Mcqs cs304

. In object-oriented programming, what is the main benefit of inheritance?

 A) Redundancy
 B) Complexity
 C) Reuse
 D) Specialization

2. What is generalization in object-oriented programming?

 A) Creating multiple unrelated classes with unique attributes

 B) Extracting common characteristics into a new base class
 C) Adding specific characteristics to an existing class
 D) Creating classes with no relationship to each other

3. Which of the following best describes an “Is A” relationship?

 A) Association
 B) Aggregation
 C) Generalization
 D) Composition

4. In an inheritance hierarchy, what is a base class?

 A) A class that inherits characteristics from another class

 B) A class that provides common characteristics to derived classes
 C) A class with only private attributes
 D) A class without any subclasses

5. What is a concrete class?

 A) A class that cannot be instantiated

 B) A class that provides a partial implementation of methods
 C) A fully implemented class that can be instantiated
 D) A class that only contains abstract methods

6. Which of the following describes a specialization in object-oriented programming?

 A) A relationship where classes share no common features

 B) A derived class with additional specific characteristics
 C) A base class that is abstract and cannot be instantiated
 D) None of the above
7. When a derived class has its own unique characteristics in addition to inherited ones, it is
demonstrating which concept?

 A) Generalization
 B) Inheritance
 C) Overriding
 D) Subtyping

8. What is an abstract class in object-oriented programming?

 A) A class that can be instantiated directly

 B) A class with only static methods
 C) A class that cannot be instantiated and serves as a base for other classes
 D) A class without any methods or properties

9. In which scenario is overriding used?

 A) When a derived class needs to add additional properties

 B) When a derived class needs to modify or replace a method from the base class
 C) When a base class does not have any methods
 D) When creating an unrelated class with similar characteristics

10. Subtyping is also referred to as:

 A) Overloading
 B) Extension
 C) Redundancy
 D) None of the above

11. What does a base class encapsulate in the context of generalization?

 A) Unique characteristics for specific classes

 B) Complex algorithms
 C) Common behavior and attributes of derived classes
 D) No characteristics; it serves only as a placeholder

12. What kind of relationship is typically required between base and derived classes in
generalization?

 A) “Uses A” relationship
 B) “Contains A” relationship
 C) “Is A” relationship
 D) “Has A” relationship
 What is the purpose of adding a new class to an existing model with sub-typing and
specialization?
o a) To replace the base class entirely
o b) To reuse some of the base class's state and behavior
o c) To limit the functionality of the base class
o d) To remove all previous class relationships

 What is meant by "sub-typing"?

o a) Creating a derived class that is completely independent of the base class
o b) Creating a derived class that overrides all functionality of the base class
o c) Creating a derived class that is behaviorally compatible with the base class
o d) Creating an unrelated class that doesn't share functionality with the base class

 Which of the following statements is true about sub-typing?

o a) Derived classes cannot use methods from the base class.
o b) Derived classes inherit characteristics from the base class but cannot add new
ones.
o c) Derived classes inherit characteristics from the base class and may add extra
ones.
o d) Derived classes must replace all methods of the base class.

 In sub-typing, what does it mean if a derived class is "behaviorally compatible" with

the base class?
o a) The derived class can only perform new functions not available in the base
class
o b) The derived class can replace the base class in any situation
o c) The derived class has no methods or properties of its own
o d) The derived class does not need to be compatible with the base class

 Which of the following is NOT an example of sub-typing?

o a) A Car class derived from a Vehicle class
o b) A Dog class derived from an Animal class
o c) A Vehicle class derived from a Car class
o d) A Bird class derived from an Animal class
 In object-oriented programming, which feature allows a new class to inherit
properties and behaviors from an existing class?
o a) Polymorphism
o b) Encapsulation
o c) Inheritance
o d) Abstraction

 Which term describes a class that has all the characteristics of a base class, plus
additional characteristics of its own?
o a) Interface
o b) Subclass
o c) Prototype
o d) Encapsulation

 In sub-typing, what happens if the new class does not add any unique behavior to the
base class?
o a) It becomes identical to the base class
o b) It fails to compile
o c) It does not function as a derived class
o d) It loses inheritance properties

 What is the main advantage of inheriting a new class from an existing class in object-
oriented programming?
o a) Reducing the complexity by creating multiple unrelated classes
o b) Allowing the new class to be completely different from existing ones
o c) Reusing code and adding specialization where needed
o d) Increasing code redundancy

 Which of the following is an example of a behaviorally compatible derived class?

o a) Airplane class from FlyingObject
o b) Fruit class from Vehicle
o c) Mountain class from Ocean
o d) Book class from Animal

 What is an example of "extending" an existing class?

o a) Creating a new class that shares nothing with the base class
 o b) Creating a new class with the exact same properties as another
o c) Adding new methods and properties to a derived class
o d) Copying the entire base class into a new class

 In sub-typing, which principle ensures that objects of a derived class can be used in
place of a base class?
o a) Abstraction Principle
o b) Liskov Substitution Principle
o c) Encapsulation Principle
o d) Polymorphism Principle

 Which type of relationship best describes inheritance in object-oriented

programming?
o a) "Has-a" relationship
o b) "Is-a" relationship
o c) "Uses" relationship
o d) "Depends-on" relationship

 If a derived class is expected to maintain the behavior of the base class, which of the
following should it NOT do?
o a) Override methods to change behavior
o b) Add additional methods and properties
o c) Replace the base class’s functionality entirely
o d) Use the inherited base class methods as they are

 Which keyword is typically used in object-oriented programming languages to derive
a new class from a base class?
o a) extends
o b) inherits
o c) derive
o d) override

1. Which of the following statements best describes subtyping?

 A) It involves looking at things from bottom to top.

 B) It is another term for generalization.
 C) It involves looking at things from top to bottom.
 D) It restricts the behavior of a derived class.

2. In the context of object-oriented programming, generalization means:

  A) Defining a new class with restricted behavior.
 B) Adding classes with different behavior from existing ones.
 C) Looking at a class hierarchy from bottom to top.
 D) Extending the behavior of a base class in a derived class.

3. When we need to add a class that is behaviorally incompatible with its base
class, we use:

 A) Generalization
 B) Specialization
 C) Inheritance
 D) Encapsulation

4. Specialization refers to:

 A) Deriving a new class that is fully compatible with the base class.
 B) Adding a class that restricts or changes the behavior of the base class.
 C) Extending a base class to add new functionality.
 D) Looking at the class hierarchy from top to bottom.

5. Which of the following statements is true about behaviorally incompatible

classes in specialization?

 A) The base class can always be replaced by the derived class.

 B) The derived class is always compatible with the base class.
 C) The derived class has restricted or different behavior from the base class.
 D) The base class has additional restrictions compared to the derived class.

6. An example of specialization could be:

 A) Adding a class "Adult" with age restriction to the "Person" class hierarchy.
 B) Creating a generic "Vehicle" class for all types of vehicles.
 C) Defining a "Person" class with generalized behavior.
 D) Using subtyping to allow different "Vehicle" subclasses.

. Subtyping and generalization look at class hierarchies from:

 A) Different perspectives, one top to bottom and the other bottom to top.
 B) The same perspective, always top to bottom.
 C) Opposite perspectives, one right to left and the other left to right.
 D) The same perspective, always bottom to top.

8. In a class hierarchy, the concept of generalization focuses on:

  A) Special requirements for derived classes.
 B) Adding unique behaviors to a specific class.
 C) Defining broader, more general characteristics at the top of the hierarchy.
 D) Narrowing down specific behaviors in derived classes.

9. Which concept would you use if you need to create a class with unique
behaviors not found in the base class?

 A) Generalization
 B) Abstraction
 C) Specialization
 D) Aggregation

10. In the example of adding an "Adult" class, the restriction applied is based on:

 A) Behavior differences unrelated to age.

 B) Age as a unique requirement in the "Person" hierarchy.
 C) Additional functionality that the "Person" class does not support.
 D) Removing age constraints for a generalized "Person" class.

1. Which term describes the situation where a derived class provides its own
implementation of a method defined in the base class?

 A) Inheritance
 B) Overloading
 C) Overriding
 D) Encapsulation

2. Which of the following is NOT a reason for overriding a method?

 A) To extend the default behavior

 B) To improve performance
 C) To restrict default behavior
 D) To create new methods

3. When a derived class overrides a base class method, it:

 A) Hides the base class method

 B) Replaces the base class method's behavior with its own
 C) Inherits the base class method's functionality without modification
 D) Deletes the base class method

4. What type of inheritance mechanism is method overriding an example of?

 A) Multiple Inheritance
  B) Single Inheritance
 C) Interface Inheritance
 D) Implementation Inheritance

5. Which of these is an example of specialization in method overriding?

 A) Overriding a base class method to provide derived class-specific behavior

 B) Adding a new method in the derived class
 C) Hiding a method in the base class
 D) Copying base class code to a derived class

6. Which term best describes adding new functionality in a derived class by

overriding a base class method?

 A) Restriction
 B) Specialization
 C) Extension
 D) Abstraction

7. Which concept allows a derived class to enforce limitations on a base class’s

behavior?

 A) Extension
 B) Encapsulation
 C) Restriction
 D) Polymorphism

8. Which of these is true regarding method overriding?

 A) It only applies to private methods

 B) It allows a derived class to replace a base class’s method
 C) It enables overloading a method with a different number of parameters
 D) It limits the visibility of the base class method

10. Overriding a base class method is most useful for:

 A) Eliminating inherited methods

 B) Implementing inheritance
 C) Providing unique functionality for derived class objects
 D) Hiding the base class implementation

1. What is the primary purpose of an abstract class?

 A. To be instantiated directly
 B. To define specific functionality only
  C. To be inherited by other classes
 D. To hold data without any methods

2. Which statement is not true about abstract classes?

 A. They can be instantiated directly

 B. They promote code reuse
 C. They are usually at the top of the class hierarchy
 D. They represent generalized behavior

4. Abstract classes are typically used for which type of concepts?

 A. Concrete implementations
 B. Specific instances only
 C. Generalized or abstract concepts
 D. Specific hardware functions

5. Which of the following best describes an abstract class?

 A. A class that only contains private methods

 B. A class that cannot have subclasses
 C. A class with generalized behavior meant for inheritance
 D. A class that can be instantiated directly

6. In terms of inheritance, where do abstract classes usually exist in the class

hierarchy?

 A. At the bottom of the hierarchy

 B. At or near the top of the hierarchy
 C. In the middle of the hierarchy
 D. In isolated parts of the hierarchy

7. Which feature of abstract classes supports reusability?

 A. Ability to instantiate directly

 B. Generalized methods and properties
 C. Requirement of only static methods
 D. Limited inheritance capability

8. Which of the following statements is true about abstract classes?

  A. They can only contain abstract methods.
 B. They allow instantiation.
 C. They can contain both abstract and concrete methods.
 D. They must contain only private methods.

9. An abstract class represents:

 A. A specific instance
 B. A generalized concept
 C. A collection of data without methods
 D. Only static methods

10. What happens if a class inherits from an abstract class without implementing
all its abstract methods?

 A. It becomes an abstract class itself

 B. It will compile without any issues
 C. It cannot contain any other methods
 D. It will lose access to inherited methods

 What is an abstract class in an object model?

o A) A class that can exist independently
o B) A class used only for creating objects directly
o C) A class representing objects with common attributes, serving as a general class
in class hierarchies
o D) A class implementing specific, real-world entities

 Why can’t abstract classes exist as standalone objects in an object model?

o A) They lack specific attributes
o B) They are designed only for object instantiation
o C) They are meant to serve as a general template with shared characteristics
o D) They are too complex to function independently

 What is the purpose of identifying objects with common attributes when designing
an object model?
o A) To create more objects
o B) To simplify the model by grouping shared characteristics in abstract classes
o C) To eliminate concrete classes
o D) To ensure every object is unique
 Which of the following best describes a concrete class?
o A) A class that implements an abstract concept
o B) A class that provides a general template for other classes
o C) A class created for real-world entities and instantiates objects in a program
o D) A class that cannot instantiate objects directly

 Concrete classes are used for:

o A) Creating abstract classes
o B) Providing specific implementation details in a domain context
o C) Generalizing object models
o D) Finding common attributes among objects

 Which of the following statements is true about concrete objects?

o A) They are theoretical and do not have real-world counterparts
o B) They represent entities visible in the real world
o C) They are only used to create abstract classes
o D) They cannot be instantiated

 When building an object model, objects with shared characteristics should be

grouped into:
o A) Concrete classes
o B) Interfaces
o C) Abstract classes
o D) Methods

 What is the main function of a concrete class in a program?

o A) To represent abstract concepts only
o B) To instantiate objects and implement real-world entities
o C) To serve as a placeholder for abstract methods
o D) To hold only shared characteristics

 Abstract classes are typically found:

o A) At the bottom of the class hierarchy
o B) In the middle of the class hierarchy
 o C) At the top of the class hierarchy
o D) As standalone objects

 What distinguishes a concrete class from an abstract class?

o A) Concrete classes cannot have real-world counterparts
o B) Abstract classes provide implementation details, while concrete classes do not
o C) Concrete classes represent real-world entities and can instantiate objects, while
abstract classes cannot
o D) Concrete classes are always at the top of the class hierarchy

 Which of the following statements about a concrete class is true?

 A) A concrete class can only exist as a part of a hierarchy.

 B) A concrete class may exist independently in an object model.
 C) A concrete class is always at the top of the hierarchy.
 D) A concrete class cannot be instantiated.

 In a well-designed object model, where are concrete classes generally located in the class
hierarchy?

 A) At the very top

 B) In the middle or towards the bottom
 C) Outside of the hierarchy
 D) They don't have a specific location in the hierarchy

 Which of the following is true if an abstract class exists in an object model?

 A) The model must also have concrete classes derived from the abstract class.
 B) The model cannot contain any concrete classes.
 C) The abstract class will not be part of any hierarchy.
 D) The object model must not include any other abstract classes.

 What is the purpose of having a concrete class in a class hierarchy with an abstract
class?

 A) To define general behavior for the hierarchy.

 B) To provide a blueprint that cannot be instantiated.
 C) To implement the specific functionalities defined by the abstract class.
 D) To restrict access to the hierarchy.

 If there is no concrete class derived from an abstract class in an object model, what can
be concluded?
  A) The abstract class is redundant.
 B) The object model is correctly structured.
 C) The abstract class can exist independently without issues.
 D) The model is functioning normally.

 Why is it necessary to have concrete classes derived from an abstract class in an object
model?

 A) To increase code readability

 B) To allow the abstract class to be instantiated
 C) To give the hierarchy meaning and functionality
 D) To prevent errors in the object model