Worksheet 2

Physics

Name:
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1 Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for a stone as it falls to the ground.

50

speed 40
m/s
30

20

10

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) On Fig. 1.1, mark:

• a letter X to indicate a point where the rock is moving with a constant speed
• a letter Y to indicate a point where the rock is decelerating.
[2]

(ii) At time t = 0, the acceleration of the stone is equal to the acceleration of free fall.

Give the name of the force accelerating the stone at time t = 0.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The weight of the stone is 4.0 N.

As the stone falls, the force F of air resistance acting on the rock changes.

(i) State the value of F at time t = 0.

F = ....................................................... N [1]

(ii) State the value of F at time t = 10.0 s.

F = ....................................................... N [1]

(iii) Suggest why F changes between t = 0 s and t = 10.0 s

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(c) (i) Using Fig. 1.1, determine the acceleration of the rock at time t = 4.0 s. State the unit of
your answer.

You will need to draw a tangent to the graph in Fig. 1.1 and show your working.

acceleration = ...................................... unit = .......... [3]

(ii) The mass of the stone is 408 g.

Determine the force F of air resistance acting on the rock at time t = 4.0 s.

Show your working.

F = ....................................................... N [2]

 [Total: 11]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a black car going up a hill on a sunny day.

Fig. 2.1

(a) State:

(i) one way in which the car is gaining thermal energy

............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) one way in which the car is losing thermal energy.

............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The car accelerates up the hill.

In addition to an increase in thermal energy, there are other energy transfers taking place.

Describe the other energy transfers.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [3]

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(c) At one point in the motion, the kinetic energy of the car is 90 kJ.

The mass of the car is 800 kg.

Calculate the speed of the car.

speed .................................................... m/s [3]

 [Total: 8]

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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a wooden bench of weight 2000 N.

0.48 m
2.2 m

0.25 m
support

Fig. 1.1

(a) Each of the two supports has an area of 0.040 m2 in contact with the ground.

Calculate the pressure on the ground due to the bench.

pressure = ......................................................... [2]

(b) The centre of mass of the bench is 1.1 m from the left-hand end of the bench and 0.24 m from
the front.

(i) Suggest one reason why the centre of mass is in this position.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(ii) There is a force exerted vertically downwards from the point P shown in Fig. 1.1.

Calculate the maximum force that can be exerted vertically downwards at P without the
bench rotating about the point Q shown in Fig. 1.1.

maximum force = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a man of mass 80 kg standing in a lift (elevator).

lift

man

floor

Fig. 2.1

The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

(a) Calculate the weight of the man.

weight = ......................................................... [1]

(b) The lift accelerates upwards uniformly at 0.50 m / s2.

Calculate:

(i) the resultant upward force on the man

resultant force = ......................................................... [2]

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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

1 (a) (i) State the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State two examples of each type of quantity.

scalar quantity vector quantity

1 ...................................................... 1 ......................................................

2 ...................................................... 2 ......................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the direction and size of two vectors P and Q.

Fig. 1.1

In the space next to Fig. 1.1, draw a labelled vector diagram to show the resultant vector
obtained by adding vector P to vector Q.

Draw vector P, vector Q and the resultant vector to the same scale as in Fig. 1.1.
[2]

[Total: 5]

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2 A car approaches a set of traffic lights. The lights change to red at time t = 0.

Fig. 2.1 shows how the speed of the car changes with time.

24

20
speed
m/s
16

12

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
t/s

Fig. 2.1

(a) The car starts to slow down a short time after the lights change to red.

Determine the time between the lights changing to red and the car starting to slow down.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) (i) State what is meant by uniform acceleration.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State how Fig. 2.1 shows that the deceleration of the car between t = 2 s and t = 7 s is
non-uniform.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Determine the distance the car travels from the moment the car starts to slow down until it
stops.

distance = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]
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3 Fig. 3.1 shows a small brick hanging from a newton meter.

newton meter

brick

Fig. 3.1

The reading on the newton meter is 3.0 N.

(a) Describe how the reading on the newton meter is used to find the mass of the brick.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The same brick and newton meter are used in the apparatus shown in Fig. 3.2. The meter
rule is pivoted at its centre and is balanced. The reading on the newton meter is not shown.

newton meter 0

uniform metre
pivot rule
10 cm 20 cm

Fig. 3.2

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(i) State the principle of moments for a body in equilibrium.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Determine the reading on the newton meter shown in Fig. 3.2.

reading = ......................................................... [2]

(c) A beaker of water is placed so that the brick is partly submerged in the water, as shown in
Fig. 3.3. The apparatus is adjusted to keep the rule horizontal.

newton meter 0

uniform metre
pivot rule
10 cm 20 cm

water

Fig. 3.3

Suggest why the reading on the newton meter is less than your answer in (b)(ii).

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 6]

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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

1 An aircraft flies at a constant height.

Air drag and the force from the aircraft’s engines together produce a force on the aircraft of 36 kN
due north, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

The wind produces a force of 12 kN towards the east.

north
36 kN

12 kN

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

(a) Draw a scale drawing to show the resultant force acting on the aircraft.

Use your drawing to determine the size of the resultant force and the angle between the
resultant force and north.

size of resultant force = ...............................................................

angle = ...............................................................
[3]

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(b) The acceleration of the aircraft is uniform.

(i) Describe how a uniform acceleration differs from a non-uniform acceleration.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) The mass of the aircraft is 60 000 kg.

Calculate the acceleration of the aircraft.

acceleration = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

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Section B

Answer two questions from this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a stationary horse and its rider, about to jump over two fences.

fences

Fig. 8.1

(a) Fig. 8.2 shows a side view of the horse.

Fig. 8.2

(i) On Fig. 8.2, draw and label the forces acting on the horse.

Include the force that the rider exerts on the horse. Label this force F. [3]

(ii) Explain how Newton’s third law applies to force F.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(b) Fig. 8.3 shows a side view of the two fences. They both have the same height and a uniform
density.

Fig. 8.3

(i) On each fence in Fig. 8.3, mark with a cross the centre of mass. [2]

(ii) Explain why a wider base makes the fence more stable.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) The total mass of the horse and rider is 520 kg.

(i) As they approach a fence, the horse and rider have a total kinetic energy of 4000 J.

Calculate their speed.

speed = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) The centre of mass of the horse and rider is 1.4 m above the ground.

The maximum potential energy gained by the horse and rider as they jump over the
fence is 3000 J.

Calculate the maximum height above the ground of the centre of mass during the jump.

The gravitational field strength g = 10 N / kg.

height = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 15]

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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

1 Fig. 1.1 is the distance–time graph for a skydiver who jumps from a balloon at time t = 0.

2500

2000
distance / m
1500

1000

500

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) The first part of the graph shows the motion of the skydiver from when he jumps until he
reaches terminal velocity.

(i) Describe the motion of the skydiver between t = 0 and t = 20 s.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Explain the motion of the skydiver between t = 0 and t = 20 s in terms of the forces acting
on him.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) Using Fig. 1.1, determine the terminal velocity of the skydiver.

On Fig. 1.1, indicate any values used for your calculation.

terminal velocity = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a satellite moving at a constant speed in a circular orbit around the Earth.

satellite

orbit

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

Speed is a scalar quantity but velocity is a vector quantity.

(a) State how a scalar quantity differs from a vector quantity.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Underline every vector quantity in the list.

distance displacement force length mass time

[1]

(c) There is a resultant force acting on the satellite in Fig. 2.1.

(i) Explain how the motion of the satellite shows that a resultant force is acting on it.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State the cause of this force.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

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3 Fig. 3.1 shows a door and an automatic door-closer viewed from above.

point X

0.72 m P

door

bar
door closer

hinge
F
bar fixed to wall

Fig. 3.1

When the door opens and closes, the hinge acts as a pivot.

A girl opens the door by exerting a force P at point X.

Force P is perpendicular to the surface of the door.

(a) Fig. 3.1 shows that point X is a distance of 0.72 m along the front of the door from the hinge.
The force P is 25 N.

(i) Calculate the moment of force P about the hinge.

moment of force = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) The door rotates about the hinge by 90°. The circumference of a circle of radius 0.72 m is
4.5 m.

Calculate the work done on the door by force P.

work done = ......................................................... [2]

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(b) As the door opens, there is a force F on the door in the direction shown in Fig. 3.1.

Although force F is larger than force P, the door rotates about the hinge.

Explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 6]

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