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Chapter 2 Stars and Constellations

Constellations are defined areas of the sky with recognized star patterns, totaling 88 as per the International Astronomical Union. They originated from the observations of farmers, navigators, and astronomers, with historical naming attributed to Greeks and others. The document also covers zodiac signs, characteristics of stars, and provides a list of smartphone apps for stargazing.

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Andria TSibal
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7 views

Chapter 2 Stars and Constellations

Constellations are defined areas of the sky with recognized star patterns, totaling 88 as per the International Astronomical Union. They originated from the observations of farmers, navigators, and astronomers, with historical naming attributed to Greeks and others. The document also covers zodiac signs, characteristics of stars, and provides a list of smartphone apps for stargazing.

Uploaded by

Andria TSibal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONSTELLATIONS

Presented by: Mr. Mark Anthony G. Del Fin


What are constellations?
A constellation is a defined
area of the sky containing
a star pattern.

There are 88 constellations


recognized by the
International Astronomical
Union
What are asterisms?
- a star pattern that is not a
constellation
e.g. Pleaides
- can be a group of stars within
one constellation
e.g. Orion’s Belt
- can be a group of stars from
different constellations
e.g. Heavenly G, Winter Triangle
Where did they come from?
1. Farmers
- constellations as season
Indicators

Spring – planting
Fall – harvest
Where did they come from?
2. Navigators
- constellations as guides

Polaris (North star) in the


constellation of
Ursa Minor (the Little Bear)
Where did they come from?
3. Astronomers
- constellations as regions

(rectangular slices of the


heavens holding the stars
within them)
Who named them?
1. Greeks recognized and named 48
constellations
e.g. Pegasus, Andromeda, Hercules
2. Johann Bayer named constellations after
sea creatures
e.g. Hydra
3. La Caille named constellations after
scientific names
e.g. Telescopium, Microscopium
Constellation Seen on Different Months
of the Year

1. Winter – December, January and February


Constellation Seen on Different Months
of the Year

2. Spring – March, April and May


Constellation Seen on Different Months
of the Year

3. Summer – June, July and August


Constellation Seen on Different Months
of the Year

4. Autumn – September, October and


November.
The Zodiacs
1. Aries - Ram
2. Taurus - Bull
3. Gemini - Twins
4. Cancer - Crab
5. Leo - Lion
6. Virgo - Virgin
7. Libra - Scale
8. Scorpius - Scorpion
9. Ophiuchus- Serpent Bearer
10. Sagittarius - Archer
11. Capricornus - Goat
12. Aquarius - Water Carrier
13. Pisces - Fishes
The Zodiacs
The Zodiacs
Free Smartphone Apps For Stargazing
● NASA App
● Stellarium
● SkyView Free
● GoSkyWatch Planetarium
● ISS Detector
● Sky Map
● SkEye Astronomy
● Star & Planet Finder
● Satellite Augmented Reality
STARS
STARS
A star is a large ball of hot gas,
emitting large amount of radiant
energy from nuclear reactions in
its interior.
CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS

BRIGHTNESS
• Described in terms of
magnitude and luminosity
• Dependent on its size and
distance from Earth
• Hipparchus devised a scale
of 1-6 to describe the
apparent magnitude of the
star
BRIGHTNESS
CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
COLOR AND SURFACE
TEMPERATURE
Stars color indicates that
temperature of its surface
• Hottest stars appear blue
• Milder stars appear yellow
• Relatively cool stars appear
red
CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
Size
Expressed in terms of radius of
the sun or solar radius
• Dwarf – very small stars;
• Giant Stars - twice to 10
times larger than our sun
• Super Giant Stars - more
than 10 times larger than our
sun
TRIVIA
DID YOU KNOW?
Second nearest star to Earth is
Proxima Centauri

Sirius, also called Alpha


Canis Majoris or the Dog
Star, brightest star in
the night sky,

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