X bar R Chart explained with

a solved example.
Statistical Process Control (SPC)
Discussion point
Hi Readers! Today we will discuss about the Mean and Range chart. It is also called X̅ – R
chart. This type of chart is used for variable data or continuous data. Sample size should
lie between 2<n<10.

Why is X bar R chart used for?

* X bar chart monitors the mean between sample values.

* R chart monitors the variation within samples and R chart is analysed before X-bar
chart to determine out of control situations, as R chart reflects process variability,
which should be brought into control.
* If R chart shows out of control range, then the X-bar chart is meaningless.
Steps to draw X bar – R Chart in Excel sheet.
X bar R Chart
8.5
8
7.5

bar
7
6.5
6
5.5

AVERAGE
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Average X.double bar UCLx LCLx USL LSL

6.00

5.00

4.00

RANGE R
3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
R.bar Range UCLR LCLR

Sub group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Time
Date
Input Info If n= 5 then A2 0.577 D4 2.114 D3 0 USL 8 LSL 4
X1 5.4 4.8 7.5 4.7 4.5 3.9 6.5 5.8 6.2 7.1 5.5 6 6.2 4.3 4.7 5.3 6.6 3.9
X2 6.2 7.3 7.5 4.8 7.5 6.5 5.8 6.2 7.1 5.5 4.8 7.5 6.5 7.1 5.5 6 6.6 3.9
X3 7.5 4.7 4.5 3.9 6.2 7.1 5.5 4.8 4.3 4.7 5.3 6.6 3.9 6.5 5.8 6.2 6 6.2
X4 7.1 5.5 4.8 7.5 6.5 7.1 7.5 4.7 4.5 3.9 3.9 6.5 5.8 6.2 6 6.2 3.9 3.9
X5 4.3 4.7 5.3 6.6 3.9 6.5 7.1 5.5 4.8 7.5 6.5 5.8 6.2 7.1 7.5 6.5 7.5 6.5
sum of individual 30.5 27 29.6 27.5 28.6 31.1 32.4 27 26.9 28.7 26 32.4 28.6 31.2 29.5 30.2 30.6 24.4
Average 6.1 5.4 5.92 5.5 5.72 6.22 6.48 5.4 5.38 5.74 5.2 6.48 5.72 6.24 5.9 6.04 6.12 4.88
X.double bar 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86 5.86
UCLx 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37
LCLx 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35
USL 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
LSL 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
R.bar 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62
Range 3.2 2.6 3 3.6 3.6 3.2 2 1.5 2.8 3.6 2.6 1.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 1.2 3.6 2.6
UCLR 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.53
LCLR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Step 1.
Calculate the sample mean and range for each sample

Sub-group Mean :

X Bar = (X1 + X2 + X3 + …….+Xn )

_______________________________
n
n = Number of samples in a subgroup.
Step 2.

Subgroup Range :

R bar = X max – X min (Within each group) & Average range (R bar)

R Bar = R1 + R2 + R3 + ……………. Rk
____________________________________
K
k =Number of subgroups used to determine the Average Range
Step 3.

Grand Average

X = X1 + X2 + X3 …………… + Xk
_______________________________
K

K = Number of subgroups used to determine the Grand average.

Formula for X bar - R chart

Centrelines

Let us understand with an example. Suppose we have taken a sample size of 5 no’s of Pencils and measured the
length of the sample. USL & LSL of sample 6 +/- 2. We did it For the 25 Nos subgroup. Then we took the sum of
individual subgroups and an average of subgroups. Additional information if Sample size n= 5 then A = 0.577 , D =
2.114 , D = 0
 sum of Average
Step – 1. Sub group X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
individual (total/5)
1 5.40 6.20 7.50 7.10 4.30 30.50 6.10
2 4.80 7.30 4.70 5.50 4.70 27.00 5.40
3 7.50 7.50 4.50 4.80 5.30 29.60 5.92
4 4.70 4.80 3.90 7.50 6.60 27.50 5.50
5 4.50 7.50 6.20 6.50 3.90 28.60 5.72
6 3.90 6.50 7.10 7.10 6.50 31.10 6.22
7 6.50 5.80 5.50 7.50 7.10 32.40 6.48
8 5.80 6.20 4.80 4.70 5.50 27.00 5.40
9 6.20 7.10 4.30 4.50 4.80 26.90 5.38
10 7.10 5.50 4.70 3.90 7.50 28.70 5.74
11 5.50 4.80 5.30 3.90 6.50 26.00 5.20
12 6.00 7.50 6.60 6.50 5.80 32.40 6.48
13 6.20 6.50 3.90 5.80 6.20 28.60 5.72
14 4.30 7.10 6.50 6.20 7.10 31.20 6.24
15 4.70 5.50 5.80 6.00 7.50 29.50 5.90
16 5.30 6.00 6.20 6.20 6.50 30.20 6.04
17 6.60 6.60 6.00 3.90 7.50 30.60 6.12
18 3.90 3.90 6.20 3.90 6.50 24.40 4.88
19 6.50 6.50 4.30 6.50 5.80 29.60 5.92
20 5.80 4.80 4.70 7.50 6.60 29.40 5.88
21 6.20 7.50 3.90 6.50 3.90 28.00 5.60
22 5.80 6.50 6.50 7.10 6.50 32.40 6.48
23 6.20 6.20 5.80 5.50 5.80 29.50 5.90
24 7.30 4.30 6.50 6.00 6.20 30.30 6.06
25 7.50 4.70 5.80 6.50 6.50 31.00 6.20
Step – 2
Subgroup Range

Ri = X max – X min (Within each group) & Range Average

For Subgroup 1 , X max = 7.5 , X min = 4.3
Range = 7.5 – 4.3 = 3.2
Ranges of all subgroups are calculated in the same way.
3.2, 2.6, 3, 3.6 ,3.6 ,3.2, 2, 1.5, 2.8, 3.6, 2.6, 1.7, 2.6, 2.8, 2.8, 1.2, 3.6, 2.6, 2.2 ,2.8, 3.6, 1.3, 0.7, 3, 2.8 (R1, R2,
..R25)

(3.2,+ 2.6 + 3 + 3.6 + 3.6 + 3.2 + 2 + 1.5 + 2.8 + 3.6+ 2.6+ 1.7+ 2.6+ 2.8+ 2.8+ 1.2+ 3.6+ 2.6+ 2.2 + 2.8+ 3.6+ 1.3+ 0.7+3+ 2.8 )
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
25

= 2.62
Step – 3

Grand Average

Grand Average:

(6.10+5.40+5.92+5.50+5.72+6.22+6.48+5.40+5.38+5.74
+5.20+6.48+5.72+6.24+5.90+6.04+6.12+4.88+5.92+5.88
+5.60+6.48+5.90+6.06+6.20)
___________________________________________________________________________
25

= 5.86
Interpretation of X bar R chart

From the above chart, it is seen that

the average subgroup data is within
the upper & lower control limits. No
data point is outside of the control
limit. If any data falls outside of The
control limit then in that case, the
revised control limit needs to be
defined.

The range of subgroups is also

within the upper & lower control
limits.
Thankyou….