™¢` I cÖvYx G‡K A‡b¨i
wewbg‡qi †ÿ‡Î G‡K A‡b¨i Ici wbf©ikxj| Ici wbf©ikxj|
Rxe‡`‡n cÖwZwbqZ wewfbœ ai‡bi ˆRewbK cÖwµqvi Rb¨ kw³
cÖ‡qvRb| wewfbœ M¨vmxq c`v‡_©i wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g Gme
ˆRewbK cÖwµqv memgq Pj‡Z _v‡K|

AwZwi³ m„R bkxj cÖkœ I DËi

cÖkœ-3  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : AZ¨šÍ Riæwi|
iv‡mj †QvU‡ejv n‡Z k¦mbZ‡š¿i GKwU we‡kl †iv‡M fzM‡Q| hv cÖkœ-4  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
†Quvqv‡P ev RxevYyevwnZ bq| eQ‡ii we‡kl FZz‡Z ev FZz
cwieZ©‡bi mgq †ivMwU †e‡o hvq| [evsjv‡`k gwnjv mwgwZ, PÆMÖvg] k¦mbZ‡š¿i †ivM
K. h²v †iv‡Mi wUKvi bvg Kx? 1
L. ga¨”Q`v Kxfv‡e k¦mb cÖwµqvq mnvqZv K‡i? 2
M. iv‡m‡ji †ivMwUi jÿYmg~n D‡jøL Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †ivMwU †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqvi wbD‡gvwbqv eª¼vBwUm
Dcvq we‡kølY Ki| 4
K. AZ¨waK VvÊv jvM‡j †Kvb †ivM nq? 1
 3bs cª‡kœi DËi  L. evqy_wji KvR D‡j­L Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq †ivMwUi Kxfv‡e cÖwZKvi Kiv hvq
K. h²v †iv‡Mi wUKvi bvg we.wm.wR|
eY©bv Ki| 3
L. †h gvsm‡cwk eÿMnŸi I D`i MnŸi‡K c„_K K‡i †i‡L‡Q N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †ivM؇qi cÖwZKv‡ii †P‡q
Zv‡K ga¨”Q`v e‡j| cÖwZ‡ivaB †kªô cš’v Ñ Dw³wUi mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
ga¨”Q`v †`L‡Z A‡bKUv cÖmvwiZ QvZvi g‡Zv| ga¨”Q`v GwU  4bs cª‡kœi DËi 
n‡j wb‡Pi w`‡K bv‡g| ZLb eÿMnŸ‡ii AvqZb ev‡o| Avevi
GUv hLb cÖmvwiZ nq ZLb Dc‡ii w`‡K D‡V Ges eÿMnŸi K. AZ¨waK VvÊv jvM‡j wbD‡gvwbqv †ivM nq|
msKzwPZ nq| ga¨”Q`v ms‡KvPb I cÖmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖk¦vm I L. Abykxjbxi mswÿß cÖkœ 4bs DËi †`L|
wbtk¦vm KvR m¤úv`b K‡i| M. DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq †ivMwU eª¼vBwUm|
M. iv‡m‡ji DwjøwLZ †ivMwU n‡jv nuvcvwb ev A¨vRgv| iv‡m‡ji eª¼vBwUm k¦vmbvwji msµg‡Y nq| A¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡ek,
†ivMwUi jÿYmg~n n‡jvÑ ayjvevwj wgwkªZ AvenvIqv, VvÊv jvMv Ges a~gcvb †_‡K G †ivM
1. nVvr k¦vmKó †e‡o hvq| k¦vmK‡ó `g eÜ nIqvi g‡Zv n‡Z cv‡i|
nq| G †ivM cÖwZKv‡ii Rb¨ Av‡jv-evZvmc~Y© M„‡n emevm Kiv
2. dzmdz‡mi evqy_wj‡Z wVKg‡Zv Aw·‡Rb mieivn nq bv cÖ‡qvRb| †h mKj wRwb‡mi ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡j ev †L‡j nuvcvwb
ev evavMÖ¯Í nq| d‡j †ivMxi Kó nq| ev‡o Zv †_‡K weiZ _vKv| †hgb : ckwg Kvco, Wv³v‡ii
3. k¦vm †bIqvi mgq †ivMxi cuvR‡ii gv‡Si Pvgov †fZ‡ii civgk© Abyhvqx Pjv, †auvqv, ayjvevwj BZ¨vw` †_‡K `~‡i _vKv,
w`‡K Xz‡K hvq| a~gcvb cwinvi Kiv| Jla †me‡b k¦vmK‡ói wKQzUv jvNe nq
e‡U, wKš‘ †ivM cyivcywi fv‡jv nq bv| ZvB k¦vmKó jvNe
N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †ivMwU †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqvi Dcvq
Jla me mgq †ivMxi mv‡_ ivLv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi|
wbgœiƒc :
Av‡jv-evZvmc~Y© M„‡n emevm Kiv| †hme wRwb‡mi ms¯ú‡k© N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †ivMØq A_©vr wbD‡gvwbqv I eª¼vBwUm
G‡j ev †L‡j nuvcvwb ev‡o, Zv †_‡K weiZ _vKv| †hgbÑ DfqB k¦mbZ‡š¿i mvaviY †ivM|
ckwg Kvco| Wv³v‡ii civgk© Abyhvqx Pjv| †auvqv, ayjvevwj wbD‡gvwbqv AZ¨waK VvÊv jvM‡j n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ nvg,
BZ¨vw` †_‡K `~‡i _vKv| a~gcvb cwinvi Kiv| Jla †me‡b eª¼vBwUm BZ¨vw` †iv‡Mi ci VvÊv †j‡M wbD‡gvwbqv nq|
k¦vmK‡ói wKQzUv jvNe nq e‡U wKš‘ †ivM cy‡ivcywi fv‡jv nq wkï‡`i Rb¨ G †ivMwU AZ¨šÍ gvivZ¥K| A¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡ek,
bv| ZvB k¦vmKó jvN‡ei Jla memgq †ivMxi mv‡_ ivLv ayjvevwj wgwkªZ AvenvIqv, VvÊv jvMv Ges a~gcvb †_‡K
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  43
eª¼vBwUm †ivM nq| wbD‡gvwbqv cÖwZ‡iv‡a wkï‡`i nvg ev cÖ¯‘Z Ges k¦m‡bi mvnv‡h¨ kw³ Drcv`b| G‡`i Zzjbvg~jK
eª¼vBwUm n‡j AZ¨šÍ mveavbZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e| Av‡jvPbv wbgœiƒc :
mvaviYZ ¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡k emevm, †auvqv, ayjvevwj †_‡K cÖwZwU Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi Rxeb Av‡Q| Rxe‡`‡n cÖwZwbqZ wewfbœ
`~‡i _vKv, a~gcvb cwinvi Kiv, gy‡L iægvj ev gv¯‹ e¨envi ai‡bi ˆRewbK cÖwµqvi Rb¨ kw³ cÖ‡qvRb| Rxe †Kv‡li
Kiv, e¨w³MZ cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivL‡j mn‡RB mvB‡UvcøvR‡g mwÂZ ÷vP©, kK©iv, †cÖvwUb I d¨v‡Ui AYy‡Z
cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq| wKš‘ Kv‡iv wbD‡gvwbqv ev eª¼vBwUm n‡j kw³ mwÂZ _v‡K| mKj Rxe‡Kv‡li ˆRe wµqvi Rb¨
Kó, wPwKrmvRwbZ RwUjZv, e¨qfvi BZ¨vw` mgm¨vq co‡Z Aw·‡Rb Acwinvh©| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Aw·‡Rb Øviv Lv`¨¯’ ˆ¯’wZK
nq| kw³ hv mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †mŠikw³ †_‡K
myZivs ejv hvq, eª¼vBwUm I wbD‡gvwbqv †ivM cÖwZKv‡ii †P‡q mwÂZ nq, Zv‡K MwZkw³ I Zvc kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ KivB
cÖwZ‡ivaB †kªq| k¦m‡bi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨| GB MwZkw³ I Zvckw³i Øviv Rxe Lv`¨
MÖnY, Pjb, †iPb, e„w×, Rbb cÖf…wZ kvixie„Ëxq KvR m¤úbœ
cÖkœ-5  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
K‡i _v‡K| k¦mb GKcÖKvi `nb cÖwµqv hvi Øviv Lv`¨
m~h©
Aw·‡Rb Øviv RvwiZ n‡q kw³ wbM©Z nq|
cÖkœ-6  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
Lv`¨ nvwg` mv‡n‡ei cyÎ ivwdb †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB k¦mbZ‡š¿i †iv‡M
cÖ¯ Z
‘ fzM‡Q| †ivMwU †Quvqv‡P ev RxevYyevwnZ †ivM bq|
kw³ K. wbD‡gvwbqv †iv‡Mi KviY Kx? 1
Drcv`b L. †K¬vg kvLv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
M. nvwg` mv‡n‡ei cy‡Îi †iv‡Mi jÿYmg~n wjL| 3
N. †ivMwU Dck‡gi Dcvq e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. we.wm.wR †Kvb †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡laK wUKv? 1
L. k¦mbZš¿ Kv‡K e‡j? gvbe k¦mbZš¿ KqwU A½  6bs cª‡kœi DËi 
wb‡q MwVZ| 2
K. AZ¨waK VvÊv jvMvi Kvi‡Y wbD‡gvwbqv †ivM nq|
M. k¦mb cÖwµqvq kw³ Drcbœ nqÑ cixÿvi gva¨‡g cÖgvY
Ki| 3 L. k¦vmbvwj dzmdz‡mi Kv‡Q G‡m Wvb ev evg `yBwU kvLvq wef³
N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwµqv `ywUi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4 n‡q h_vµ‡g Wvb I evg dzmdz‡m cÖ‡ek K‡i| G‡`i‡K Wvb
ev evg †K¬vg kvLv ev eª¼vB (GK eP‡b eª¼vm) e‡j|
 5bs cª‡kœi DËi 
M. m„Rbkxj 3(M) bs cÖ‡kœi DËi †`L|
K. we.wm.wR h²v †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡laK wUKv| N. m„Rbkxj 3(N) bs cÖ‡kœi DËi †`L|
L. †hme A½ k¦mbKvh© Pvjv‡bvi Kv‡R Ask †bq Zv‡`i GK‡Î cÖkœ-7  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
k¦mbZš¿ e‡j| gvbe k¦mbZš¿ wbgœwjwLZ A½¸‡jv wb‡q
cÖwZwU Rx‡ei †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb kw³| D³ kw³ Drcbœ nq
MwVZ| k¦mb cÖwµqvi Øviv| Dw™¢‡`i k¦mb nq †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡ki gva¨‡g|
1. bvmviÜ« I bvmvc_, 2. bvmv Mjwej, 3. ¯^ihš¿, 4. k¦vmbvwj
ev UªvwKqv, 5. †K¬vg kvLv ev eª¼vm, 6. Aby‡K¬vg ev ew¼Ij, K. k¦mb Kx ai‡bi wecvK cÖwµqv? 1
7. evqy_wj ev A¨vjwfIjvm| L. Dw™¢` I cÖ v Yxi k¦ mb cÖ w µqvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. Dc‡i DwjøwLZ Rx‡ei g‡Zv cÖvYxi k¦mb cÖwµqv wK
M. k¦m‡b †h kw³ (Zvc) Drcbœ nq, Zv cixÿvi Øviv cÖgvY Kiv GKB iKg, eY©bv Ki| 3
n‡jv : N. DÏxc‡K cÖvYxi k¦mb cÖwµqv we‡kølY Ki| 4
DcKiY : `ywU _v‡g©vd¬v·, `ywU _v‡g©vwgUvi, A¼zwiZ †Qvjv
exR, cvwb‡Z wm× †Qvjv exR, wQ`ªhy³ ivevi wQwc|  7bs cª‡kœi DËi 
cixÿv : A¼zwiZ †Qvjv exR¸‡jv‡K GKwU _v‡g©vd¬v‡·i g‡a¨ K. k¦mb GKwU AšÍt‡Kvlxq wecvK cÖwµqv|
†i‡L GKwU wQ`ªhy³ wQwc w`‡q gyLwU eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici L. Dw™¢` I cÖvYx evqy †_‡K Aw·‡Rb MÖnY K‡i Ges Kve©b
wQwci wQ‡`ªi ga¨ w`‡q GKwU _v‡g©vwgUvi Ggbfv‡e cÖ‡ek WvBA·vBW Z¨vM K‡i| Zv‡`i G cÖwµqv P‡j mvivRxeb| Z‡e
Kiv‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvi`c~Y© cÖvšÍwU A¼zwiZ GwU wfbœ cÖK…wZi| Dw™¢` Aw·‡Rb MÖnY K‡i, cvZvq Aew¯’Z
†Qvjv exR¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †cÖvw_Z _v‡K| Abyiƒcfv‡e Aci GK cÖKvi wQ`ª c‡_ hvi bvg n‡jv †÷v‡gUv| wbgœ I D”P‡kªwYi
_v‡g©vd¬v·wU‡Z wm× †Qvjv exR¸‡jv ivL‡Z n‡e Ges Aci cÖvYxi †`‡n M¨v‡mi Av`vb cÖ`vb N‡U wewfbœ cÖKvi A‡½i
_v‡g©vwgUviwU ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvi` gva¨‡g| †hgb : dzjKv, dzmdzm|
†iLvi Ae¯’vb wPwýZ K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| M. cÖvYxi k¦mb cÖwµqv Dw™¢‡`i g‡Zv bq| cÖvYxi k¦mb wewfbœ
ch©‡eÿY : wKQzÿY ci †`Lv hv‡e RxešÍ A¼zwiZ †Qvjv
A‡½i gva¨‡g nq| wbgœ‡kªwYi cÖvYxiv Z¡K I UªvwKqvi gva¨‡g
exRhy³ _v‡g©vd¬v‡·i DòZvi e„w× NUvq _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvi`
k¦mbKvh© Pvjvq, DbœZ cÖvYx‡`i k¦m‡bi wewfbœ ai‡bi M¨vmxq
†iLvi cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| wm× exRhy³ _v‡g©vd¬v‡·i DòZvi
wewbgq nq dzjKv ev dzmdz‡mi Øviv| Dw™¢` †`‡ni mg¯Í Ask
e„w× nqwb A_©vr _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvi` †iLv AcwiewZ©Z Av‡Q|
Øviv k¦vmKvh© Pvjvq, Ab¨w`‡K cÖvYxiv k¦mb A½ Øviv k¦vmKvh©
N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwµqv `ywU n‡jv mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqvq Lv`¨
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  44
Pvjvq| myZivs Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi k¦mb cÖwµqv m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v k¦m‡bi gva¨‡g kw³ Drcbœ nq hv w`‡q Rxe wewfbœ Kvh©vewj
ai‡bi nq| wbqš¿Y K‡i| kw³i Rb¨ cÖwZwU Rx‡ei k¦mb Acwinvh©|
N. DÏxc‡K cÖvYxi k¦mb GKwU AšÍt‡Kvlxq wecvK cÖwµqv Ges K. k¦mb cÖwµqvwU †Kv_vq N‡U? 1
Dw™¢` I cÖvYx‡`‡ni wewfbœ mRxe †Kv‡l k¦mb cÖwµqvwU g~jZ L. ¯^ihš¿ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2
GKB| wKš‘ wewfbœ Rx‡ei Aw·‡Rb MÖnY I Kve©b WvBA·vBW M. Rxe †Kv‡l kw³i cÖevn †iLvwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI| 3
wbM©gb c×wZwU wfbœiƒc| Dw™¢` †`‡n k¦mbKv‡j Aw·‡Rb I N. k¦mbKv‡j kw³ Drc‡bœi cÖgvY Ki| 4
Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi wewbgq A‡cÿvK…Z mij| Dw™¢‡`i cvZvi
 9bs cª‡kœi DËi 
cÎiÜ«, Kv‡Êi †jw›U‡mj Ges AšÍt‡Kvl ¯’v‡bi gva¨‡g evqy
†`n Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z Dw™¢`¸‡jv mgMÖ K. Dw™¢` I cÖvYx‡`‡ni wewfbœ mRxe †Kv‡l k¦mb cÖwµqvwU N‡U|
†`nZ‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Aw·‡Rb †kvlY K‡i| cÖvwY‡`‡nI k¦mb L. Mjwej I k¦vmbvwji ms‡hvM¯’‡j ¯^ihš¿ Aew¯’Z| ¯^ih‡š¿i
wewfbœ A‡½i gva¨‡g bvbvfv‡e m¤úbœ nq| wbgœ‡kªwYi cÖvYx‡Z ¯^i m„wóKvix ¯^ii¾y ev †fvKvj KW© _v‡K| ZvB G‡K
cÖavbZ Z¡K I UªvwKqvi gva¨‡g k¦mb nq| DbœZ cÖvYx‡`i k¦m‡b ¯^ihš¿ e‡j| ¯^iwQ‡`ªi gy‡L GKUv XvKbv _v‡K| GwU Lv`¨
M¨vmxq wewbg‡qi Rb¨ we‡kl ai‡bi k¦mb A½ Av‡Q| †hgb : MÖn‡Yi mgq ¯^ihš¿‡K †X‡K iv‡L, hv‡Z G‡Z Lv`¨ XzK‡Z bv
gvQ I e¨vOwP dzjKvi mvnv‡h¨ Ges ¯’jR †giæ`Êxiv cv‡i| Avevi k¦vm MÖn‡Yi mgq Ly‡j hvq|
dzmdz‡mi mvnv‡h¨ k¦mb m¤úbœ K‡i|
M. Rxe †Kv‡l kw³i cÖevn †iLvwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
cÖkœ-8  wb‡Pi PvU©wU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : Lv`¨ (Møy‡KvR) + Aw·‡Rb  Kve©b WvBA·vBW + cvwb + kw³ (ATP)
bvmviÜ«  bvmvc_  bvmvMjwej  UªvwKqv  eª¼vm  eªw¼Ij Rxe †Kv‡l kw³i cÖevn GKwU AšÍt‡Kvlxq wecvK cÖwµqv Ges
O2  CO2 Dw™¢` I cÖvYx‡`‡ni wewfbœ mRxe †Kv‡l k¦mb cÖwµqvwU g~jZ
A¨vjwfIwj ev evqy_wj GKB| wKš‘ wewfbœ Rx‡ei Aw·‡Rb I Kve©b WvBA·vBW
K. k¦mb‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv nq? 1 wbM©gb c×wZwU wfbœiƒc| Dw™¢` †`‡n k¦mbKv‡j Aw·‡Rb I
L. cÖk¦vm ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi wewbgq A‡cÿvK…Z mij| Dw™¢‡`i †Kv‡bv
M. DÏxc‡Ki gva¨‡g AšÍtk¦mb cÖwµqv eY©bv Ki| 3 wbw`©ó k¦mb A½ bvB| cvZvi cÎiÜ«, Kv‡Êi †jw›U‡mj Ges
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K k¦mb c×wZ we‡kølY Ki| 4 AšÍt‡Kvl ¯’v‡bi gva¨‡g evqy †`n Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i|
 8bs cª‡kœi DËi  cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z Dw™¢¸‡jv mgMÖ †`nZ‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Aw·‡Rb
†kvlY K‡i|
K. k¦mb‡K 2 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
N. DÏxc‡K k¦mbKv‡j kw³ Drcbœ nq| DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Îi gva¨‡g
L. cwi‡ek †_‡K Avgiv †h Aw·‡Rbhy³ evqy MÖnY Kwi Zv‡K k¦vm
k¦m‡bi d‡j kw³ Drcv`‡bi cixÿv Kiv nq| DÏxc‡Ki
MÖnY ev cÖk¦vm e‡j| cÖk¦v‡mi mgq ga¨”Q`v I eÿwcÄivw¯’i
wP‡Îi DcKiY¸‡jv n‡jv 2wU _v‡g©vd¬v·, 2wU _v‡g©vwgUvi,
gv‡Si †cwk msKzwPZ nq|
A¼zwiZ †Qvjv, wm× †Qvjv, wQ`ªhy³ ivevi wQwc| A¼zwiZ †Qvjv
M. AšÍtk¦mb cÖwµqvq †`n‡Kvl¯’ Lv`¨ Aw·‡R‡bi mvnv‡h¨ exR¸‡jv GKwU _v‡g©vd¬v‡·i g‡a¨ †i‡L wQ`ªhy³ wQwci g‡a¨
RvwiZ n‡q MwZkw³ I Zvckw³‡Z cwiYZ nq| dzmdz‡mi i‡³ w`‡q GKwU _v‡g©vwgUvi Ggbfv‡e ivwL †hb _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvi`
†h Aw·‡Rb cÖ‡ek K‡i Zv i‡³i gva¨‡g evwnZ n‡q †`‡ni c~Y© AskwU A¼zwiZ †Qvjv ex‡Ri g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv _v‡K|
`~ieZ©x ˆKwkK bvwj‡Z †cuŠQvq| ˆKwkKbvwji Mv·f` K‡i GKBfv‡e Aci _v‡g©vd¬v‡· wm× †Qvjv exR¸‡jv ivL‡Z n‡e|
AvšÍt‡Kvl¯’ im n‡q †Kv‡li Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| Zvici wKQzÿY ci †`Lv hv‡e RxešÍ A¼zwiZ †Qvjv exRhy³
GwU †Kv‡li †fZ‡ii Lv‡`¨i mv‡_ ivmvqwbK wewµqv K‡i kw³ _v‡g©vd¬v‡·i DòZvi e„w× NUvq _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvi` †iLvi
Drcbœ K‡i| Gi d‡j Zvckw³ I Kve©b WvBA·vBW ˆZwi nq| cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| wm× exRhy³ _v‡g©vd¬v‡·i DòZvi e„w× nqwb
GB Kve©b WvBA·vBW Avevi i³ Øviv evwnZ n‡q dzmdz‡m A_©vr _v‡g©vwgUvi‡ii cvi` †iLv AcwiewZ©Z Av‡Q|
†diZ Av‡m|
myZivs ejv hvq, Gfv‡e RxešÍ A¼zwiZ †Qvjv exRhy³
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K k¦mb c×wZ ej‡Z bvK w`‡q k¦vm wbB _v‡g©vd¬v‡·i DòZvi e„w× N‡U‡Q|
Avevi bvK w`‡q k¦vm †Q‡o w`B| G‡KB Avgiv mvaviYZ k¦mb
e‡j _vwK| Avgv‡`i eyK nvc‡ii g‡Zv AweiZ msKzwPZ I cÖkœ-10  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖmvwiZ nq| G‡Z dzmdz‡mi AvqZb ev‡o I K‡g| dzmdzm
AweiZ msKzwPZ I cÖmvwiZ n‡q Aw·‡Rb MÖnY I Kve©b
WvBA·vBW cwiZ¨vM K‡i| Gfv‡e AweiZ Aw·‡Rb †bIqv I
Kve©b WvBA·vBW cwiZ¨vM KivB k¦vm wµqv bv‡g cwiwPZ| GUv
k¦m‡bi GKwU avc| k¦mb cÖwµqv‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv nq|
h_v : 1. ewntk¦mb I AšÍtk¦mb|
Avevi ewntk¦mb‡K 2 fv‡M wef³ Kiv nq| h_v : i. cÖk¦vm ev
k¦vm MÖnY I ii. wbtk¦vm|
wPÎ-K wPÎ-L
cÖkœ-9  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : wm× †Qvjv A¼zwiZ †Qvjv
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  45
K. Rxe‡`‡n †Kvlw¯’Z Lv`¨‡K `nb Kivi Rb¨ Kx
e¨eüZ nq? 1
L. k¦mb‡K wecvKxq wµqv ejv nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwµqvwU eY©bv Ki| 3
N. wPÎ-K Gi Zzjbvq wPÎ L-†Z ZvcgvÎv †ewk †KbÑ
we‡kølY Ki| 4
 10bs cª‡kœi DËi 
K. Rxe‡`‡n †Kvlw¯’Z Lv`¨‡K `nb Kivi Rb¨ Aw·‡Rb e¨eüZ nq|
K. bvwmKv Kx? 1
L. k¦mb cÖwµqvwU Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi cÖwZwU mRxe †Kv‡l w`bivwÎ me L. Dw™¢‡`i wbw`©ó k¦mb A½ bv _vKvi myweav †jL| 2
mgq N‡U e‡j G‡K wecvKxq wµqv e‡j| M. wPÎwU‡Z Kx †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q? wPÎwU cybivq AuvK
k¦mb Øviv Rxe‡Kv‡l kw³ Drcbœ nq| GB kw³ Av‡m Ges wewfbœ Ask wPwýZ Ki| 3
Aw·‡R‡bi mvnv‡h¨ Lv`¨e¯‘i RviY ev `n‡bi gva¨‡g| N. wPÎwU m¤ú‡K© hv Rvb Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
k¦m‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Aw·‡Rb Øviv Lv`¨¯’ ˆ¯’wZK kw³ hv  11bs cª‡kœi DËi 
mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †mŠikw³ †_‡K mwÂZ nq,
Zv‡K MwZkw³ I Zvckw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv| k¦mb †_‡K K. bvwmKv n‡jv gyLMnŸ‡ii Dc‡i Aew¯’Z GKwU w·KvYvKvi MnŸi|
Drcbœ kw³ ØvivB Rxe Lv`¨ MÖnY, Pjb, †iPb, e„w×, Rbb L. Dw™¢‡`i wbw`©ó k¦mb A½ bv _vKvi myweav n‡jv Giv †`‡ni
cÖf…wZ kvixie„Ëxq KvR m¤úbœ K‡i| mKj Ask w`‡qB k¦mbKvh© Pvjv‡Z cv‡i|
M. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Îi gva¨‡g k¦m‡bi d‡j kw³ Drcv`b cixÿv Dw™¢` wewfbœ A½ †hgb : cÎiÜ«, Kv‡Êi †jw›U‡mj, †fZ‡ii
Kiv nq| DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Îi DcKiY¸‡jv n‡jv 2wU _v‡g©vd¬v·, †Kvl Ges cvwbi wb‡Pi Dw™¢`‡`‡ni mgMÖ Ask Øviv k¦vmKvh©
2wU _v‡g©vwgUvi, A¼zwiZ †Qvjv, wm× †Qvjv I wQ`ªhy³ ievi wQwc| Pvjv‡Z cv‡i|
A¼zwiZ †Qvjv exR¸‡jv GKwU _v‡g©vd¬v‡·i g‡a¨ †i‡L wQ`ªhy³ M. wPÎwU‡Z dzmdzm †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q hv gvby‡li k¦mbZ‡š¿i GKwU Ask|
wQwci ga¨ w`‡q GKwU _v‡g©vwgUvi Ggbfv‡e ivwL †hb wPÎwU cybivq Gu‡K Gi wewfbœ Ask wPwýZ Kiv n‡jv :
¯ ^ihš¿
_v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvi`c~Y© AskwU A¼zwiZ †Qvjv ex‡Ri g‡a¨
UªvwKqv
cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv _v‡K| GKBfv‡e Aci _v‡g©vd¬v‡· wm× †Qvjv ck~K
© v
eª¼vm
exR¸‡jv ivL‡Z n‡e Ges Aci _v‡g©vwgUviwU ivL‡Z n‡e|
eªw¼Ij
cÖwZwU _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvi` †iLvi Ae¯’vb wPwýZ K‡i ivL‡Z
A¨vjwfIjvm
n‡e| wKQzÿY ci †`Lv hv‡e RxešÍ A¼zwiZ †Qvjv exRhy³
cø
yi¨vj c`©v
_v‡g©vd¬v‡·i DòZvi e„w× NUvq _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvi` †iLvi
cøiy v MnŸi
cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| wm× exRhy³ _v‡g©vd¬v‡·i DòZvi e„w× nqwb ü`hš¿
A_©vr _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvi` †iLv AcwiewZ©Z Av‡Q| ga¨”Q`v

Gfv‡eB DÏxc‡Ki cÖwµqvwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq| wPÎ : gvbe k¦mbZš¿

N. wPÎ-K Gi †Qvjv exR¸‡jv A¼zwiZ nqwb wKš‘ wPÎ-L †Z N. wPÎwU n‡jv dzmdzm hvi MVb I Kvh©vewj AZ¨šÍ RwUj I
n‡q‡Q e‡j wPÎ-K Gi Zzjbvq wPÎ-L Gi ZvcgvÎv †ewk| ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wb‡P dzmdzm m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
Avgiv Rvwb DòZv evo‡j _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvi` †iLvi cwieZ©b e¶MnŸ‡ii †fZi `yBwU dzmdzm ürwc‡Êi `yB cv‡k Aew¯’Z|
nq| wPÎ K-†Z wm× †Qvjv Ges wPÎ L-†Z A¼zwiZ †Qvjv| GUv ¯ú‡Äi g‡Zv big I †Kvgj| Wvb cv‡ki dzmdzmwU evg
†Qvjv exR¸‡jv A¼zwiZ nIqvq k¦mb cÖwµqvq wPÎ L-Gi cv‡ki dzmdz‡mi †P‡q mvgvb¨ eo| dzmdzm `yB fuvRwewkó c-yiv
_v‡g©vd¬v‡·i DòZvi e„w× N‡U| bvgK GKwU wSwj­ ev c`©v Øviv Ave„Z| `yB fuv‡Ri g‡a¨ GK
cÖKvi wcw”Qj c`v_© _v‡K| d‡j k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡mi Kv‡R dzmdzm I
wKš‘ K wP‡Îi _v‡g©vd¬v‡·i †Qvjv exR¸‡jv wm× nIqvq e¶Mv‡Îi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv Nl©Y jv‡M bv| eª¼vm cÖwZcv‡k
ZvcgvÎvi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nqwb| wKš‘ L wP‡Îi _v‡g©vd¬v‡·i dzmdz‡m cÖ‡ek K‡i AmsL¨ kvLv-cÖkvLvq wef³ nq| GB m~²
†Qvjv exR¸‡jv A¼zwiZ nIqvq wPÎ K Gi ZvcgvÎv 300 eªw¼Ij¸‡jv evqy_wj ev evqy‡Kv‡l cÖ‡ek K‡i| cÖ‡Z¨KwU
†mjwmqvm n‡Z †e‡o 600 †mjwmqvm n‡q‡Q| evqy_wj cvZjv Gwc‡_wjqvj †Kvl Øviv MwVZ| G †Kvl¸‡jv
cÖkœ-11  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : ˆKwkK RvwjKv Øviv cwi‡ewóZ| †Kvl¸‡jv‡Z evqy cÖ‡ek Ki‡j
G¸‡jv †ejy‡bi g‡Zv dz‡j I‡V I c‡i Avcbv Avcwb KzwÂZ
n‡q hvq| evqy_wj I ˆKwkK RvwjKv Df‡qi cÖvPxi GZ cvZjv
†h, mn‡RB G¸‡jvi ga¨ w`‡q evqy Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cÖkœ-12  wb‡Pi PvU©wU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
bvmviÜ«  bvmvc_  bvmv Mjwej  UªvwKqv  eª¼vm  eªw¼Ij

A¨vjwfIwj ev evqy_wj
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  46
K. cÖk¦vm Kx? 1 MÖnY Kwi Zv‡K cÖk¦vm e‡j| cÖk¦vm evqy‡Z a~wjKYv, †ivMRxevYy
L. wbtk¦vm KLb ïiæ nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 _vK‡j Zv GB †jvg I wSwj­‡Z AvU‡K hvq|
M. cÖevnwPÎ †_‡K cÖ_g `ywU avc eY©bv Ki| 3 bvmv Mjwej bvmvc‡_i †kl Ask hv Mjwe‡ji mv‡_ wg‡k‡Q|
N. cÖevnwP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K AšÍtk¦mb cÖwµqv we‡kølY Mjwej c‡_ k¦vmbvwj‡Z evZvm cÖ‡ek K‡i|
Ki| 4 N. cÖevnwP‡Îi cÖwµqv †kl nIqvi ciB AšÍtk¦mb cÖwµqv ïiæ nq|
 12bs cª‡kœi DËi  A_©vr dzmdz‡mi i‡³ †h Aw·‡Rb cÖ‡ek K‡i Zv i‡³i gva¨‡g
†`‡ni `~ieZ©x ˆKwkK bvwj‡Z †cuŠQ‡j AšÍtk¦mb ïi“ nq|
K. cÖk¦vm n‡jv cwi‡ek †_‡K Aw·‡Rbhy³ evqy MÖnY Kivi cÖwµqv| Aw·‡Rb ˆKwkK bvwji MvÎ †f` K‡i †Kv‡li duv‡K duv‡K †h
L. cÖk¦v‡mi ci ciB wbtk¦vm ch©vq ïi“ nq| im (jwmKv) Av‡Q Zv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q hvq| Aw·‡Rb enbKvix G im
G ch©v‡q ga¨”Q`v I wcÄivw¯’i †cwk¸‡jv wkw_j I cÖmvwiZ nq| †Kv‡li Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡j Aw·‡Rb Lv‡`¨i mv‡_
d‡j dzmdzm AvqZ‡b †QvU I msKzwPZ nq| d‡j evqy_wji ivmvqwbK wewµqv K‡i I kw³ Drcbœ K‡i|
†fZ‡ii evqy, Kve©b WvBA·vBW M¨vm dzmdzm †_‡K eª¼vm, Aw·‡Rb msenb : Aw·‡Rb dzmdz‡mi evqy_wj †_‡K i³
UªvwKqvi gva¨‡g cwievwnZ n‡q bvmviÜ« w`‡q evB‡i wbM©Z nq| RvwjKvq cÖ‡ek K‡i| i‡³i †jvwnZ KwYKvq wn‡gv‡M­vweb bvgK †h
M. cÖevnwP‡Îi cÖ_g `ywU avc n‡jv bvmviÜ« I bvmvc_| bvmviÜ« iÄK c`v_© _v‡K, Gi m‡½ Aw·‡Rb nvjKvfv‡e Ave× nq|
I bvmvc_ n‡jv gvby‡li k¦mbZ‡š¿i cÖ_g `ywU avc| Gfv‡e wn‡gv‡M­vweb iÄK Aw·‡Rb cwien‡b Ask †bq|
bvwmKv gyLMnŸ‡ii Dc‡i Aew¯’Z GKwU w·KvYvKvi MnŸi| Kve©b WvBA·vBW msenb : Kve©b WvBA·vBW cÖavbZ i‡³i
GUv mvg‡b bvwmKv wQ`ª n‡Z cðv‡Z Mjwej ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| i³i‡m ev c­vRgvq `ªexf~Z Ae¯’vq †Kvl n‡Z dzmdz‡m hvq|
GKwU cvZjv c`©v w`‡q GUv `yBfv‡M wef³| Gi m¤§yLfvM
†jvg I cðvr w`K wSwj­ Øviv Ave„Z| Avgiv bvK w`‡q †h evqy

m„R bkxj cÖkœe¨vsK

cÖkœ -13  B
K. bvK w`‡q †h evqy MÖnY Kwi Zv‡K Kx e‡j? 1
A L. ¯^ihš¿ ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
M. DÏxc‡K A Gi eY©bv Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki B Gi we‡kølY Ki| 4
cÖkœ -15  †fŠwgK †QvU‡ejv †_‡K k¦vmZ‡š¿i mgm¨vq fzM‡Q|
K. gyLMnŸ‡ii Dc‡i Aew¯’Z GKwU w·KvYvKvi MnŸi‡K Kx e‡j? 1
L. cÖvYxi k¦mb ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 †ivMwU †Quvqv‡P ev RxevYyevwnZ bq| FZzi cwieZ©‡b G †ivMwUi gvÎv
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A Gi eY©bv `vI| 3 n«vm e„w× NU‡Z †`Lv hvq|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K B Gi we‡kølY Ki| 4 K. eª¼vB †Kvb Z‡š¿i Ask? 1
cÖkœ -14  L. wbD‡gvwbqv †iv‡Mi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
A M. †fŠwg‡Ki †ivMwUi jÿYmg~n eY©bv Ki| 3
N. †fŠwg‡Ki Kxfv‡e †ivMwU wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡Z cvi‡e Ñ hyw³
B `vI| 4

Abyk xj‡bi Rb¨ `ÿZv¯Í‡ii cÖkœ I DËi

 Ávbg~jK  cÖkœ \ 1 \ k¦m‡bi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ \ 1 \ †Kvl Kx? DËi : Rxe‡`‡n wewfbœ kvixie„Ëxq KvR m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨
DËi : †Kvl n‡jv Rxe‡`n MV‡bi GKK| cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³ Drcbœ KivB k¦m‡bi GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ mRxe †Kvl Kx? Rxe‡`n cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³ Drcbœ Kivi Rb¨B k¦mb wµqv N‡U _v‡K|
DËi : Rx‡ei †hme †Kv‡l k¦mb wµqv N‡U †mme †KvlB mRxe †Kvl| cÖkœ \ 2 \ k¦mb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
cÖkœ \ 3 \ Kve©b WvBA·vBW Kx? DËi : †h ˆRe ivmvqwbK cÖwµqvq Rxe‡Kvl¯’ Lv`¨e¯‘ Aw·‡R‡bi
DËi : Kve©b WvBA·vBW n‡jv welv³ M¨vmxq c`v_©| Dcw¯’wZ ev Abycw¯’wZ‡Z RvwiZ n‡q Lv`¨¯’ ˆ¯’wZKkw³, MwZkw³
cÖkœ \ 4 \ Z¡‡Ki gva¨‡g k¦mb nq †Kvb cÖvYxi? I Zvckw³‡Z i~cvšÍwiZ I gy³ nq Ges Kve©b WvBA·vBW I cvwb
DËi : Z¡‡Ki gva¨‡g k¦mb nq wbgœ‡kªwYi cÖvYxi| Drcbœ nq Zv‡K k¦mb e‡j|
cÖkœ \ 5 \ k¦m‡bi cixÿv Kivi Rb¨ KqwU _v‡g©vwgUvi `iKvi? cÖkœ \ 3 \ bvmv Mjwej Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : k¦m‡bi cixÿv Kivi Rb¨ `ywU _v‡g©vwgUvi `iKvi| DËi : bvmv Mjwej n‡jv bvmvc‡_i †kl Ask hv Mjwe‡ji mv‡_
wg‡k‡Q| Mjwej c‡_ k¦vmbvwj‡Z evZvm cÖ‡ek K‡i|
 Abyavebg~jK  cÖkœ \ 4 \ k¦vmbvwj Kx e¨vL¨v Ki|
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  47
DËi : Lv`¨bvwji m¤§y‡L Aew¯’Z ¯^ihš¿ †_‡K ïi“ n‡q †K¬vgkvLv †ivM nIqvi c~‡e© †h e¨e¯’v †bIqv nq Zv n‡jv cÖwZ‡iva Avi †ivM
ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z bvwj‡KB k¦vmbvwj| k¦vmbvwji gva¨‡g evqy dzmdz‡m nIqvi c‡i †h e¨e¯’vcbv †bIqv nq Zv n‡jv cÖwZKvi| `ywUB
cÖ‡ek K‡i| Riæwi| Z‡e †ivM n‡q †M‡j, A‡bK mgq wPwKrmv K‡iI †ivM
cÖkœ \ 5 \ cÖwZKvi ev cÖwZ‡iva Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwU †ewk Riæwi? e¨vL¨v Ki| m¤ú~Y© fv‡jv nq bv| ZvB cÖwZ‡ivaB †ewk Riæwi|
DËi : cÖwZKv‡ii †P‡q cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e¯’v †ewk Riæwi|