Scribd
Upload
3 views

PHYSICS PROJECT (1)

The project aims to investigate the relationship between output/input voltage and the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of a self-designed transformer. It involves constructing a transformer using a soft iron rod and copper wires, and measuring the input and output voltages and currents. Results indicate that the output voltage and current depend on the turn ratio, with some observed power loss between the coils.

Uploaded by

sg6393967669
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

PHYSICS PROJECT (1)

The project aims to investigate the relationship between output/input voltage and the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of a self-designed transformer. It involves constructing a transformer using a soft iron rod and copper wires, and measuring the input and output voltages and currents. Results indicate that the output voltage and current depend on the turn ratio, with some observed power loss between the coils.

Uploaded by

sg6393967669
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

PHYSICS PROJECT

AIM:
To investigate the relation between the ratio of (i) output
and input voltage and (ii) number of turns in the
secondary coil and primary coil of self-designed
transformer.
APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED:
A soft iron rod, copper wires of different cross-sections, two AC ammeters, two
AC voltmeters. A soft iron rod, copper wires of different cross-sections, two AC
ammeters, two AC voltmeters.

THEORY/PRICIPLE
TRANSFORMER:
A transformer is an electrical device used for changing the AC voltage. A
transformer which increases the AC voltage is called step-up transformer,
whereas a transformer which decreases AC voltage is called step -down
transformer.

1
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
TRANSFORMER:
A transformer is based on the principle of mutual induction, i.e. the alternating current
passing through the primary coil creates a continuous changing flux through the core.
This changing flux induces an alternating emf in the secondary coil. Consider an ideal
transformer who’s all the flux is linked with the primary and secondary windings of the
core as shown in the figure.

The emf induced in the primary coil is given by,

Ep= -Np dΦ/dt

The emf induced in the secondary coil is given by

Es= -Ns dΦ/dt

Where, Φ is the magnetic flux linked with each turn of primary and secondary coil at a
time t.

Dividing Eq 2 by Eq 1, we get transformer ratio(K),

Es/Ep= Ns/Np= K

For ideal transformer there is no loss of energy, So, the output power should be equal to
the input

IpEp=IsEp

Ip/Is=Es/Ep=K

PROCEDURE:
MAKING OF TRANSFORMER
1. Take a soft iron rod and cover it with a thick paper

2. Wound a large number of turns of thin copper wire around thick paper so as to
prepare a primary coil of transformer

3. With the help of sheet of paper, cover the primary coil and wound relatively
smaller number of turns of thick copper wire on it so as to prepare secondary coil
of step-down transformer

TESTING THE WORKING OF


TRANSFORMER:
4 Connect both the ends of primary coil (P, and P₂) to 220 V AC mains

5. Note down the least count and zero error (if any) of voltmeter and ammeter.

2
6. Measure the input voltage and current using AC voltmeter and AC
ammeter respectively.

7. Next, connect both the ends of secondary coil (S1 and S2) to the AC
voltmeter and AC ammeter and again measure the output voltage and
current.

8. Now, connect the ends S1 and S of secondary coil to AC mains (220 V)


and again measure voltage and current through primary and secondary coil
of step-up transformer

9. Repeat all the above steps for other self-made transformer and record in
observation table.

OBSERVATION:
For voltmeter
1. AC voltage=…………V 2. LC of AC voltmeter=………. V

3. Zero error of voltmeter=……. V 4. Range of voltmeter=0 to ………V

For Ammeter
5. LC of AC ammeter=……A 6. Zero error of ammeter=……. A

7. Range of ammeter=0 to………A

RESULT:
1. The output voltage of the transformer across the secondary coil with respect to
input voltage depends on the turn ratio Ns/Np.

2. The output current of the transformer across the secondary coil with respect to
input current depends upon the turn ratio Ns/Np.

3. Some loss of power between input and output coil of a transformer is


observed.

PRECAUTION:
1. The improvised transformer may not have very high efficiency otherwise it may
get hot very soon.

2. Some special care should be taken while working with AC mains.

3. Before winding the turns on iron rod, it should be covered with a sheet of
paper.

4. The zero error of voltmeter and ammeter should be taken into account.

You might also like