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Structure and Function of the Digestive System SCIENCE-8

The document outlines the structure and function of the digestive system, detailing the processes of digestion, absorption, and defecation. It discusses mechanical and chemical digestion, the role of various organs, common diseases like appendicitis and gallstones, and the importance of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Additionally, it highlights the significance of fiber in digestion and overall health.

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alexandra.mae.ct
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9 views

Structure and Function of the Digestive System SCIENCE-8

The document outlines the structure and function of the digestive system, detailing the processes of digestion, absorption, and defecation. It discusses mechanical and chemical digestion, the role of various organs, common diseases like appendicitis and gallstones, and the importance of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Additionally, it highlights the significance of fiber in digestion and overall health.

Uploaded by

alexandra.mae.ct
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 1: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM


SCIENCE | 4TH QUARTER | SY. 2024-2025 | Made by: Alex

The Digestive System

Breakdown the food we eat both physically


and chemically, one step at a time Digestion
Mechanical digestion
➔ In the stomach, gastric acid further
Reduces all different kinds of molecules in
breaks down the food
food into their tiniest and most basic form
➔ Stomach churns the food and mixes it
with stomach secretions
Physical digestion: smashing the ➔ Chyme: semifluid acidic mixture
food intro a mush Chemical digestion
Chemical digestion: is bathing the ➔ The liver, gallbladder and the
mushed food intro enzymes as much pancreas releases more enzymes into
as possible the alimentary canal to further break
the food into its most basic form
Digestion occurs only when it becomes
more chemical than mechanical Absorption
Taking the nutrients by cell
The structure of the small intestine is ➔ The goal of the whole process
designed for absorption of nutrients. The ➔ The food is now available for
inside of small intestine is lined with villi- absorption
absorb nutrients from the liquid mixture ➔ Absorption of nutrients occurs in the
called chyme produced in the stomach for small intestine
the food we eat
Defecation
Stages of food processing Removing any leftover wastes
➔ After, the nutrients are absorbed,
indigestible substances are now
Ingestion
released in the body through
The process of introducing the food into our defecation or pooping
body. It is also known as eating
➔ Mechanical and Chemical process.
We chew to pulverize the food which is Diseases of the digestive system
a mechanical process. As we chew,
our salivary glands releases enzymes Appendicitis
(amylase) An inflation of the appendix
➔ The chewed food is called bolus
Symptoms
Propulsion: swallowing the food ➔ Progressive worsening pain in the
abdomen, fever,
Peristalsis: A process by which the smooth constipation/diarrhea, painful
muscle of the walls of your digestive organs cough/sneeze, vomiting
take turns into contracting and relaxing to Cause
squeeze food through the lumen or cavity in ➔ A stomach infection that moved into
your alimentary tract (gastrointestinal the appendix
tract) ➔ A trapped stool
LESSON 1: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
SCIENCE | 4TH QUARTER | SY. 2024-2025 | Made by: Alex

Treatment ➔ animals that can digest cellulose.


➔ Appendectomy: removal of the Examples are cows, carabaos and
appendix goats. They have four chambered
➔ Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) stomachs that digest cellulose.

Gallstones
Stones in the gallbladder
Fats
Symptoms Also known as Lipids. formed from fatty acid
➔ Pain in the center or upper right of the and glycerol
upper abdomen, or pain around the
back or right shoulder blade
Essential fatty acids
Cause
➔ needed by our body for cell
➔ Caused by too much cholesterol in the membranes and hormone production.
bile
Fatty acids
Treatment
➔ helps the body to absorb some
➔ Medication to dissolve gallstones or vitamins.
surgery
Saturated fats
➔ fats that are solid at room
Nutrition temperature.
➔ Ex. Margarines, butter and animal fats.
Carbohydrates Unsaturated fats
Main source of energy ➔ fats that are liquid at room
➔ Are the sugars, starches and fibers temperature. • Ex. Vegetable oil, olive
found in fruits, grains,vegetables and oil.
milk products
➔ Provide energy, as they are the body’s Proteins
main source of energy Do most of the work in cells and are required
for the structure, function, and regulation of
Monosaccharides the body’s tissues and organ
➔ simplest sugar, found in fruits, honey
and sugar cane. Supply raw materials for growth and repair of
Disaccharides structures
➔ combination of two monosaccharides.
Polysaccharides
Made up of amino acids
➔ complex sugars found in grains,
potatoes and vegetables. ➔ 20 amino acids, 12 of them can be
manufactured
Glycogen
➔ 8 are essential
➔ unused sugar in the body and stored
in the liver and skeletal muscles.
Cellulose Water
➔ complex carbohydrate, known as All our body’s cell, organs and tissues uses
fiber. Cannot be digested by the water to help regulate its temperature and
human body. maintain other bodily functions
Ruminant
LESSON 1: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
SCIENCE | 4TH QUARTER | SY. 2024-2025 | Made by: Alex

We are made up of water


(liquid in the body deliver nutrients)

Vitamins
Regulate body processes and work as
enzymes.

Like minerals, helps in growth, development,


and keeping the body healthy

Can be obtained from food, bacteria inside


our body and our skin.

Two types: water soluble vitamins (B


complex, C, biotin and choline) and fat
soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K).

Minerals
Help your body grow, develop, and stay
healthy

Macrominerals is a type of mineral such as


calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium,
potassium, chloride and sulfur that is needed
in large amounts in the body and;

Trace minerals that is needed in small


amount in the body such as iron,
manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt,
fluoride and selenium

Fiber
Indigestible material that helps in weight
control (we feel fuller), healthy bowel
movement and aids digestion

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