Index

 INTRODUCTION
 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
 REVIEWS OF LITERATURE
 RESEARCH GAP
 IMPORTANCE
 METHODOLOGY
 CHARACTERIZATION
 REFERENCE
 Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of
metal complexes of Schiff bases as a ligand.
Introduction:
 Schiff's base reaction was investigated by Hugo Schiff from last 155
years ago and these compounds are still having attention from
scientists and researchers due to their application in different field
Schiff bases play an important role in the inorganic chemistry as they
easily form stable complexes with most transition metal ion skip
bases are an important class of ligand in coordination chemistry.
 Schiff Bases are generally bi or tridentate, tetradentate, polydentate
ligand and very stable complex with transition metal
 Schiff base compound are prepared from the reaction of primary
amine with the carbonyl group of aldehyde or ketone

Metal Complex Formation:

Synthesis of Schiff Bases:

Mechanism:
  Schiff base have functional group carbon nitrogen double bond called
as imine or azomethine, this Imine group is very important for
complex reaction and give an important application in biological
activity.
 The Schiff base mechanism is a nucleophilic addition reaction
through carbonyl group. The nucleophile is the primary amine which
is react with the aliphatic or aromatic aldehyde or ketone to give an
intermediate compound we lose water molecule by the hydrolysis
process with acidic or basic medium as a catalyst.
 These compounds are decreased the free radical in the human body,
which is causes various disorder and disease. The metal ions are
responsible for the operation of enzyme system in the human body.

Research objectives:
The research objective is the presence of biological activity of the Schiff
base complex and ligand against the cancer and bacterial.

Research Hypothesis:
A large number of scape bases and their complexes have been studied for
their interesting and important property

Example:
 Their ability to reversibly bind oxygen
 Catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of olefin
 Transfer of an amino group
 Photochromic properties
 Complexing ability towards some toxic metal

International Review of Literature

Panneerselvam Describe the synthesis and study in vitro antibacterial
activity of 11 morpholine-derived Schiff base. against S. aureus and
micrococcus luteus were the bacteria most sensitive to the morpholine-
derived Schiff.
 Emad Yousif was work on synthesis Characterization Schiff base
from 4- Nitro benzoic acid and thiosemicarbazone further he prepared
its metal complex. He tested it on microbes then microbes were killed
and more strongly affected by the application of metal complex of 4-
nitrobenzoic acid and thiosemicarbazone.
 In 2015, Kulandaisamy A. and Palanimurugan. A. prepared the new
transition metal complexes of VO (II), Co (1), Ni (1), Cu (1), Zn (II).

Research Gap:
 Schiff bases are capable of forming different type of chelating
complexes using various metal in different oxidation states. They
have been reported to possess variety of biological activities including
antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, antianalgesic, etc.
 Further research should focus on exploring the mechanism of action
of Schiff base complexes and advanced their development as
potential chelating agent.

Importance:
1. Chemical synthesis: They are used in organic chemistry as versatile
intermediate for synthesizing various compound including
pharmaceuticals, dyes and complex molecule
2. Catalysis: Schiff bases act as a catalyst asymmetric synthesis and
oxidation reaction in various organic reaction including
3. Medicine: Schiff Bases and their metal making complex exhibit
biological activities them potential condition in drug design particularly
in anti-cancer, antibacterial and antifungal agent. They were also
found to exhibit a broad range of biological activity.
4. Coordination chemistry: They are Widely employed as a ligand for
metal ions in coordination chemistry due to their ability to form stable
complexes with various metal.
 5. Material science: Schiff bases are utilized in the development of
material such as liquid catalyst, polymers and sensors due to their
diverse structure and electronic property.
6. Analytical chemistry: They are using analytical technique for the
detection and determination of certain metals and compounds due to
their selective complexation properties.
7. It has antimicrobial activity so that it can be used as anti-microbes in
several cases such as viral infections.
8. It may be used in the manure for anti-culture purpose depending
upon their non-toxic effect on plant.
9. Schiff bases had many applications in organic compounds in various
aspects.
10. Schiff bases use as intermediate in organic synthesis and
polymer stabilizer.

National literature Review:-

In 2009 Al-Masoudi N and coworker synthesized metal complex of 1,2,4
triazole Schiff base Which was given antiviral properties against human
immunodeficiency Virus Sinha D. and Anjani. K. Singh and Coworker has
synthesized characterization and biological activity of Schiff bases
analogous of indole 3- carboxyl aldehyde and studied antibacterial effect
increases by increasing the concentration of these complexes especially on
S. aureus and K. Pneumonia
In 2013 Laila H and co- Workers investigation the ion of Fe(II) with Schiff
base amino acid chelates derived from the Ortho-hydroxylate aldehyde with
different amino acid The Fe(II) complexes were synthesized and
characterized via chemical and physical measurement . In 2014 Sharma M
and co-workers’ investigation a new Schiff base compound of hydrazine
derivatives with different substitution group and all these derivatives were
characterized by using physical and chemical analytical technique Kareem.
M. and Salman. H. Synthesized the transition metal complexes of Ni (II)
and Cu (II) from the azo ligand derived which prepared from 4-amino
antipyrine. The ligand and their Complexes were characterized by
electronic measurement. Such as infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis and
others. The Suggest geometry of these complexes was octahedral
Structure. The complexes of 4-amino antipyrine derivatives with transition
metal have the anti-cancer activity and antimicrobial properties. Also, the
azo compound and their Complexes have a biological activity with
pharmaceutical and analytical application such as antimicrobial, anti-
inflammatory, antiparasitic activity, antifungal, antibiotics And antiulcer drug.
The biological activity of metal Complexes derivative of 4-amino antipyrine
was tested Against gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes And
Staphylococcus aureus), and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli,
Proteus Mirabilis, Klebsiella Pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio and
Acinetobacter baumannii and the metal complex was gave A good result as
on antibacterial activity.

Methodology:
The Methodology for studying Schiff base metal complex in two steps,
1.synthesis of Schiff base.
The Schiff base were synthesizing condensation of Substituted aniline and
substituted benzaldehyde In Presence of ethanol will stir for 2 hours at
ambient Temperature On magnetic stirrer, 3 to 4 drops Concentrated acid is
added into it. After cooling Reaction mixture was pour into the ice-cold
water. With stirring still the precipitation is complete to Obtain titled product.
The light-yellow color Crystals will be obtained. It then dries and
recrystallized with ethanol. Crystals are dry at room temperature.

General reaction:
Characterizations:
Characterization methods -
 The proposed structure of ligands Was created by mass,
infrared and Nuclear magnetic resonance Techniques. Mass
spectra of Prepared ligands showed molecular.

 Ion peak at m/z 370, 371 and 521 For L1, L2 And L3,
respectively, but with Low relative abundance, and the
appearance of a set of fragments which indicating the
presence of the Proposed compound.
 The mass Spectra of complexes did not exhibit the peaks
that due to their Molecular ions. However, it has Shown the
fragments confirming the Presence Of these compounds.
 The FT-IR spectra for synthesis Compounds showed weak
bands at range 3,446-3,238 cm-1 which Assign to stretching
vibration of- NH groups, and 1 or 2 bands at the range
between 3,045-3,086 cm-1.
 Due to symmetrical and Asymmetrical stretching vibration of
C-H aromatic. In addition to the strong band at range 1,608-
1,552 cm-1.
  Attributed to stretching vibration of Azomethines group, this
band has a shifting in complexes compounds Due to the
coordination between Metals and ligands.

Reference:
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Characterization, and Biological.
2. One and Its Metal (1) Complexes", Bioinorg. Chem. Appl.,
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3. Evaluation Studies of 5-Bromo-3-(((hydroxy-2-
Methylquinolin-7-yl) methylene) hydrazona) indolin.
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M.; Gadek J., Chmiela M.; Gonciarz W.; Pasternak B. and
Kufelnicki A. "Equilibria in Aqueous Cobalt(II)-Reduced Schiff
Bose N-(2Hydroxybenzyl)alanine System: Chemical
Characterization, Kinetic Analysis, Antimicrobial and
Cytotoxic Properties". Molecules, 25(15), 22-43, 2020.
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"Synthesis and AB initio study of biologically important
thioamide". LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2018.
6. Gavalyan V. B., "Synthesis and characterization of New
chitosan-based Schiff base compounds", Carbohydr. Polym.,
145, 37-47, 2016.[5] Boceiri N.; Benabdallah T. and M. Hadi
"Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Series of
Amphiphilic Mercapto-1,2,4-triazole Schiff Base Ligands:
Investigation of their Behavior in Hydro-Organic Solutions",
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with Trivalent Chromium, Iron, Cobalt lons", J.
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