UNIT NO # 10

SIMPLE
HARMONIC
MOTION
AND
WAVES

TOPIC WISE IMPORTANT SHORT & LONG QUESTIONS

PAST PAPERS M.C.Qs, SHORT AND LONG QUESTION

INCLUDE SOLVED EXERCISE, M.C.Qs & LONG QUESTIONS

BY: ARSLAN TYAGI (BS-PHYSICS)

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Topic :

“ Simple Harmonic Motion “

Q1: Define Simple harmonic and prove that the mass attached to spring is SHM

Simple Harmonic Motion

“Simple harmonic motion occurs when the net force is directly proportional to the
displacement from the mean position and is always directed towards the mean position “
Motion of Mass Attached To a spring
One of the simplest types of oscillatory motion is that of horizontal mass spring system. If the
spring is stretched and compressed through a small displacement x from its mean position it
exerts a force F on mass m
Hooke’s law
“Force is directly proportional to the change in length x of the spring “
F ∝ −x
𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥 ………………………………… (1)
Spring constant
k is constant called spring constant. The value of k is a measure of the stiffness of the spring.
Value of k is large for stiff spring and small for soft spring
𝐹
𝑘=−
𝑥
Mathematical
According to Newton 2nd law of motion
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 …………………. (2)
From equ. (1) & (2)
−𝑘𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑚𝑎
𝑘=−
𝑥
𝑘
𝑎 = −( )𝑥
𝑚
𝑎 ∝ −𝑥
The negative sign means that the force exerted by the spring is always directed opposite to
the displacement of mass
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Restoring force

A restoring force always pushes or pulls the object performing oscillatory motion towards
the mean position

Steps of motion of mass attached to a spring

 when no force is applied , the mass m is at O mean position

 when force is applied , the mass m covers a distance x and moves to point A extreme
position
 At extreme position A when mass is released , it moves back to point O due to
restoring force
 Due to inertia , mass does not stop at point O and goes to point B
 At point B mass stops for a while and then goes back towards O

This process repeated and mass moves to and fro about a mean position. Such motion of
mass attached to a spring is called Simple Harmonic Motion

Speed of mass from (mean to extreme ) and (extreme to mean) {OPTIONAL}

From mean to extreme position the restoring force acting on it towards the mean position
steadily increase in strength. Hence speed of mass decreases as it moves towards the
extreme position. At this position it comes to at rest and then return to its mean position due
to restoring force

Time period

𝑚
𝑇 = 2𝜋√ 𝑘
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Q2: Define Simple harmonic and prove that ball and bowl system is SHM
Simple Harmonic Motion

“Simple harmonic motion occurs when the net force is directly proportional to the
displacement from the mean position and is always directed towards the mean position “

Explanation

 At center O
When the ball is at mean position, net force acting on the ball is zero. In the position,
weight of the ball acts downward and is equal to the upward normal force of the
surface of the bowl. Hence there is no motion
 Extreme To Mean
Now if we bring the ball to position A and then release it, the will start moving towards
the mean position due to restoring force cause by its weight
 Mean To Extreme
At position O the ball gets maximum speed due to inertia it moves towards the
extreme position B while going towards extreme positon ball speed decreases
 At Extreme Position
At extreme position the ball stops for a while and then return to its mean position
Hence ball continues it’s to and fro motion until all its energy lost due to friction. Thus
to and fro motion of the ball is Simple Harmonic Motion
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Q3: Define Simple harmonic and prove that motion of simple pendulum is SHM

Simple Harmonic Motion

“Simple harmonic motion occurs when the net force is directly proportional to the
displacement from the mean position and is always directed towards the mean position “

Construction

A simple pendulum consist of small bob of mass m suspended from a light string of length l
fixed at its upper end. In equilibrium position “O “the net force on the bob is zero and the bob
is stationary.

Figure

Steps of simple pendulum motion

 When no force is applied the mass m is at O (mean position )

 When force is applied, the mass m moves to point A (extreme position)
 Tension T and mgsinθ cancels each other
 Due to restoring force mgsinθ, mass goes to point O
 Due to inertia , mass does not stop at point O and goes to point B
 At point B mass stops for a while and then goes back towards O

Speed of the Bob

Speed of the bob increases while moving from A to O due to restoring force which act
towards O. therefore acceleration of the bob is always directed towards. Similarly, when bob
moves from O to B, its speed decreases due to restoring force which again acts towards O.
Therefore, acceleration of the bob is again directed towards
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Simple harmonic motion of Simple Pendulum

The acceleration of the bob is always directed towards the mean position O. Hence the
motion of a simple pendulum is SHM.
Time period

𝑙
𝑇 = 2𝜋√
𝑔

Q4: Define Simple harmonic and write down the features of SHM

Simple Harmonic Motion

“Simple harmonic motion occurs when the net force is directly proportional to the
displacement from the mean position and is always directed towards the mean position “

Features of SHM

 A body executing SHM always vibrates about a fixed position.

 Its acceleration is always directed towards the mean position.
 The magnitude of acceleration is always directly proportional to its displacement
from the mean position i.e., acceleration will be zero at the mean position while it
will be maximum at the extreme positions.
 Its velocity is maximum at the mean position and zero at the extreme positions

SHORT QUESTIONS
Q1 Define simple harmonic motion
Simple harmonic motion occurs when the net force is directly proportional to the
displacement from the mean position and is always directed towards the mean position
Q2 What is simple pendulum?
A simple pendulum consist of small bob of mass m suspended from a light string of length
l fixed at its upper end. In equilibrium position “O “the net force on the bob is zero and
the bob is stationary.

Q3 State Hooke’s law also write its unit and formula

Statement:
“Force is directly proportional to the change in length x of the spring “
F ∝ −x
𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥
Unit: Nm-1
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Q4 What is spring constant?

k is constant called spring constant. The value of k is a measure of the stiffness of the
spring. Value of k is large for stiff spring and small for soft spring
𝐹
𝑘=−
𝑥
Q5 Define restoring force
A restoring force always pushes or pulls the object performing oscillatory motion
towards the mean position
Q6 How many time does human ear drum oscillate?
Human eardrum oscillate 20000 times in one second back and forth
Q7 What is the displacement of an object in SHM when the kinetic and
potential energies are equal?
When an object is exactly at the midpoint of mean and extreme position
Q8 What are the necessary condition for simple harmonic motion?
I. There must be elastic restoring force in the system
II. The system must have inertia
III. a∝-x
Q9 Defines
Vibration: One complete round trip of a vibrating body about its mean position is called
one vibration.
Time Period (T): The time taken by a vibrating body to complete one vibration is called
time period.
Frequency (f): The number of vibrations or cycles of a vibrating body in one second is
called its frequency. It is reciprocal of time period i.e., f = 1/T
Amplitude (A): The maximum displacement of a vibrating body on either side from its
mean position is called its amplitude.
Q10 Find the time period and frequency of a simple
pendulum 1.0 m long at a location where g = 10.0 ms-2
Solution: Given, = 1.0 m, g = 10.0 m s -2

Q11 Who was Christian Huygens and what is his contribution?

Christian Huygens invented the pendulum clock in 1656. He was inspired by the work of
Galileo who had discovered that all pendulums of the same length took the same
amount of time to complete one full swing. Huygens developed the first clock that
could accurately measure time.
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Topic :

“Damped Oscillations “
Q5: What Is Damped Oscillations? Explain It
Define: the oscillations of a system in the presence of some resistive force are damped
oscillations

Explanations : Vibratory motion of ideal systems in the absence of any

friction or resistance. Practically, in all systems, the force of friction retards the motion, so
the systems do not oscillate indefinitely.

Role of friction: The friction reduces the mechanical energy of the system as time passes,
and the motion is said to be damped. This damping progressively reduces the amplitude of
the vibration of motion
Example : Shock absorbers in automobiles are one practical application of damped motion.
A shock absorber consists of a piston moving through a liquid such as oil . The upper part of
the shock absorber is firmly attached to the body of the car. When the car travels over a
bump on the road, the car may vibrate violently. The shock absorbers damp these vibrations
and convert their energy into heat energy of the oil.

Figure :

SHORT QUESTIONS

Q1 What is shock absorber ?

A shock absorber consists of a piston moving through a liquid such as oil . The upper
part of the shock absorber is firmly attached to the body of the car. When the car
travels over a bump on the road, the car may vibrate violently. The shock absorbers
damp these vibrations and convert their energy into heat energy of the oil.
Q2 Define damped oscillations
the oscillations of a system in the presence of some resistive force are damped
oscillations
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Topic :

“ Wave Motion “

Q6: Define Wave And Explain Its Type

Define :

A Wave Is A Disturbance In The Medium Which Causes The Particles Of The Medium To
Undergo Vibratory Motion About Their Mean Position In Equal Intervals Of Time.
Types :
1. Mechanical Waves
2. Electromagnetic Waves
Mechanical Waves:

Waves Which Require Any Medium For Their Propagation Are Called Mechanical Waves.
Examples:

Water Waves, Sound Waves And Waves Produced On The Strings And Springs.
Electromagnetic Waves:

Waves Which Do Not Require Any Medium For Their Propagation Are Called Electromagnetic
Waves.
Examples
Radio waves, Television Waves, X-Rays, Heat And Light Waves

SHORT QUESTIONS

Q1 What Is Wave Motion?

Waves play an important role in our daily life. It is because waves are carrier of
energy and information over large distances. Waves require some oscillating or
vibrating source

Q2 Define wave and its types

Define :
A Wave Is A Disturbance In The Medium Which Causes The Particles Of The Medium
To Undergo Vibratory Motion About Their Mean Position In Equal Intervals Of Time.
Types :
1. Mechanical Waves
2. Electromagnetic Waves
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Q3 Differentiate between mechanical and electromagnetic waves

Mechanical Waves:
Waves Which Require Any Medium For Their Propagation Are Called Mechanical
Waves.
Examples:
Water Waves, Sound Waves And Waves Produced On The Strings And Springs.
Electromagnetic Waves:
Waves Which Do Not Require Any Medium For Their Propagation Are Called
Electromagnetic Waves.
Examples
Radio waves, Television Waves, X-Rays, Heat And Light Waves

Q4 Do mechanical waves pass through vacuum, that is, empty space?

No, mechanical waves cannot pass through vacuum .Because it always
require some medium for their propagation

Topic :

“ Types Of Mechanical Waves “

Q7: Differentiate Between Longitudinal And Transverse Waves

Longitudinal waves
Define :
In longitudinal waves the particles of the medium move back and forth along the direction of
propagation of wave.
Region of waves:
A series of disturbances in the form of waves will start moving along the length of the slinky.
“ a wave consists of regions called compressions where the loops of the spring are close
together. In the regions of compression, particles of the medium are closer together “
“ Alternating with regions called rarefactions (expansions), where the loops are spaced
apart. While in the regions of rarefaction, particles of the medium are spaced apart. “
“The distance between two consecutive compressions is called wavelength. “
Figure:

Example:
Longitudinal waves can be produced on a spring (slinky) placed on a smooth floor or a long
bench. Fix one end of the slinky with a rigid support and hold the other end into your hand.
Now give it a regular push and pull quickly in the
direction of its length
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Transverse waves

Define:
In case of transverse waves, the vibratory motion of particles of the medium is perpendicular
to the direction of propagation of waves

Region of waves:
The crests are the highest points while the troughs are the lowest points of the particles of
the medium from the mean position. The distance between two consecutive crests or
troughs is called wavelength. The crests and troughs move perpendicular to the direction of
the wave.

Figure:

Example:
We can produce transverse waves with the help of a slinky. Stretch out a slinky along a
smooth floor with one end fixed. Grasp the other end of the slinky and move it up and down
quickly. A wave in the form of alternate crests and troughs will start travelling towards the
fixed end.

Q8: Describe Wave As A Career Of Energy In Detail

Energy can be transferred from one place to another through
waves.
For example:
when we shake the stretched string up and down, we provide our muscular energy to the
string. As a result, a set of waves can be seen travelling along the string. The vibrating force
from the hand disturbs the particles of the string and sets them in motion. These particles
then transfer their energy to the adjacent particles in the string. Energy is thus transferred
from one place of the medium to the other in the form of wave.
Factors : The amount of energy carried by the wave depends on the distance of the
stretched string from its rest position. That is, the energy in a wave depends on the
amplitude of the wave.
If we shake the string faster, we give more energy per second to produce wave of higher
frequency, and the wave delivers more energy per second to the particles of the string as it
moves forward.
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Q9 : Prove that v = fλ or

Explain the RELATION BETWEEN VELOCITY, FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGTH

Wave is a disturbance in a medium which travels from one

place to another and hence has a specific velocity of travelling.
This is called the velocity of wave
Velocity = distance/time
𝑑
𝑣=
𝑡
If time taken by the wave in moving from one point to another
is equal to its time period T, then the distance covered by the
wave will be equal to one wavelength .
𝜆
𝑣=
𝑇
But time period T, is reciprocal of the frequency f, i.e.,
1
𝑇=
𝑓
𝒗 = 𝒇𝝀

SHORT QUESTIONS
Q1 Why Transverse waves move through solids at a speed of less than half of the
speed of longitudinal waves ?
Longitudinal waves move faster through solids than through gases or liquids.
Transverse waves move through solids at a speed of less than half of the speed of
longitudinal waves. It is because the restoring force exerted during this up and
down motion of particles of the medium is less than the restoring force exerted by a
back and forth motion of particles of the medium in case of longitudinal waves.
Q2 What Is the relation between frequency and energy of the wave?
Generating a high frequency wave, requires more energy per second than to
generate a low frequency wave. Thus, a high frequency wave carries more energy
than a low frequency wave of the same amplitude.
Q3 Define seismic waves
Earthquake produces waves through the crust of the Earth in the form of seismic
waves. By studying such waves, the geophysicists learn about the internal structure
Q4 A wave moves on a slinky with frequency of4 Hz and wavelength of 0.4 m. What is
the speed of the wave?
Solution:
Given that,
f = 4 Hz, λ = 0.4 m
Wave speed
v=fλ
= (4 Hz) (0.4 m)
v = 1.6 ms -1
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Topic :

“ Ripple Tank“
Q10: Define and Explain Ripple tank

Define :

Ripple tank is a device to produce water waves and to study their characteristics.

Construction:
This apparatus consists of a rectangular tray having glass bottom and is placed nearly half
meter above the surface of a table . Waves can be produced on the surface of water present
in the tray by means of a vibrator (paddle). This vibrator is an oscillating electric motor fixed
on a wooden plate over the tray such that its lower surface just touches the surface of
water. On setting the vibrator ON, this wooden plate starts vibrating to generate water
waves consisting of straight wave fronts .An electric bulb is hung above the tray to observe
the image of water waves on the paper or screen. The crests and troughs of the waves
appear as bright and dark lines respectively, on the screen.
Figure :
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Q11: Explain The Properties Of Waves With Ripple Tank

Reflection of waves
when waves moving in one medium fall on the surface of another medium they bounce back
into the first medium such that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
Explanation:
Place a barrier in the ripple tank. The water waves will reflect from the . If the is placed at an
angle to the barrier wave front, the reflected waves can be seen to obey the law of
reflection i.e., the angle of the incident wave along the normal will be equal to the angle of
the reflected wave

figure:

Refraction of waves

When a wave from one medium enters into the second medium at some angle, its direction
of travel changes.

explanation:
the boundary between the deep and the shallower water is at some angle to the wave front
.now we will observe that in addition to the change in wavelength, the waves change their
direction of propagation as well. Note that the direction of propagation is always normal to
the wave fronts. This change of path of water waves while passing from a region of deep
water to that of shallower one is called refraction
figure:
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Diffraction
The bending or spreading of waves around the sharp edges or corners of obstacles
or slits is called diffraction

explanation:
The phenomenon of diffraction of water waves. Generate straight waves in a ripple
tank and place two obstacles in line in such a way that separation between them is
equal to the wavelength of water waves. After passing through a small slit between
the two obstacles, the waves will spread in every direction and change into almost
semicircular pattern
figure:

Diffraction of waves can only be observed clearly if the size of the obstacle is
comparable with the wavelength of the wave. Shows the diffraction of waves while
passing through a slit with size larger than the wavelength of the wave. Only a small
diffraction occurs near the corners of the obstacle.
Figure:
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SHORT QUESTIONS

Q1 What happens to the direction of wave when water waves pass from deep to
shallow part of the water?
When water waves pass from deep to shallow part of water angle of refraction will
be greater than the angle of incidence

Q2 Are the magnitudes of angle of incidence and angle of refraction equal?

No

Q3 which will be greater?

∠r >∠i
Q4 The amount of energy transferred by a wave depends upon which factors ?
It depends upon the amplitude of the wave

Important objectives

Topic :

“ Simple Harmonic Motion “

1. In simple harmonic motion , velocity at extreme position is :
a) Maximum b) Minimum c) Zero d) Constant
2. If time period I given then frequency is calculated as :
1 2 3 4
a) 𝑓=𝑇 b) 𝑓 = 𝑇 c) 𝑓 = 𝑇 d) 𝑓 = 𝑇
3. The number of waves passing through a point in one second is called
a) Frequency b) Displacement c) Wavelength d) Amplitude
4. SI unit of amplitude is :
a) m b) Hz c) Kg d) cm
5. Formula to calculate the time period of simple pendulum
𝑘 𝑚 𝑙 𝑚
a) 𝑇 = 2𝜋√ b) 𝑇 = 2𝜋√ 𝑘 c) 𝑇 = 2𝜋√𝑔 d) 𝑇 = 2𝜋√ 𝑙
𝑚
6. When a body moves to and fro about a point , its motion is called :
a) Random motion b) Vibratory motion c) Linear motion d) Rotatory motion
7. In motion of simple pendulum restoring force is provided by :
a) Air resistance b) Tension in string c) Force of gravity d) Inertia
8. The formula of Hooke’s law
a) 𝑘 = −𝐹𝑥 b) 𝑥 = −𝑘𝐹 2𝐹 d) 𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥
c) 𝑘 = − 𝑥
9. The unit of frequency is :
a) Second b) Hertz c) Ampere d) Newton
10. Kinetic energy of spring of mass spring system is max. at
a) Extreme position b) Mean position c) Both a&b d) None
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11. The spring constant is :

𝐹 𝑥
a) F=ma b) W=mg c) 𝑘 = − 𝑥 d) 𝑘 = − 𝑚
12. If the length of the simple pendulum is doubled its time period will be :
c) 2T 𝑇
a) √2𝑇 b) 𝑇/√2 d) 2
13. Formula to calculate the time period of mass attached to a spring
𝑘 𝑚 𝑙 𝑚
e) 𝑇 = 2𝜋√𝑚 f) 𝑇 = 2𝜋√ g) 𝑇 = 2𝜋√ h) 𝑇 = 2𝜋√
𝑘 𝑔 𝑙
14. Unit of time period is
a) Sec b) Hz c) m d) Js-1
15. Time period of vibrating mass spring system , when its mass become doubled :
a) Remain same b) Become half c) Increased d) Decreased
16. Unit of spring constant “k”
a) ms-1 b) Nm c) m d) Nm-1
17. If T = 1.99 s , the f is :
a) 0.60 Hz b) 0.50 Hz c) 0.40 Hz d) 0.30 Hz
1
18. If 𝑇 = 𝑓 then :
a) 𝑓𝑇 = 1 1 c) 𝑓𝑇 = 2 d) 𝑓𝑇 = 0.5
b) 𝑓𝑇 =
2
19. Another name of vibration is :
a) Mechanics b) Oscillation c) Amplitude d) Optics
20. Human eardrum can oscillate back and forth in one sec.
a) 10000 b) 20000 c) 2000 d) 200000
21. Time period of simple pendulum is independent of :
a) Mass b) Amplitude c) Gravity d) a&b both
22. Who developed the first clock that can accurately measure time ?
a) Galileo b) Newton c) Huygens d) Casio

Topic :

“DAMPED OSCILLATONS &

WAVE MOTION“
1. The example of shock absorber of the vehicles is :
a) SHM b) Vibratory c) Damped motion d) Linear motion
motion
2. The main categories of waves are :
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
3. Radio waves are :
a) Stationary waves b) Electromagnetic waves c) Particle waves d) Mechanical waves
4. Which wave do not require medium for their propagation :
a) Sound waves b) Mechanical waves c) Electromagnetic waves d) All of these
5. Which one of the waves cannot pass through the vacuum :
a) Sound waves b) Radio waves c) TV waves d) Light waves
6. The waves which require medium for their propagation :
a) X-rays b) Cosmic rays c) Mechanical waves d) Light waves
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Topic :

“ TYPES OF MECHANICAL WAVES &

RIPPLE TANK “
1. The relation between v, f and λ of a wave is
a) 𝑣 = 𝑓𝜆 𝑓 c) 𝑓 = 𝑣𝜆 𝜆
b) 𝑣 = 𝜆
d) 𝑣 =
𝑓
2. If the speed of a wave is 340ms-1 and 0.5 m , then frequency will be :
a) 170 Hz b) 340 Hz c) 3400 Hz d) 680 Hz
3. The device can be used to produce both transverse and longitudinal waves is :
a) A string b) A ripple tank c) A helical spring d) A tunning fork
4. A waves move on a slinky spring with frequency of 4 Hz and wavelength of 0.4m , its
wave speed will be :
a) 0.6ms-1 b) 1.6 ms-1 c) 2.6 ms-1 d) 3.6 ms-1
5. Ripple tank is used to study the characteristics of
a) Mechanical b) Light waves c) Radio waves d) Electromagnetic
waves waves
6. Which quantity does not changed during refraction of light :
a) Its direction b) Its Speed c) Its Frequency d) Its Wavelength
7. That wave in which the vibratory motionof particles of medium is perpendicular to
propagation of wave
a) Longitudinal b) Transverse c) Mechanical d) Electromagnetic
waves waves waves waves
8. When water waves enters the region of shallow water their wavelength
a) Decrease b) Increase c) Becomes zero d) Remain same
9. The wave in which the particle of the medium move back and forth along the
direction of propagation of wave :
a) Water wave b) Sound wave c) Light wave d) Radio wave
10. The part of a wave , where the particles of medium are lowest from the mean position
is called
a) Crest b) Trough c) Wave front d) Wavelength
11. The part of a wave , where the particles of medium are higher from the mean position
is called
e) Crest f) Trough g) Wave front h) Wavelength
12. The bending of waves around obstacles or sharp edges , this phenomenon is called
a) Reflection b) Refraction c) Interference d) diffraction
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EXERCISE

ANSWERS

1. a 2. b 3. c
4. a 5. d 6. a
7. b 8. c 9. b
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
10.1. What is simple harmonic motion? What are the necessary conditions for a body to
execute simple harmonic motion?

ANS:

Simple harmonic motion occurs when the net force is directly proportional to the
displacement from the mean position and is always directed towards the mean position
Necessary Conditions
I. There must be elastic restoring force in the system
II. The system must have inertia
III. a∝-x

10.2. Think of several examples of motion in everyday life that are simple harmonic.

ANS:

I. Motion of a body attached to the end of an elastic spring

II. Motion of the bob of simple pendulum
III. Motion of the elastic strip
IV. Motion of prongs of tuning fork
V. Motion of the wire of a guitar or violin

10.3. What are damped oscillations. How damping progressively reduces the amplitude of
oscillation?

ANS:
(See the answer of long Question No . 5, Pg No. 07 )

10.4. How can you define the term wave? Elaborate the difference between mechanical
and electromagnetic waves. Give examples of each.

ANS:
(See the answer of long Question No . 6, Pg No. 08 )

10.5. Distinguish between longitudinal and transverse waves with suitable examples.

ANS:
(See the answer of long Question No . 7, Pg No. 09 )

10.6. Draw a transverse wave with an amplitude of 2 cm and a wavelength of 4 cm. Label a
crest and trough on the wave.

ANS:

2cm

4cm
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10.7. Derive a relationship between velocity, frequency and wavelength of a wave. Write a
formula relating of a wave to its time period and wavelength
ANS: (See the answer of long Question No . 09, Pg No. 11 )
10.8. Waves are the means of energy transfer without transfer of matter. Justify this
statement with the help of a simple experiment
ANS: (See the answer of long Question No . 08, Pg No. 10 )
10.9. Explain the following properties of waves with reference to ripple tank experiment:
a. Reflection b. Refraction c. Diffraction
ANS: (See the answer of long Question No . 11 , Pg No. 13 )
10.10. Does increasing the frequency of a wave also increase its wavelength? If not, how
are these quantities related?
ANS:

frequency and wavelength are two physical quantities which describe the waves

𝑣 = 𝑓𝜆
𝑣
𝑓=
𝜆
Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other at constant speed. It
means higher the frequency shorter the wavelength

Conceptual Questions
10.1. If the length of a simple pendulum is doubled, what will be the change in its time
period?

ANS:

𝑙
We know that ; 𝑇 = 2𝜋√𝑔

2𝑙
If l =2l then 𝑇 = 2𝜋√ 𝑔

𝑙
𝑇 = √2 (2𝜋√ )
𝑔

𝑇 = √2𝑇
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10.2. A ball is dropped from a certain height onto the floor and keeps bouncing. Is the
motion of the ball simple harmonic? Explain.
ANS:
No, a ball bouncing up and down on a floor isn't simple harmonic motion, this is because the
gravitational force on the ball is always acting downwards whereas in simple harmonic
motion, the force on the object is proportional to the displacement of the object and is
always directed towards the equilibrium position.
10.3. A student performed two experiments with a simple pendulum. He / She used two
bobs of different masses by keeping other parameters constant. To his/her astonishment
the time period of the pendulum did not change! Why?
ANS:

𝑙
𝑇 = 2𝜋√
𝑔

According to the above formula of time period of simple pendulum , time period of simple
pendulum does not depend upon mass.

10.4. What types of waves do not require any material medium for their propagation?

ANS:

Electromagnetic Waves:
Waves Which Do Not Require Any Medium For Their Propagation Are Called
Electromagnetic Waves.
Examples
Radio waves, Television Waves, X-Rays, Heat And Light Waves
10.5. Plane waves in the ripple tank undergo refraction when they move from deep to
shallow water. What change occurs in the speed of the waves?
ANS:

If a sheet of glass is placed in a tank , the depth of water in the tank will be shallower
over the glass than elsewhere. Thus, if water waves are passing from deep water
into shallow water, they will slow down. So as water waves are transmitted from
deep water into shallow water, the speed decreases, the wavelength decreases, and
the direction changes.

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