NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY

CURRENT ELECTRICITY
SYNOPSIS
v is linear velocity of the charge q
Strength of Electric Current r is radius of the circular path
The strength of electric current is defined as rate of 5. If in a discharge tube n1 protons are moving from
flow of charge through any cross section of a
conductor. left to right in t seconds and n2 electrons are moving
1. The instantaneous current is defined by the simultaneously from right to left in t seconds, then
equation, the net current in any crossection of the discharge
∆Q dQ tube is
I = Lt =
∆ t→0 ∆t dt ( n1 + n2 ) e
I= (from left to right)
q t
Average current i = here e is the magnitude of charge of electron (or)
t
Ampere : If one coulomb of charge passes proton.
through a cross-section of the conductor per DRIFT VELOCITY : Drift velocity is the
second then the current is one ampere. average velocity acquired by free electrons inside
a metal by the application of an electric field which
1coulomb results in current.
1 ampere =
1second
J I
current is a scalar quantity. Drift velocity vd = =
ne Ane
Applications on electric current
where, J = I/A is current density
1. If the current is varying with time t, then the charge
n is number of free electrons per unit volume
flowing in a time interval from t1 to t 2 is e is charge of electron
t2
The drift velocity is related to relaxation time is
q = ∫ Idt
eE
t1 τvd =
2. If n particles, each having a charge q, pass m
through a given cross sectional area in time t, Note : 1.The drift velocity of electrons is of the order of
nq 10−4 ms −1 .
then average current is i =
t 2. Greater the electric field, greater will be the drift
3. If a point charge q is revolving in a circle of velocity vd ∝ E
radius r with speed v then its time period is
3. The direction of drift velocity for electrons in a metal
ur
V
is opposite to that of electric field applied E
r
q
T = (2π r/v) W.E-1: In a hydrogen atom, electron moves in an
orbit of radius 5 × 10 -11 m with a speed of 2.2 ×
106 m/s. Calculate the equivalent current.
4. The average current associated with this
v
revolving charge is Sol: Current i = f .e = .e
2π r
q ω vq
I = = fq = q=
T 2π 2π r 2.2 ×106 –19
= −11 × 1.6 × 10
Where f is the frequency of revolution in Hz. 2π × 5 × 10
ω is the angular frequency in rad/sec = 1.12 × 10–3 amp = 1.12 mA.

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W.E-2: The current through a wire depends on i 2

Sol: ⇒ vd = = 29 ms −1
time as i = i0 + α t , where i0 = 10 A and −6
nAe 10 × 10 ×1.6 ×10
−19

α = 4 A / s . Find the charge that crossed = 12.5 × 10–4 ms–1

through a section of the wire in 10 seconds. Average time taken by an electron to cross the
length of wire
dq
Sol: i = i0 + α t ; but i = l 4
dt t= = 4
−4 s = 3.2 × 10 s
vd 1.25 ×10
⇒ dq = (i0 + α t ) dt
Mobility ( µ ) : Mobility (µ ) of a charge
t =10 10
 αt 
2 carrier (like electron) is defined as the average
q= ∫
t= 0
dq ⇒ q =  i0t +


2 0 drift velocity resulting from the application of
unit electric field strength.
= (10i0 + 50α ) = 300 coloumb driftvelocity
ur µ= µ=
| vd |
electric field ∴
Current Density ( J ) : Current density at a point ;
E
is defined as a vector having magnitude equal to Mobility depends on pressure and temperature.
current per unit area. OHM’S LAW : For a given conductor, at a
ur ∆I dI given temperature the strength of electric current
J = Lt = nˆ through it is directly proportional to the potential
∆s→ 0 ∆ s ds
difference applied across at its ends”.
If the normal to the area makes an angle θ with
V
the direction of the current, then the current i.e. I α V ⇒ I = ; V = IR
R
∆I
density is J = , dI = Jds cos θ (or) Where R is electrical resistance of the conductor
∆s cos θ
uruur uruur Note :
dI = J .ds i.e., I = ∫ J .ds Ø ohm’s law is neither a basic law nor a deriavable
ur one
SI unit of J is Am–2 Ø ohm’s law is just an empherical relation.
Dimensional formula of J is [ AL−2 ] Ø Microscopically Ohm’s law is expressed as
Current is the flux of current density. J = nevd ⇒ J = σ E where σ is the
Relaxation time ( τ ) : 1. It is the time interval electrical conductivity of the material.
between two successive collisions of electrons Ø The conductors which obey Ohm’s law are
with +ve ions in the metallic lattice.The called Ohmic conductors.
resistance of a conductor is given by Ex : all metals
Ø For Ohmic conductors V – i graph is a straight
2ml
R= 2 line passing through origin (metals).
ne τ A
where n = number density of electrons T 1

1
e = electron charge V
V
T
m = mass of electron 2
2

τ = relaxation time.
W.E-3: Consider a wire of length 4m and cross- θ θ
θ
1
2

2
sectional area I mm carrying a current of i
i
2A. If each cubic metre of the material
(A) Slope of the line (B) Here tan θ1 > tan θ 2
contains 1029 free electrons, find the average
time taken by an elctron to cross the length tan θ = v / i = R ; T1 > T2 So R1 > R2 i.e
of the wire. Ø The substances which do not obey Ohm’s law are

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 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY

called non-Ohmic conductors. V

Ex: Thermistor, Electronic Valve, Semi- Resistance R =
conductor devices, gases, crystal rectifier etc., i
Ø The V – i graph for a non – Ohmic conductor is Ø The resistance of a conductor depends upon
non-linear. 1) shape (dimensions) 2) nature of material
3) impurities 4) Temperature
+i
(mA) Ø The resistance of a conductor increases with
i
impurities.
Ø
1
X
−V
0
X
The resistance of a semi conductor decreases
+V
with impurities.
(µA)
−i
V Factors Effecting the Resistance of A
vaccum tube semi conductors
Conductor
+i
1. The resistance of the conductor is directly
i
proportional to the length (l) of the conductor i.e.
i2
−V 0 R1 l1
i1 +V Rα l (or) R = l
2 2
V1 −i
∆R ∆l
V

=
Thermistor dilHSO(Platinum Electrode)
For small changes in the length,
2 4

R l
+i 2. The resistance of a conductor is inversely
proportional to the area of cross-section (A)
−V 0

1 1 R1  A2   r22 
+V
i.e., Rα (or) R ∝ 2 ; = = 
−i A r R2  A1   r12 
Neon Gas(With tungsten Electrode)
For small changes in area (or) radius we have
Non - Ohmic Circuits : The circuits in
∆R ∆A 2 ∆r
which Ohm's law is not obeyed are called non- = =−
ohmic circuits. The V-I graph is a curve, e.g. torch R A r
bulb, electrolyte, 3. As the temperature increases resistance of
semiconductors, thermonic valves etc. as shown metallic conductors increases and that of
by curves (a), (b), (c). semiconductors decreases.
I I Conductance: The reciprocal of resistance (R)
is called conductance.
Semi conductor
1
a) b) conductance, G =
Diode
.
R
V V
The S.I unit of conductance is mho or siemen or
I
ohm-1.
Resistivity: As we know, that the resistance of
the conductor is directly proportional to its
c) length and inversely proportional to its area of
cross section, we can write
V
l ρl
Resistance-Definiton : The resistance of a R ∝ ⇒ R=
A A
conductor is defined as the ratio of the potential where ρ is specific resistance or resisitivity
difference ‘V’ across the condutor to the current of the material of the conductor.
‘i’ flowing through the conductor. Note:

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1. Resistitivity is the specific property of a material ρh

but Resistance is the bulk property of a Resistance across EF, REF =
conductor. l×b
2. Resistivity is independent of dimensions of the If l > b > h , then
conductor such as length, area of the cross ρl ρh
section. Rmax = Rmin =
b×h l ×b
3. Resistivity depends on the nature of the material 5. If a wire of resistance R is stretched to ‘n’ times
of the conductor, temperature and impurities. its original length, its resistance becomes n2 R.
4. Resistivity of any alloy is more than resistivity 6. If a wire of resistance R is stretched until its
of its constituent elements.
1
i) R alloys > R conductors ii) α metals > α alloys radius becomes th of its original radius then
n
Special Cases : its resistance becomes n4 R.
1. The alternate forms of resistance is 7. When a wire is stretched to increase its length
by x% (where x is very small) its resistance
l2 l 2 d ρV ρm increases by 2x %.
R=ρ =ρ = 2 =
V m A d A2 8. When a wire is stretched to increase its length by
Where d is density of material of conductor x% (where x is large) its resistance increases by
V is volume of the conductor  2 
m is mass of the conductor  2x + x 
 100  .
2. If a conductor is streched or elongated or drawn 
or twisted, then the volume of the conductor is 9. When a wire is stretched to reduce its radius
constant. Hence byx% (where x is very small), its resistance
ρ l2 increases by 4x%.
a. R= ⇒ Rα l 2 W.E-4: A rectangular block has dimensions 5 cm
V × 5 cm × 10 cm. Calculate the resistance
ρV 1 1 measured between (a) two square ends and
b. R = 2 ⇒ Rα 2 α 4
A A r (b) the opposite rectangular ends. Specific
l2 resistance of the material is 3.5 × 10−5 Ω m .
c. Interms of mass of the wire Rα ρl
m Sol: a) Resistance between two square ends R1 =
A
m m
and Rα α 4 3.5 × 10−5 × 10 × 10−2
R1 = = 1.4 × 10 −3 Ω
2
A r −4
3. For small changes in the length or radius during 5× 5 × 10
the stretching
∆R ∆l ∆R ∆A ∆r
=2 ; = −2 = −4
R l R A r
4. In case of a cuboid of dimensions l × b × h is 5 cm
F
h
C 10 cm
5 cm
F
b A B
E
b) Resistance between the opposite rectangular
D
ρl
E
l
ends R 2 =
A
ρl
Resistance across AB, RAB = 3.5× 10−5 × 5× 10−2
R2 = = 1.4 × 10−4 Ω
b×h 5× 10 × 10−4
ρb
Resistance across CD, RCD = Conductivity: Conductivity is the measure of
l×h the ability of a material to conduct electric
current through it. It is reciprocal of resistivity.

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1 l Ø The resistivity of manganin and constantan is almost

σ= = independent of temperature.
ρ RA Ø Two resistors having resistances R1 and R2
S.I unit : sieman / m : (Sm–1 ) at 0 o C are connected in series. The condition
For perfect insulators σ = 0 for the effective resistance in series in same
For perfect conductors, σ is infinity.. at all temperatures
Temperature dependence of resistance: R1 + R2 = R1' + R2'
For conductors i.e metals resistance increases
with rise in temperature R1 + R2 = R1 (1 + α1t ) + R 2 (1 +α 2t )
R t = R o (1 + αt + βt 2 ) for t > 300o C R1α1 = − R2α 2
Variation of resistance of some materials
R t = R o (1 + αt ) for t < 300o C or
Rt − Ro Temp. coefficient Variation of
α= 0
Material of resistance with
Rot / C
resistance (α) temperature rise
IfR 0 = resistance of conductor at 0oC Metals Positive Increases
If R t = resistance of conductor at t C And o
Solid non-
Zero independents
α, β = temperature co-efficients of resistance metal
If R1 and R2 are the resistances at t1 o C to t2 o C Semi- Negative Decreases
conductor
R1 1 + α t1
respectively then R = 1 + α t Electrolyte Negative Decreases
2 2
Ionized
R2 − R1 Negative Decreases
∴α = gases
R1t 2 − R2 t1
Small positive Almost
The value of α is different at different Alloys
value constant
temperatures.
1  dR  Variation of Resistivity with Temperature:
At a given temperature α = R  dt  at t0 C Ø If ρ1 is the resistivity of a material at temperature
t  
Y t 1 and ρ2 is the resistivity of the same material
s
t or
uc

at temperature t 2 ,then
nd
co

ρ2 = ρ1 1+ α ( t 2 − t 1 ) 
r
fo

for manganin and constantan

W.E-5: The temperature coefficient of resistance
Resistivity

fo r of platinum is α = 3.92 × 10−3 K−1 at 0° C. Find

sem
ico the temperature at which the increase in the
Ø nd uct
o rs resistance of platinum wire is 10% of its value
at 0 0 C.
X
110R
0 Temperature Sol: R 2 = 100 1 = 1.1R 1 ; α = 3.92 × 10−3 K−1
Graph shows the variation of resistivity with R2 − R1 1.1R1 − R1
temperature for conductors, semiconductors ∆t = ⇒ =
R1 α R1 α
and for alloys like manganin and constantan.
Since the resistivity of manganin and R1(1.1 − 1) 0.1R 1 0.1
= = =
constantan remains constant with respect to R1 α R1α 3.92 × 10−3
change in temperature, these materials are
∆t = 25.510 C ; t2 = 25.51+ 20 = 45.51 C
0
used for the bridge wires and resistance coils.

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W.E-6: The resistance of iron wire is 10Ω and cos q sin q

or - = R 0 a(T2 - T1 )
α = 5 × 10 −3
°C . If a current of 30A is sin q cos q
flowing in it at 20°C , keeping the potential cos2q
R 0a (T2 - T1 ) =
difference across its length constant, if the (sin2q) ; or T - T a cot2q
temperature is increased to 120°C , what is 2 1
2
the current flowing through that wire ? W.E-10: Figure shows a conductor of length l
R120 -R20 R − 10 having a circular cross -section. The radius
Sol: a = R 5 × 10−3 = 120
2 0 (120- 20 )
; of cross-section varies linearly from a to b.
10 × 100 The resistivity of the material is ρ . Assuming
∴ R120 = 15Ω ; But V = IR that b - a <<l, find the resistance of the
Here V is constant. Hence, conductor. φ dx

I120 R20 I120 10 Sol : b

= ; = ; ∴ I120 = 20 A a
y

I20 R120 30 15 b−a y−a

tan φ = =
W.E-7: Resistance of a wire at temperature t0C l x
is R = R0 (1 + at + bt 2 ) yl - al = bx - ax x
Here, R0 is the temperature at 00 C. Find the  dy   l 
l   = ( b − a) ⇒ dx =   dy → (1)
temperature coefficient of resistance at  dx   b− a 
temperature t is Resistance across the elemental disc under
Sol : dx
consideration dR = ρ → (2)
1 dR 1 A
α= . = [ R0 ( a + 2bt )]
R dt R0 (1 + at + bt )
2
 l  dy
from (1) and (2) dR = ρ   2
 a + 2bt   b− a π y
∴α =  2  ⇒ Resistance across the given conductor,,
 1 + at + bt 
y =b
W.E-8: A silver wire has a resistance of 2.1 W at
b
l dy l
R = ∫ dR ⇒ R = ρ . ∫ 2 ; ∴R = ρ
27.5°C & 2.7Ω at 1000 C. Determine the tem- y= a
π (b − a ) y= a y π ab
perature coefficient of resistivity of silver. W.E-11: A hollow cylinder of specific resistance
Sol: Rt = R0 (1 + a ? ) ρ , inner radius R, outer radius 2R and length
2.1 = R0 (1+ a ´ 27.5) ......(1) l is as shown in figure. What is the net
2.7 = R0 (1+ a ´ 100) ......(2) resistance between the inner and outer
Solve equation (1) and (2) a=0.00390 C-1 surfaces ?
W.E-9: V- I graph of a conductor at temperature Sol : Consider a ring of width ‘dr’ and radius ‘r’.
T1 and T2 are shown in the figure (T 2 – T1 ) is
proportional to 2r
V R
T2

T1

θ Resistance accross the ring is

θ
I
Sol: Slope of line gives resistance ρ dr ρ dr
dR = =
So, R1 = tan q = R0 (1 +aT1) dA 2π rl
p
R 2 = tan(90 -q) = cot q = R0 (1 +a T2 )
r ( dr ) æ r ö÷
Net resistance = ò =çç
2R
cot q - tan q = R 0a ( T2 - T1 ) R
÷ l n (2)
(2p rl) çè 2 pl ø÷

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 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
W.E-12: There are two concentric spheres of W.E-15: How many number of turns of nichrome
radius a and b respectively. If the space wire of specific resistance 10−6 Ωm and
between them is filled with medium of diameter 2mm that should be wound on a
resistivity ρ , then the resistance of the
cylinder of diameter 5cm to obtain a resistance
intergap between the two spheres will be
of 40Ω ?
(Assume b > a)
Sol: Consider a concentric spherical shell of radius Sol: If R is the radius of the cylinder
x and thickness dx, its resistance is r is the radius of the wire
N is the number of turns
ρ dx
dR, dR = ?l r( 2 p R ) N
4π x then R ' = \ R '=
2

Total resistance A pr2

 ρ  dx ρ 1 1 10- 6 (2´2.5´10- 2´N )
b b

R = ∫ dR = R =  4π  ∫ x 2 = 4π  a − b  40= = ∴ N = 800
a  a   1´10- 6
W.E-13: A hollow copper cylinder is of inner Thermistor: A thermistor is a heat sensitive
radius 4cm and outer radius 5cm. Now and non-ohmic device.
hollow portion is completely filled with Ø This is made of semiconductor compounds as
suitable copper wires. Find percentage oxides of Ni, Fe, Co etc.
change in its electric resistance. Ø This will have high +ve (or) -ve temperature
Sol: A hollow cylidner of inner radius ‘r’ and outer coefficient of resistance.
radius ‘R’ has specific resistance ' ρ ' . If its Ø Thermistor with -ve ‘ α ’ are used as resistance
themometers which can measure low temperature
length is ' l ' then its resistance of order
–3
of 10K and small changes of in the order
of 10 K.
ρl Ø Having -ve α , these are widely used in
=
π ( R2 − r 2 )
measuring the rate of energy flow in micro wave
ρl ρl k beam.
r R R1 = π ( 52 − 4 2 ) = 9π = 9 Ø Thermistor can also be used to serve as
thermostat.
Final Resistance Resistor Colour codes
ρl ρl k Colour Number Multiplier Tolerance(%)
= =
R2 = π ( 5 ) 25π 25
2 Black 0 × 10°
Brown 1 × 101
Percentage of change = R2 − R1 × 100
R1 Red 2 × 102
Orange 3 × 103
k k
− Yellow 4 × 104
= 25 9 ×100 = −64%
k Green 5 × 105
9 Blue 6 × 106
W.E-14: If resistivity of the material of a Violet 7 × 107
conductor of uniform area of cross-section Gray 8 × 108
varies along its length as ρ = ρ0 [1 + αx ] . Find White 9 × 109 –
then the resistance of the conductor if its Gold – ×10 –1
± 5%
lengths is ‘L’ and area of cross-section is ‘A’ Silver – ×10–2 ± 10%
ρ0  1 2 No clour – ± 20%
L + αL 
A 
digit 2 tolerence
2  digit 1 multiplier
L
dx dx
Sol: dR = ρ = ρ0 (1 + αx ) ; ∴ R = ∫ dR ]
A A 0 wire
lead

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Colour bands on a resistor: B.B.ROY of VR1 VR2

Great Britain having Very Good Wife with Gold V1 = and V2 =
R1 + R2 R1 + R2
and Silver
Ø Resistors in the higher range are made mostly Resistances in Parallel
from carbon. Carbon resistors are compact, I1 R1
inexpensive and thus find extensive use in
electronic circuits. I2 R2
A
W.E-16: Suppose the colours on the resistor as
shown in Figure are brown, yellow, green and I3 R3
gold as read from left to right. Using the table, I
find the resistance of the resistor
I
Yellow Gold V
Brown Green
Sol: 1. If resistors of resistance R1 , R2 , R 3 ……..are
connected in parallel, the resultant resistance R
Brown Yellow Green Gold is given by
1 4 > ×105 > +5% > 1 1 1 1
= + + + ............
 5  R R1 R 2 R 3
= 14 × 10 5  1 ± Ω
 100  2. If resistances R1 and R2 are connected in parallel,
= (1.4 ± 0.07)106 Ω = (1.4 ± 0.07)MΩ R1R 2
Some times tolerance is missing from the code the resultant resistance. R = R + R
1 2
and there are only three bands. Then the
tolerance is 20%. 3. When resistors are joined in parallel the
potential difference across each resistor is same.
Ø Super Conductor : There are certain metals
But the currents are in the ratio i1 : i2 : i3 :.............
for which the resistance suddenly falls to zero
below certain temp. Called critical 1 1 1
=R R : : : ............
temperature. 1 2 R3
Ø Critical temperature depends on the nature of
material. The materials in this state are called 4. When two resistances are parallel then
super conductors. IR2 IR1
I1 = and I2 =
Ø Without any applied emf steady current can be R1 + R2 R1 + R2
maintained in super conductors. Note:
Ex: Hg below 4.2 K or Pb below 8.2K 1. When resistors are joined in parallel, the
Resistances In Series: effective resistance is less than the least
A B C D
resistance in the circuit.
R 1 R 2 R 3 2. A wire of resistance ‘R’ is cut into ‘n’ equal
I I parts and all of them are connected in parallel,
+ −
R
V
equivalent resistance becomes 2 .
1. If resistors of resistances R1 , R 2 , R3 , ..... are n
connected in series, the resultant resistance 3. In ‘n’ wires of equal resistances are given, the
R = R1 + R 2 + R3 + ........ number of combinations that can be made to give
2. When resistances are connected in series, same different resistances is 2n –1 .
current passes through each resistor. But the 4. If ‘n’ wire of unequal resistances are given, the
potential differences are in the ratio number of combinations that can be made to give
V1 : V2 : V3 ..... = R1 : R2 : R3 ..... different resistances is 2n (If n >2).
3. When resistors are joined in series, the effective
5. If R s and R p be the resultant resistances of R1
resistance is greater than the greatest resistance
in the circuit. and R2 when connected in series and parallel
4. When two resistances are connected in series then
then
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 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY

R1 =
1
2
(R s + Rs2 − 4Rs R p ) If A1
= A 2
then ρ =
2ρ 1 ρ 2
ρ1 + ρ 2
.
1
(
R 2 = Rs − R s2 − 4R s R p
2
) and conductivity σ = 1
σ + σ2
2
.
6. If a uniform wire of resistance R is, stretched 10. If ‘n’ wires each of resistance ‘R’ are connected
to ‘m’ times its initial length and bent into a to form a closed polygon, equivalent resistance
regular polygon of ‘n’ sides
 n − 1
a) Resistance of the wire after stretching is across two adjacent corners is Reff =  R
n 
R1 = m R( R α l )
2 ' 2

W.E-17: For a circuit shown in Fig find the value

m2 R of resistance R2 and current I2 flowing
b) Resistance of each side R2 = through R 2
n
c) Resistance across diagonally opposite points I=10 P
I1 I2
nR  +
2 2 - 50V R1 10Ω R2
m2 R
R0 =   ⇒ R0 =
 2  4 Q
  Sol: If equivalent resistance of parallel
d) Resistance across one side combination of R1 and R2 is R, then
RR 10R
( n −1) ( n − 1) m2 R R= 1 2 = 2
R3 = R2 = R1 + R2 10 + R 2
n n2
V
7. 12 wires each of resistance ‘r’ are connected to According to Ohm’s law, R =
form a cube. Effective resistance across I
5r 50 10R 2
a) Diagonally opposite corners = . R= = 5Ω ⇒ = 5 ⇒ R = 10Ω .
10 10 + R2 2
6
The current is equally divided into R1 and R2 .
3r
b) face diagonal = . Hence I2 = 5A.
4
W.E-18: Two wires of equal diameters of
7r
c) two adjacent corners = . resistivities ρ1 and ρ2 and length x1 and x2
12
respectively are joined in series. Find the
8. If two wires of resistivities ρ1 and ρ2 , lengths equivalent resistivity of the combination.
Sol: Resistance, R1 = ρ1l1 ;R2 = ρ 2l 2
l1 and l2 are connected in series, the equivalent
resistivity A1 A2
ρ 1 l1 + ρ 2 l 2 l1 = x1, l 2 = x 2
ρ= .
l1 + l 2 As the wires are of equal diameters A1 = A2 = A .
ρ1 + ρ 2 ρ x1 ρx ρx
If l1 = l 2 then ρ = . R1 = ,R 2 = 2 ; R=
A A2 A
2
where x = x1 + x2; R = R1 + R2
2σ1σ2
If l1 = l 2 then conductivity σ = σ + σ . ρx ρ1x1 ρ 2x2
1 2 = + ; ρx = ρ1x1 + ρ2 x2
A A A
9. ρ ρ
If two wires of resistivities 1 and 2 , Areas ρ(x1 + x2 ) = ρ1 x1 + ρ 2x2 [Q x = x1 + x2 ]
of cross section A1 and A2 are connected in
x1 x2
+
parallel, the equivalent resistivity
ρ x + ρ2 x2
ρ1 ρ 2 ( A1 + A2 ) ∴ρ = 1 1
x1 + x2 also 1 = s1 s 2
ρ= . s x1 + x 2
ρ1 A2 + ρ 2 A1

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W.E-19: Find equivalent resistance of the network R Rq

in Fig. between points (i) A and B and (ii) A R1 = . rq = ; Resistance of section PTQ
2pr 2p
and C.
Rr (2p-q )
; R = R ( 2p-q)
10Ω
B C R2 =
2pr
A
2p
2
30Ω 7.5Ω
As R1 and R2 are in parallel
Rq
= 2 (2p-q)
R1 R2
Sol: (i)The 10Ω and 30Ω resistors are connected in Req =
parallel between points A and B. The equivalent So, R1 + R2 4p
resistance between A and B is W.E-22: Determine the current drawn from a 12V
10 × 30 supply with internal resistance 0.5 O . by the
R1 = ohm = 7.5 Ω
10 + 30 infinite network shown in Fig. Each resistor
(ii) The resistance R1 is connected in series with has 1 O . resistance.
resistor of 7.5Ω , hence the equivalent resistance 1Ω 1Ω 1Ω
between points A and C is, R2 =(R1 +7.5) ohm =
(7.5+7.5) ohm = 15 Ω .
12V, 0.5Ω 1Ω 1Ω
W.E-20: Find potential difference between points
A and B of the network shown in Fig. and
distribution of given main current through 1Ω 1Ω 1Ω
different resistors. Sol: First calculate net resistance of ¥ network
1Ω
4Ω 6Ω

I=2.7A
8Ω X 1Ω xΩ
A 9Ω B
I
1Ω
Sol: Between points A and B resistors of 4Ω , 6Ω x
x+1 x - 2x - 2 = 0
and 8Ω resistances are in series and these are x=2+ ; 2 ;
in parallel to 9Ω resistor..
Equivalent resistance of series combinaiton is on solving, x = 1 + 3 = 2.73W
R1 = (4 + 6 + 8 ) ohm = 18 Total resistance = 2.73 + 0.5 = 3.23 O
If equivalent resistance between A and B is
R = 9 × 18 / (9 + 18) ohm = 6 Ω 12
I= =3.73A
Potential difference between A and B is 3.23
V = IR = 2.7 × 6V = 16.2V JOULE’S LAW: According to Joule’s law,
Current through 9 Ω resistor = 16.2/9=1.8A the current passing through a conductor produces
Current through 4 Ω ,6 Ω and 8Ω resistors = heat.
2.7 – 1.8 = 0.9A. W = vit
W.E-21: P and Q are two points on a uniform Now, work done, W = (iR) i t
ring of resistance R. The equivalent resistance 2
between P and Q is W = i2 R t = v t = v i t
P R
This work is converted into energy in the
θ conductor.
O
Q ∴ Thermal energy produced, Q = i2 Rt in Joules

Sol: Resistance of section PSQ i 2 Rt

Or Q = in cal.
P S 4.2
θ Q As H ∝ i 2 , heating effect of current is common
O to both A.C and D.C.
Joule’s effect is irreversible.
T

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 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Electrical Energy: W.E-23: A fuse wire with radius of 0.2mm blows
Ø The electric energy consumed in a circuit is off with a current of 5 Amp. The fuse wire of
defined as the total workdone in maintaing the same material, but of radius 0.3mm will blow
current in an electric circuit for a given time. off with a current of
V2 t 3 5 3
Electrical Energy = Vit = Pt = i2Rt =
R 1) 5´ Amp 2) Amp
2 2
S.I. unit of electric energy is joule
1 K.W.H. = 36 × 105 J 27
3) 5 Amp 4) 5 Amp
Electrical Power: 8
Ø The rate at which work is done in maintaining
i1 æç r1 ö÷
3
æ 0.2 ö
2 3
= çç ÷÷÷
the current in electric circuit. Electrical power 2
=ç ÷
i 2 çè r2 ø÷÷
Sol: i 2 µ r 3 ; çè 0.3 ø
W V2
P= = Vi =i2R = watt (or) joule/sec
t R
Ø 27
Heat energy produced due to the electric current i2 = 5 Amp
8
W Pt E it i 2 Rt E 2t Ø
H= = = = = If radiation losses are neglected, due to
J J J J RJ heating effect of current the temperature of
H = ms∆t fuse wire will increase continuously, and it
Where s = 4200J /Kg0 C melt in time ‘t’ such that
where J is mechanical equivalent of heat. I 2 Rt
Fuse wire: A fuse wire generally prepared H = ms ∆θ ; = ms (θ mp − θr )
J
from tin - lead alloy (63% tin + 37% lead). It
should have high resistivity, low melting point. π 2 r 4 s (θ mp − θ r ) J
Let R be the resistance of fuse wire. t= ;tα r4
I ρ 2

rL
We know that R = 2
i.e., in absence of radiation lossess, the time
pr in which fuse will melt is also independent on
(L and r denote length and radius) length and varies with radius as r4 .
The heat produced in the fuse wire is Note :
a) If resistances are connected in series , i.e.., I is
i 2rL
H=i R= 2
2 same
pr Pα R with V a R [ as V = IR ]
If H0 is heat loss per unit surface area of the i.e.., in series potential difference and power
fuse wire, then heat radiated per second is = consumed will be more in larger resistance.
H0 2πrL At thermal equilibrium, However, if resistances are connected in
parallel, i.e.., V is same
i2r 2L i2r
= H0 2prL (or) H0 = 2 3 Pa
1
Ia
1
[ as V = IR ]
pr 2
2p r R
with
R
According to Newton’s law of cooling. i.e.., in parallel current and power consumed
H0 = Kθ will be more in smaller resistance. This in turn
implies that more power is consumed in larger
Where θ is the increase in temperature of fuse
resistance if reistances are in series and in
wire and K is a constant. smaller reistance if reistances are in parallel.
i r
2 b) A reistance R under a potential difference V
q= 2 3 dissipates power.
2p r K
Here θ is independent of length L of the fuse P = (V 2 / R )
wire provided i remains constant. So If the resistance is changed from R to (R/n)
For a given material of fuse wire i α r .
2 3 keeping V same, the power consumed will be

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2
V2 V2 V 
P1 = =n = nP P =  A  ×W
( R / n) R  VS 
i.e.., if for a given voltage, resistance is changed 2
from R to (R/n) , power consumed changes from so, P =  100  × 1000 = 250W
P to nP.  200 
c) If n equal resistances are connected in series c) The total electrical energy consumed by an
with a voltage source, the power dissipated will electric appliance in a specified time is given
be by,
V2 ΣW1 h1
Ps = [ a s Rs = nR ] E= kWh
nR 1000
And if the same resistances are connected in
parallel with the same voltage source so, E = 1000 × (10 × 30) = 300kWh
1000
V2 nV 2
Pp = = [a s Rp = ( R / n )] Bulbs connected in Series:
( R / n) R Ø If Bulbs (or electrical appliances) are connected
Pp in series, the current through each resistance is
So, = n2 i.e.., PP = n 2 PS . same. Then power of the electrical appliance
Ps
P ∝ R & V ∝ R ∴P = i2Rt 
i.e.., power consumed by n equal resistors in  
i.e. In series combination; the potential
parallel is n 2 times that of power consumed in
difference and power consumed will be more
series if V remains same. in larger resistance.
d) As resistance of a given electric appliance
Ø When the appliances of power P1 , P2 , P3.... are
( e.g.., bulb , heater, geyser or press ) is constant
and is given by, in series, the effective power consumed (P) is
1 1 1 1
V VS V
2
W = + + + ......... i.e. effective power is
R= S = = s [ as I = ] P P1 P2 P3
I (W /VS ) W V less than the power of individual appliance.
Where Vs and W are the voltage and wattage Ø If ‘n’ appliances, each of equal resistance ‘R’
specified on the appliance. So if the applied are connected in series with a voltage source
voltage is different from specified, the ‘ actual V2
‘V’, the power dissipated ‘ Ps ’ will be Ps = .
power consumption’ will be nR

V 
2 2
2 Bulbs connected in parallel:
V V
P = A =  A  × W [ as R = S ]. Ø If Bulbs (or electrical appliances) are connected
R  VS  W in parallel, the potential difference across each
W.E-24: A 1 kW heater is meant to operate at 1 1
resistance is same. Then P ∝ and I ∝ .
200 V. (a) What is its resistance ? (b) How R R
much power will it consume if the line voltage i.e. The current and power consumed will be
drops to 100 V ? (c) How many units of more in smaller resistance.
electrical energy will it consume in a month Ø When the appliances of power P1 , P2 , P3.... are
(of 30 days) if it operates 10 hr daily at the in parallel, the effective power consumed(P) is
specified voltage ?
P = P1 + P2 + P3 + .........
Sol:a) The resistance of an electric appliance is given i.e. the effective power of various electrical
( 200 ) = 40Ω
2
VS
2 appliance is more than the power of individual
by , R = so, R = appliance.
W 1000 Ø If ‘n’ appliances, each of resistance ‘R’ are
b) The ‘ actual power ‘ consumed by an electric connected in parallel with a voltage source ’V’,
appliance is given by , the power dissipated ‘Pp’ will be

114 NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY

 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY

V2 nV 2
W.E-27: A 100W and a 500W bulbs are joined in
PP = = series and connected to the mains. Which
(R / n) R
bulb will glow brighter ?
PP Sol: Let R1 and R2 be the resistances of the two bulbs.
= n ( or ) PP = n PS
2 2

PS If each bulb is connected separately to the mains

of voltage V,
This shows that power consumed by ‘n’ equal
V2 V2
resistances in parallel is n2 times that of power then P1 = and P2 =
R1 R2
consumed in series if voltage remains same.
Ø In parallel grouping of bulbs across a given P R R P 500
source of voltage, the bulb of greater wattage will ∴ 1 = 2 (or) 1 = 2 = =5
P2 R1 R2 P1 100
give more brightness and will allow more current
through it, but will have lesser resistance and same If the two bulbs are in series with the mains, the
potential difference across it. same current ‘i’ flows through each of them.
Ø For a given voltage V, if resistance is changed Let P1 and P2 be the powers dissipated by two
bulbs, turn
R
from ‘R’ to  n  , power consumed changes from P11 = i2 R1 and P21 = i2R 2
 
V2 R P11 R1
‘P’ to ‘nP’ P' = where R′ = , then ∴ = =5 or P11 = 5P21
R' n P21 R2

V2 nV2 Since 100 watt bulb dissipates more power, it

P′ = = = nP .
(R / n ) R glows brighter
W.E-28: A cell develops the same power across
Ø If t1, t 2 are the time taken by two different coils two resistances R1 and R2 separately. The in-
for producing same heat with same supply, then ternal resistance of the cell is
If they are connected in series to produce same Sol: Let r be the internal resistance of the cell and E
heat, time taken t = t1 + t2 its EMF. When connected across the resistance
If they are connected in parallel to produce same R1 in the circuit, current passing through the re-
tt sistance is
heat, time taken is t = t + t .
1 2

æ E ö
2

i=
E
P1 = i R1 = çç ÷÷ R
1 2
\
çè R1 + r ÷÷ø 1
2
R1 + r
W.E-25: A lamp of 100W works at 220 volts. What ;
is its resistance and current capacity ?
Sol: Power of the lamp, P = 100W æ E ö
2
÷÷ R
Operating voltage, V = 220V Similarly P2 = ççç ÷ 2 ; Given that P1 = P2
Current capacity of the lamp, è R2 + r ÷ø

i=
P 100
= = 0.455A Substituting the values, we get ; r = R1 R2
V 220
2 2
W.E-29: A 100 W bulb B1 and two 60 W bulbs B2
Resistance of the lamp, R = V = (220) = 484 Ω and B3 , are connected to a 250V source, as
P 100 shown in the figure. Now W1 , W2 and W3 are
W.E-26: A 100W – 220V bulb is connected to the output powers of the bulbs B1 , B2 and B3
110V source. Calculate the power consumed respectively. Then
by the bulb.
B1 B2
Sol: Power of the bulb, P = 100W
Operating voltage, V = 200V
V2 (220)2
Resistance of the bulb, R = = = 484 Ω
B3
P 100
Actual operating voltage, = 110 V V1
Therefore, power consumed by the bulb,
(V1) 2 (110)2
P1 = = = 25W.
R 484
250V

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V2
W.E-30: A battery if internal resistance 4Ω i s
Sol: A bulb is essentially a resistance R = where P connected to the network of ressitances as
P shown. What must be the value of R so that
denotes the power of the bulb. maximum power is delivered to the network
\ Resistance of B1 (R1 ) = V2 / 100 ? Find the maximum power ?
Resistance of B2 (R2 ) = V2 / 60 R 2R
Resistance of B3 (R3 ) = V2 / 60
6R
250 250 ´300
\ I1 = Current in B1 = ( R + R ) = 8V2
2R 4R
1 2
E
250 250 ´300 Sol:i) According to maximum power transfer theorem
I2 = Current in B2 = ( R + R ) =
8V2 3R ´ 6R 4
1 2
R ext = R int = 4 Þ R = = 2W
I3 = Current in B3 = I1 as B1 , B2 are in series 9R 2
\ W1 output power of B1 = I12 R1 æ E ö÷2 E2
ç
=ç ´4 =
Pmax = i Rext çè 4 + 4 ø÷÷
2
ii)
æ 250 ´300 ö÷2 V 2 16
\ W1 = çç ´
çè 8V2 ÷÷ø 100 Consumption of Electrical Energy:
Ø Units of electrical energy consumed by an
æ 250´ 300 ö÷ V2 2 electrical appliance =
W2 = I22 R2 or W2 = çç ´
çè 8V2 ÷÷ø 60 Numberof watts×Numberofhours
1000
æ 250 ´300 ö÷2 V2
W3 = I 22 R3 or W3 = çç
It is in KWH.
´
çè 8V2 ÷÷ø 60 CELLS
Ø Primary Cells: Voltaic, Leclanche, Daniel and
\ W1 : W2 : W3 = 15:25:64 or W1 < W2 < W3 Dry cells are primary cells. They convert
Maximum power transfer theorem chemical energy into electrical energy. They
can’t be recharged. They supply small currents.
i
Secondary Cells (or) Storage Cells:
Ø Electrical energy is first converted into chemical
r energy and then the stored chemical energy is
E R
converted into electrical energy due to these
cells.
Consider a device of resistance R connected to Ø These cells can be recharged.
a source of e.m.f E and internal resistance r as Ø The internal resistance of a secondary cell is
low where as the internal resistance of a primary
 E 
shown. Current in the circuit is i = 
R + r 
. cell is large.
Ø EMF of a Cell: The energy supplied by the
Power dissipated in the device is P = i2 R battery to drive unit charge around the circuit is
E2 R defined as electro motive force of the cell.
⇒P=
(R + r)2 Ø EMF is also defined as the absolute potential
difference between the terminals of a source
For maximum power dissipated in the device
when no energy is drawn from it. i.e., in the open
dP d  E2 R  circuit of the cell. It depends on the nature of
=0 ⇒  =0 electrolyte used in the cell.
dR dR  (R + r)2 
Unit :J/C (or) Volt
On simplification, we can get R = r
So, the power dissipated in an external Ø emf of a cell depends on
resistance is maximum if that resistance is equal a) metal of electrodes
to internal resistance of the source supplying the b) nature of electrolyte
current to that device. c) temperature
116 NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Ø emf of the cell is independent of E -V
a) area of plate r= ....................(B)
i
b) quantitiy of electrolyte
c) distance between plate  E −V   E −V  E 
r = =  R =  − 1 R .... (C)
d) size of the cell  V   V  V 
Internal Resistance of a Cell  R 
Ø It is the resistance offered by the electrolyte of ER
Ø
the cell. V = iR =
(R + r )
It depends on V R
1 Ø Fractional energy useful = =
Ø area of the electrodes used ( rα ) E R+r
A Ø % of fractional useful energy
Ø nature of electrolyte , concentration( rα C ) V   R 
Ø area of cross section of the electrolyte through =   100 =  100
E  R+r
which the current flows and
Ø age of the cell. V' r
Ø Internal resistance of an ideal cell is zero. Ø Fractional energy lost, =
E R+ r
Terminal Voltage:
 V'   r 
When no current flows through the cell, the Ø % of lost energy,  E 100 =  R + r 100
circuit is said to be an open circuit. This is shown  
in figure. E −V 
Ø internal resistance, r = V  R
 
DIFFERENT CONCEPTS WITH A CELL
Ø When the cell is charging, the EMF is less than
the terminal voltage (E < V) and the direction of
In such a case, the potential difference (p.d) current inside the cell is from + ve terminal to
across the terminals of the cell, called the the –ve terminal.
terminal voltage (V) will be equal to the emf i i
(E) of the cell.
If an external resistance R is connected across
E E<V
V=E+ir
the two terminals of the cell, as in figure then Ø When the cell is discharging, the EMF is greater
current flows in the closed circuit., than the terminal voltage (E >V) and the
direction of current inside the cell is from – ve
E, r terminal to the +ve terminal.
i i i
R i

E E>V
V V = E – i r ; Hence E > V
i= ........... (1) Ø Power delivered will be maximum when R = r.
R
E E2
and also i = ........... (2) So Pmax =
(R + r) 4r
Ø This statement in generalized form is called
iR + ir = E, V +ir = E, V = E – ir ‘maximum power transfer theorem’
Lost volts: It is the difference between emf
and P.D. of a cell It is used in driving the current Pmax = E 2/4r
between terminals of the cell. P
Lost volts E - V = i r
Note: Formulae related with cells
E -V R=r
i= ..................(A)
r
R
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Here the % of energy lost and energy useful are W.E-33: When a battery is connected to the
each equal to 50% resistance of 10Ω the current in the circuit is
Back EMF: When current flows through the 0.12A. The same battery gives 0.07A current
electrolyte solution, electrolysis takes place with with 20Ω . Calculate e.m.f. and internal
a layer of hydrogen and this hinders the flow of resistance of the battery.
current. In the neighbourhood of both electrodes, Sol: We know that E = Ir + IR
the concentrations of ions get altered. This opposing I 2 R2 − I1R1
EMF is called back EMF and the phenomenon is I 1r + I 1R1 = I 2r + I2 R2 ; r =
I1 − I 2
called Electrolytic polarisation.
To reduce back emf manganese dioxide (or) 0.07 × 20 − 0.12 × 10 1.4 − 1.2 0.2
r= = = = 4Ω
potassium dichromate is added to electrolyte of 0.12 − 0.07 0.05 0.05
cell. Internal resistance r = 4Ω
W.E-31: When a current drawn from a battery is e. m. f E = Ir + IR
0.5A, its terminal potential difference is 20V. 0.12 × 4 + 0.12 × 10 = 0.48 + 1.2 ; E = 1.68 volt.
And when current drawn from it is 2.0A, the GROUPING OF CELLS
terminal voltage reduces to 16 V. Find out. 1. Electric Cells in Series: When ‘n’ identical
e.m.f and internal resistance of the battery. cells each of EMF ‘E’ and internal resistance
Sol: We know ‘r’ are connected in series to an external
V = E --- Ir ; I = 0.5 A, V = 20 Volt, we have resistance ‘R’, then
20 = E – 0.5r ....... (i) Ø total emf of the combination = n E
I = 2 A, V = 16 Volt, we have Ø effective internal resistance = n r
16 = E-0.2r ....... (ii)
From eqs (i) and (ii) nE
Ø Current through external resistance i =
2E – r = 40 and E – 2r = 16 R + nr
Solving we get E = 21.3V, r = 2.675 Ω .
W.E-32: An ideal battery passes a current of 5A Ε
Ø If R << n r then i = = current from one cell
through a resistor. When it is connected to r
another resistance of 10Ω in parallel, the nE
Ø If R>> n r then i =
current is 6A. Find the resistance of the first R
resistor. Ø If two cells of different emf’s are in series
R1 R2 = 10Ω E1 + E2
Eeq = E1 + E2 ; req = r1 + r2 ; i = r + r + R
1 2
R1
5A E1 E2

Sol: 6A
r1 r2
V
V
Current through R1 in the first case i1 = 5A R
Current in the second case i2 = 6A T.P.D across the first cell V1 = E1 - ir1
Effective resistance in the second case T.P.D across the second cell V2 = E2 - ir2
R1R 2 RR Ø If one of the cell is in reverse connection
R= ; V = I1R1 and V = I2 R + R
1 2
( E1 > E2 ) then Eeq = E1 - E2
R1 + R2 1 2
E1 − E2
I 1R1 = I2
R1R 2
⇒ I1 = I 2
R2
req = r1 + r2 ; i = r + r + R
R1 + R2 R1 + R2 1 2
E1 E2
10
5 = 6× ⇒ 5(R1 + 10) = 60
R1 + 10
5R1 + 50 = 60, 5R1 = 10 r1 r2

10
R1 = = 2 Ω ⇒ R1 = 2 Ω .
5 R

118 NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY

 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
First cell is discharging then V1 = E1 - ir1 W.E-36: In the given circuit as shown below,
Second cell is charging then V2 = E2 + ir2 calculate the magnitude and direction of the
cell having less emf in charging state. current
WRONGLY CONNECTED CELLS A 2Ω e 2Ω B
Ø By mistake if ‘m’ cells out of ‘n’ cells are wrongly 10V 5V
connected to the external resistance ‘R’
(a) total emf of the combination = (n – 2m) E D 1Ω C
(b) total internal resistance = n r
(c) total resistance = R + n r Sol: Effective resistance of the circuit is
(n − 2m)E Reff = 2+ 2+ 1= 5Ω
(d) current through the circuit (i) =
R + nr V −V
∴ total current in the circuit is i = 1 2
W.E-34:Two cells A and B with same e.m.f of 2 V Reff
each and with internal resistances
rA = 3.5Ω and rB = 0.5Ω are connected in series
10 − 5
i= = 1A
with an external resistance R = 3Ω . Find the 5
terminal voltages across the two cells. Since the cell of larger emf decides the direction
Sol: Current through the circuit of flow of current, the direction of current in the
circuit is from A to B through e
ε 2+2 4
i= = = W.E-37: A voltmeter resistance 500W is used to
( R + r ) ( 3 + 3.5 + 0.5) 7
measure the emf of a cell of internal resis-
i) R = 3Ω, rA = 3.5 Ω, E = 2V
tance 4 W . The percentage error in the read-
Terminal voltages A, VA = E − ir ing of the voltmeter will be
4 Sol: V = E – ir
= 2 − × 3.5 = 0volt
7 DE ir
ii) rB = 0.5 W, R= 3 W, E = 2V \ Percentage error = ´100 = ´100
E E
Terminal voltage at B, VB = E-ir
æ E ÷ö
çç ÷r
èç R + r ÷ø æ r ÷ö
4
= 2 − × 0.5 = 1.714 volts.
= ´100 = çç ÷´100
èç R + r ÷ø
7
W.E-35: Two cells A and B each of 2 V are E
connected in series to an external resistance æ 4 ö÷
= çç ´100 = 0.8%
R=1 ohm . The internal resistance of A is rA çè 500 + 4 ø÷÷
=1.9 ohm and B is rB =0.9 ohm. Find the
potential difference between the terminals of ELECTRIC CELLS IN PARALLEL
A. When ‘n’ identical cells each of EMF ‘E’ and
Sol: internal resistance ‘r’ are connected in parallel
voltage to an external resistance ‘R’, then
Total current through the circuit i = Ø total emf of the combination = E
Totalresist an ce
r
r = 1.9Ω 0.9Ω Ø effective internal resistance =
n
A B r
Ø total resistance in the circuit = R +
n
Ø current through the external resistance
R =1Ω
E nE
4 4 i= =
= = A R+
r nR+r
(1 + 1.9 + 0.9) 3.8 . n
potential difference at A,VA = ε − ir , r E
Ø If R >> , then i = = current from one cell.
= 2−
4
× 1.9 =
n R
2 – 2 = 0.
3.8
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II

r nE nr
Ø If R << , then i = Ø Condition for maximum power R = and
n r m
Ø If two cells of emf E1 and E2 having internal
E2
resistances r1 and r2 are connected in parallel to an Pmax = ( mn )
external resistance ‘R’, then 4r
r E Ø Condition for maximum current
i1 +1 - 1 i
R r
E2 + =minimum
i n m
i2 +r -
i 2 R d  mR r   N
+ = 0 n =
dm  N m   m 
;
E 1 r 2 + E 2r 1 
the effective emf, E = r 1 + r2 R r R r
− 2 = 0; i.e., = (N = n x m)
N m n m
r1 r2 So in case of mixed grouping of cells, current
the effective internal resistance, reff = r + r
1 2 R r 
in the circuit will be maximum when  = 
E  n m
Current through the circuit, i=
reff + R nE mE
I max = =
i = i1 + i2 2R 2r
E1 − i R E2 − iR Ø Total number of cells = m × n
i1 = r and i 2 = r KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS
1 2
Potential difference across R, i.e terminal When the circuit is complecated to find current
kirchhoff’s laws are formulated.
ER
potential of the cells is V = iR = R + r (i) Kirchhoff`s First Law (Junction Law or
eff Current law) : It states that the sum of the
Ø When the cell E2 is reversed in polarity then currents flowing into a junction is equal to the
sum of the currents flowing out of the junciton .
we should use - E2 in all the above equations. Or
Mixed Grouping : If n identical cell’s are “The algebraic sum of currents at a junction is
connected in a row and such m rows are zero”.
connected in parallel as then
E,r E,r E,r
R4
1
1 2 n I1 I4
2 R1 R3
A I3
i
m I2 R2
V

R Distribution of current at a junction in the circuit

Ø Equivalent emf of the combination Ee q = nE I1 + I2 = I3 + I4 or I1 + I2 – I3 – I4 = 0
Ø Equivalent internal resistance of the combination If we take currents approaching point A in Fig
nr as positive and that leaving the point as negative,
req = then the above relation may be written as
m I1 + I2 +(–I3 ) + (–I4 ) = 0
Ø Main current flowing through the load
ΣI = 0
nE nmE Note: Thus, Kirchhoff’s first law is accordance with
i= =
nr mR + nr law of conservation of charge, since no charge
R+
m can accumulate at a junction.
120 NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(ii) Kirchoff`s Second Law (Loop Law or Potential Note:
law) : Kirchhoff’s second law states that the 1) This law represents “conservation of energy”
algebraic sum of changes in potential around any 2) If there are n meshes in a circuit, the number of
closed loop is zero. independent equations in accordance with loop
(Kirchhoff’s second law) can be expressed as rule will be (n – 1).
SV = 0 . Application : This is the most general case of
In terms of potential drops and emfs, the law is parallel grouping in which E and r of different
expressed as S( iR) +SE = 0
cells are different and the positive terminals
cells are connected as shown
Sign conventions: E1 r1
(a) The change in potential in traversing a resistance i1
in the direction of current is –IR while in the
opposite direction +IR as shown in the figure. E2 r2
A R I B A R B i2
i i
R
VA - IR = VB VB + IR = VA
VA - VB = IR VA - VB = IR Kirchhoff’s second law in diferent loops gives
the following equations,
(b) The change in potential in traversing an emf
source from negative to positive is +E while in E1 − iR −i1r1 = 0
the opposite direction –E irrespective of the
direction of current in the circuit as shown in or i1 = E1 − iR ................ (1)
the figure. r1 r1

A I +E - I B A I +E - I B E2 − iR − i2r2 = 0
E2 iR
i2 = − ............... (2)
V A - E = VB VB + E = VA r2 r2
VA - VB = E VA - VB = E
Adding Eqs. (1), (2) we get
Example 1: i1 + i2 = ( E1 / r1 ) + ( E2 / r2 )− iR(1/ r1 + 1/ r2 )
or i[1 + R(1/ r1 + 1/ r2 )] = ( E1/ r1) + ( E2 / r2 )
A i B
R1
( E1 / r1 ) + ( E2 / r2 )
i
R2 ∴i =
R3 i 1 + R(1/ r1 + 1/ r2 )
D i C W.E-38: Find the emf (V) and internal resistance
Apply the Kirchoff’s second law to the loop (r) of a single battery which is equivalent to a
ABCDA, then parallel combination of two batteries of emfs
E V1 and V2 and internal resistances r1 and r2
– iR1 – iR2 – iR3 + E = 0 ; \ i = ( R + R + R ) respectively, with polarities as shown in fig-
1 2 3 ure
Example 2:
A r1 a r2 B i2 V2
+ -
i
A i1 V1 B
i E1 E2 i
R i
Sol: EMF of battery is equal to potential difference
D i C
across the terminals, when no current is drawn
Apply the kirchoff’s second law to the loop from battery (for external circuit) [Here, all the
ADCBA, then elements in the circuit are in series]
–iR – ir2 + E2 – E1 – ir1 = 0 Current in internal circuit = i
E2 - E1 Net emf V + V2
i(r1 + R + r2 ) = E2 – E1 Þ i = \i= or i= 1
r1 + r2 + R Total resistance r1 + r2

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W.E-40: Solve for current values in figure.

i2 V2 i1 8V, 1Ω i1
i A F
i1 12V, 1.5Ω
S
+ - B E
A i V1 B i3 i2 i2
i1 i3
C D
9Ω

\ VA - VB = V1 - ir1 [ Q V1 cell is discharging] Sol: Applying Kirchhoff’s first law at the junction B we
have i1 + i2 = i3 ....... (1)
æ V + V2 ö÷
VA - VB = V1 - çç 1 ÷r Applying Kirchhoff’s second law to loop
or çè r1 + r2 ø÷÷ 1 ABEFA
– 12 + i2 x 1.5 – i1 x 1 + 8 = 0
V1r2 - V2 r1
VA - VB = i1 – 1.5 i2 = – 4. ....... (2)
r1 + r2
or From loop BCDEB
\ Equivalent emf of the battery = V – (i2 x 1.5) – (i3 x 9) + 12 = 0
1.5 i2 + 9i3 = 12 ....... (3)
V1r2 - V2 r1
\ V = r +r on solving i1 = – 1A
1 2 and i3 = 1 A
(ii) Internal resistance of equivalent battery. r1 and WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
r2 are in parallel. B
I3
1 1 1 rr
= + or r = 1 2 P Q
I1 I
r r1 r2 r1 + r2 A G C
I2
W.E-39: In the given circuit values are as follows
R S
ε1 = 2V, ε 2 = 4V,R 1 = 1Ω and R 2 = R 3 = 1 Ω . I4
Calculate the Currents through R1 , R2 and R 3 . I D

A B C ( )
E1 E2 E K
R1 R2 R3 Condition for balancing of bridge :
Applying Kirchhoff`s first law at junction B and
D we get I1 – I3 – IG = 0 ; and I2 + IG – I4 = 0
G E D
Applying Kirchhoff’s second law for closed
A -B C loop ABDA, -I1P - I GG + I 2 R = 0
i1 E1 E2 Applying Kirchhoff’s second law for closed
R1 R2 R3 i
2 loop BCDB , -I3Q + I 4 S + I GG = 0
Sol:
( i1 + i2 ) The values of P, Q, R, S are adjusted such that
G +F D I G becomes zero. At this stage the bridge is set
Let i1 , i2 are currents across R1 and R3 . to be in balance condition.
(i1 + i2 ) is current across R2 . i.e., In balanced condition of bridge IG = 0
Their direction are taken as shown ⇒ In balanced condition the above equations
From Kirchhoff’s second law for AGFBA loop respectively become
-i1R1 - (i1+i 2 ) R2 + E1 = 0 ; i1 + i1 +i2 = 2 I1 = I3 ........(1)
and I2 = I4 ........(2)
2i1 + i2 = 2 → (1)
From Kirchhoff’s second law for BCDEB loop I1 P = I 2 R ...........(3)
-i2 R3 - (i1 +i2 ) R2 + E2 = 0 ; i 2 + i 1 +i 2 = 4 I 3Q = I 4 S ............(4)
Dividing equation (3) by equation (4)
i2 + 2i2 = 4 → (2)
I1P I2 R
Solving equation (1) and (2) we get i1 = 0A, i2 = 2A =
Thus currents across R1 is 0, while across R3 I 3Q I 4 S
and R2 are 2A each. Using eqns (1) and (2) we get
122 NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY

P R W.E-41: Determine the current in each branch of

= .......(5) the network shown in fig.
Q S
B
This is the balancing condition for Wheat stone 10Ω 5Ω
bridge. A C
APPLICATIONS ON WHEATSTONE BRIDGE 5Ω
1. We can compare two unknown resistances R and 5Ω 10Ω
P R
S from =
D
Q S 10V 10Ω
2. In place of resistances we can use capacitors to B I-I1
form a D.C. Wheatstone bridge with four 10Ω 5Ω
capacitors of capacitances C1 , C2 , C3 and C4 . AI
1
5Ω C
I-I1 I-2I1
C1 C3
The balancing condition will be C = C I 5Ω 10Ω I
2 4 I1
D
3. It has been found that the bridge has the greatest F E
sensitivity when the resistances are as nearly 10V 10Ω

equal as possible. Sol: Apply KVL in loop ABDA

The bridge is most sensitive if P = Q = R = S. -10I1 + 5 (I -2I1 )+ 5(I - I1 ) = 0
4. Equivalent resistance of balanced bridge across
the ends of battery when the bridge is balanced 2I = 5I ¢ .......(1)
is given by Apply KVL in ADCEFA loop
(P + Q )(R + S) - 5( I- I1 ) -10I1 + 10 - 10I=0
P +Q+ R+S 5I1 + 15I = 10 .......(2)
5. There are seven closed meshes in wheatstone’s From equation (1) and (2)
bridge 10 21 4
Application : Direction of current in an I= ; I1 = = A
17 5 17
unbalanced wheatstone’s bridge :
4
B Current in AB branch =
Q 17
P
i1 10 4 6
i A i2 C =I - I1 = - = A
17 17 17
R S Current in DB branch
10 8 2
D
I - 2I ¢ = - = A
VAB = VA − VB = i1 P = i
(R + S)P 17 17 17
Ø Metre bridge: It works on the principle of
P + Q+ R+ S
P R
VAD = VA − VD = i2 R = i
(P + Q) R Wheatstone Bridge  = 
Q S 
P + Q+ R+ S
+ -
( )
i
(VB − VD ) = P + Q + R + S ( P + Q) R − ( R + S ) P 
Cell Key
RB
R X
i J
=
P + Q+ R+ S
[ QR − PS ] A l1 l2 B
H.R G
if QR > PS , VB > VD ⇒ current flows from B to D
Ø When the Meter bridge is balanced then
QR < PS , VB < VD ⇒ current flows from D to B R l1 l1
= =
QR = PS , VB = VD ⇒ Balanced bridge X l2 100 − l1
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II

Where l1 is the balancing length from the left 2 l

= ..................................(i)
end. x 100 - l
Note: x l + 20
1. If resistance in the left gap increases or resistance = ....................................(ii)
in the right gap decreases, balancing point shifts 2 80 - l
towards right side. Equations (i) and (ii) give x = 3W
2. If resistance in the left gap decreases or Potentiometer: Potentiometer is an instrument
resistance in the right gap increases, balancing which can measure accurately the emf of a source
point shifts towards left. or the potential difference across any part of an
3. If a cm, b cm are the end corrections at A and B, electric circuit without drawing any current.
R l1 + a a) Principle : The principle of potentiometer states
then X = l + b that when a constant current is passed through a
2 wire of uniform area of cross-section, the potential
4. Meter bridge is more sensitive if l1 = 50 cm drop across any portion of the wire is directly
proportional to the length of that portion.
5. The resistance of copper strip is called end The principle of potentiometer require that
resistance i) potentiometer wire should be of uniform area
W.E-42: In the shown arrangement of the ex- of cross-section and
periment of the meter bridge if AC corre- ii) current through the wire should remain
sponding to null deflection of galvanometer constant.
is x, what would be its value if the radius of c) Theory of potentiometer : The end of the
the wire AB is doubled? potentiometer wire AB are connected to a standard
cell of emf E or a source of emf E that supplies
R1 R2 constant current. The current through the
potentiometer wire can be varied by means of a
G
series resistance Rs which is adjustable.
A C B
x
i r k RS
Sol:For null deflection of galvanometer in a + - ( )
metrebridge experiment, r E Primarycircuit
I I
R1 RAC R x
= or 1 =
R2 (100 - x)
1 D
R2 R CB A B
Secondary circuit J
Since R1 / R2 remains constant, x / (100-x) also HR
remains constant. The value of x remains as such. + -
\ Length of AC = x e
G
W.E-43: A resistance of 2 W is connected across Let r be the internal resistance of the cell of emf E
one gap of a metre-bridge (the length of the connected across the potentiometer wire of length
wire is 100 cm) and an unknown resistance, L and resistance R. The current through the
greater than 2 W , is connected across the potentiometer wire is
other gap. When these resistances are inter- E
changed, the balance point shifts by 20 cm. I=
r + R + Rs
Neglecting any corrections, the unknown re-
The potential of the wire decreases from the end A
sistance is
to the end B. The potential fall or potential drop
Sol: Refer to the diagram Apply the conditions of
the balanced Wheatstone’s bridge for the two across a length l of the potentiometer wire is
cases. V = Current x Resistance of length l of the
R
potentiometer wire = I ×   l
R1 R2

G L
100-l R
l If the resistance per unit length of the wire , is
L
124 NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
denoted by ρ , the potential drop across the wire E is in open circuit so it’s emf balances on length l1
is
i.e E = xl1 .....(i)
V = I ×ρ ×l
Ø Now key K ’ is closed so cell E comes in closed
V circuit. If the process of balancing is repeated
is called potential drop per unit length of the
l again keeping constant then potential difference
potentiometer wire or potential gradient of the wire.
V balances on length l 2
It is given by
 E R i.e V = xl2 .....(ii)
V
= I ρ =  Ø By using formula internal resistance
l  r + R + RS  L
E  /
Thus, the unknown voltage V is measured when r =  − 1 . R
no current is drawn from it. V 
1) When specific resistance (S) of potentiometer Where E = emf of cell in secondary circuit
wire is given then potential gradiant V = Terminal voltage
IS IS  l1 − l2 
X= = 2
A pr i.e p.d on R, r =  l  R '
 2 
where A = area of cross - section of potentiometer
E l1 E l
wire r = Radius of potentiometer wire. Q= , −1 = 1 −1
2) When two wires of length L1 a n d L2 and V l2 V l2
resistance R1 and R2 are joined together to form COMPARISON OF EMF’S OF TWO CELLS
Ø Let l1 and l2 be the balancing length with the
x R L
the potentiometer wire, then x = L R
1 1 2
cell E1 and E2 respectively, then E1 = xl1 and
2 1 2
E l
Potential gradient depends on E2 = xl 2 ⇒ 1 = 1
a) Resistance per unit length of the potentiometer E2 l2
wire (ρ =R/L) Rh
e,r K
b) Radius of crosssection of the potentiometer ( )
wire, when the series resistance is included in
the circuit and cell in the primary circuit is not J
A
ideal. B
E1 G
c) Current flowing through potentiometer wire. 1
d) emf of the cell in primary circuit E2
e) Series resistance in the primary circuit 2
f) Total length (L) and resistance (R) of the Ø Let E1 > E2 and both are connected in series.
potentiometer wire.
g) If cell in primary circuit is ideal and in the If balancing length is l1 when cells assist each
absence of series resistance potential gradient other and it is l 2 when they oppose each other
only depends on emf of cell in primary circuit
and length of potentiometer wire as shown then:
TO DETERMINE THE INTERNAL E1 E2 E1 E2
RESISTANCE OF A PRIMARY CELL: + − + − + − − +
k Rh
e, r
( ) ( E1 + E2 ) = xl1 ( E1 − E2 ) = xl 2
E1 + E2 l1 E1 l1 + l2
A
J ⇒ = (or) E = l − l
G
B
E1 − E2 l2 2 1 2
E
Comparison of resistances:
( )

R1 K1
Let the balancing length for resistance R1 (when
Ø Initially in secondary circuit key K’ remains open
XY is connected) be l1 and let balancing length
and balancing length ( l1 ) is obtained. Since cell
125
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II

for resistance R1 + R2 (when YZ is connected) be 2. Sensitivity is inversly proportional to potential

gradient so lower the potential gradient higher will
l2 . keeping X constant be the sensitivity.
3. The best instrument for accurate measurement of
e.m.f. of a cell is potentiometer, because it does
not draw any current from the cell.
Calibration of ammeter: Checking the
correctness of ammeter readings with the help
of potentiometer is called calibration of ammeter.
K
+e - Rh
()

A + B
Then iR1 = xl1 and
+ - E1 1
R2 l2 − l1 2
i ( R1 + R2 ) = xl2 ⇒
G
= 1Ω 3
R1 l1 +A -
To determine thermo emf: K2 Rh
+ - ()
e r K Rh
+ -
() Ø For the calibration of an ammeter, 1Ω resistance
R A
coil is specifically used in the secondary circuit
A HRB B of the potentiometer, because the potential
G difference across 1Ω is equal to the current
+ - G following through it i.e V = i
E0 1 2 3
Ø If the balancing length for the emf
Cold ice Hot sand
E0
Ø The value of thermo-emf in a thermocouple for E0 is l0 then E0 = xl0 ⇒ x = l (Process of
ordinary temperature difference is very low 0

(10 −6
)
volt . For this the potential gradient x
Ø
standardisation)
Let i ' current flows through 1Ω resistance giving
must be also very low 10 V / m . Hence a ( −4
) potential difference as V ' = i ' (1) = xl1 where l1
high resistance (R) is connected in series with is the balancing length. so error can be found as
the potentiometer wire in order to reduce current E
in the primary circuit ∆i = i − i ' = i − xl1 = i − 0 × l1
Ø The potential difference across R must be equal l0
to the emf of standard cell Here i is ammeter reading
Calibration of voltmeter:
E
i.e iR = E0 ∴i = 0 Ø Checking the correctness of voltmeter readings
R with the help of potentiometer is called
Ø The small thermo emf produced in the calibration of voltmeter.
thermocouple e = xl Ø If l0 is balancing length for E0 the emf of
iR |
iRI | standard cell by connecting 1 and 2 of bi-
Ø x = iρ = ∴ e=
L L directional key, then x = E 0 / l 0
where L = Length of potentiometer wire, K1 Rh
+ -
ρ =resistance per unit length, l = balancing ()

length of e and
A + B
R| = Resistance of potentiometer wire + - E0
1
SENSITIVITY OF POTENTIO METER V
2
3
G
RB
1. Sensitivity of potentio meter is estimated by its K2
potential gradient. + - ()

126 NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY

 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Ø The balancing length l1 for unknown potential
difference V ' is given by (closing 2 and 3) C. U. Q
E  ELECTRIC CURRENT AND DRIFT
V | = xl1 =  0  l1
 l0  VELOCITY
1. If n, e, τ , m, are representing electron density,,
If the voltmeter reading is V then the error will be
charge, relaxation time and mass of an
(V − V ) which may be +ve, -ve or zero
|
electron respectively then the resistance of
W.E-44:The length of a potentiometer wire is 1m wire of length l and cross sectional area A is
given by
and its resistance is 4Ω . A current of 5 mA is
flowing in it. An unknown source of e.m.f is ml 2mA ne2 τA
balanced on 40 cm length of this wire, then 1) 2) 3) ne2 τA 4)
ne 2 tA ne 2 τ 2m
find the e.m.f of the source. 2. Among the following dependences of drift
R 5× 4
Sol: x = I ρ = I L = 1 = 20 mV
velocity vd on electric field E, Ohm’s Law
obeyed is
E = 1 x = 0. 40 x 20 = 8 mV
1) vd α E 2) vd α E 2
W.E-45: A cell of e.m.f 2 volt and internal
resistance 1.5Ω is connected to the ends of 3) vd α E 4) vd = constant
1m long wire. The resistance of wire is 3. A steady current is passing through a linear
0.5Ω / m . Find the value of potential gradient conductor of nonuniform cross-section. The
on the wire. net quantity of charge crossing any cross
section per second is
I R  E  R 2 × 0.5
Sol: X = =  =
1) independent of area of cross-section
=0. 5 V/m
L  R + r  L 0.5 + 1.5 2) directly proportional to the length of the
W.E-46: In a potentiometer experiment the conductor
balancing length with a cell is 560 cm. When 3) directly proportional to the area of cross
an external resistance of 10Ω is connected in section.
4) inversely proportional to the area of the
parallel to the cell, the balancing length
conductor
changes by 60 cm. Find the internal resistance
4. Given a current carrying wire of non-uniform
of the cell. cross section. Which of the following quantity
Sol: Balancing lengthl1 = 560cm or quantities are constant throughout the
Change in balancing length ( l1 − l 2 ) = 60cm length of the wire?
560 − l2 = 60 1) current, electric field and drift speed
2) drift speed only
∴ l 2 = 500cm
3) current and drift speed
æ l -l ö
r =R çç 1 2 ÷÷÷ Þ r =10´
4) current only
ur
60 6
= =1.2 W
çè l ø÷ 500 5
. 5. When electric field ( E ) is applied on the ends
2

W.E-47: In a potentiometer experiment when a of a conductor, the free electrons starts

moving in direction
battery of e.m.f. 2V is included in the ur ur
secondary circuit, the balance point is 500cm. 1) similar to E 2) Opposite to E
Find the balancing length of the same end ur
3) Perpendicular to E 4) Cannot be predicted
when a cadimum cell of e.m.f. 1.018V is
6. The drift speed of an electron in a metal is of
connected to the secondary circuit.
the order of
Sol: E ∝ l 1) 10–13 m/s 2) 10–3 mm/s
E1 l1 –4
3) 10 m/s 4) 10–30 m/s
=
E2 l 2 7. In metals and vacuum tubes charge carriers
E2 1.018 are
l2 = × l1 = × 500 = 254.5cm . 1) electrons 2) protons
E1 2
3) both 4) positrons
127
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II
8. The electric intensity E, current density j and 17. i-v graph for a metal at temperatures t1 , t2 , t3
conductivity σ are related as : are as shown. The highest temperature is
1) j = σE 2) j = E / σ 3) jE = σ 4) j = σ2 E t3

t2
9. Electric field (E) and current density (J) have i
relation t1

1 1
1) E ∝ J −1 2) E ∝ J 3) E ∝ 2 4) E ∝
2
V
J J 1) t1 2) t2 3) t3 4) t1 = t2 = t 3
10. Assertion : A current flows in a conductor only 18. A certain piece of copper is to be shaped into
when there is an electric field within the
a conductor of minimum resistance. Its length
conductor.
Reason : The drift velocity of electron in and cross sectional area should be
presence of electric field decreases. 1) L and A 2) 2L and A/2
1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct 3) L/2 and 2A 4) 3L and A/3
explanation of A. 19. When light falls on semiconductors, their
2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the resistance
correct explanation of A. 1) decreases 2) increases
3) (A) is true but (R) is false 3) does not change 4) can’t be predicted
4) (A) is false but (R) is true 20. With the increase of temperature, the ratio of
OHM’S LAW & FACTORS conductivity to resistivity of a metal conductor
EFFECTING RESISTANCE 1) Decreases 2) Remains same
11. In an electric circuit containg a battery, the 3) Increases 4) May increase or decrease
charge (assumed positive) inside the battery 21. The conductivity of a super conductor, in the
1) always goes form the positive terminal to the super conducting state is
negative terminal 1) Zero 2) Infinity
2) may move from the positive terminal to the
3) Depends on temp
negative terminal
3) always goes from the negative terminal to the 4) Depends on free election
positive terminal 22. When a piece of aluminium wire of finite length
4) does not move . is drawn through a series of dies to reduce its
12. From the following the quantity which is diameter to half its original value, its resistance
analogous to temperature in electricity is will become
1) potential 2) resistance 1) Two times 2) Four times
3) current 4) charge 3) Eight times 4) Sixteen times
13. The flow of the electric current through a
metallic conductor is 23. Metals have
1) only due to electrons 1) Zero resistivity 2) High resistivity
2) only due to +ve charges 3) Low resistivity 4) Infinite resistivity
3) due to both nuclei and electrons. 24. Consider a rectangular slab of length L, and
4) can not be predicted. area of cross-section A. A current I is passed
14. For making standard resistance, wire of through it, if the length is doubled the potential
following material is used drop across the end faces
1) Nichrome 2) Copper 1) Becomes half of the initial value
3) Silver 4) manganin
2) Becomes one-forth of the initial value
15. Material used for heating coils is
1) Nichrome 2) Copper 3) Becomes double the initial value
3) Silver 4) Manganin 4) Remains Same
16. A piece of silver and another of silicon are heated 25. A metallic block has no potential difference
from room temperature. The resistance of applied across it, then the mean velocity of
1) each of them increases free electrons is (T = absolute temperature
2) each of them decreases of the block)
3) Silver increases and Silicon decreases 1) Proportional to T 2) Proportional to T
4) Silver decreases and Silicon increases 3) Zero
4) Finite but independent of temperature.
128 NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
26. The resistance of a metal increases with 33. Fuse wire is a wire of
increasing temperature because 1) low melting point and low value of a
1) The collisions of the conducting electrons with 2) high melting pointand high value of a
the electrons increases. 3) high melting point and low value of a
2) The collisions of the conducting electrons
with the lattice consisting of the ions of the metal 4) low melting point and high value of a
increases 34. Assertion : Material used in the construction
3) The number of the conduction electrons of a standard resistance is constantan or
decreases. manganin.
4) The number of conduction electrons increase. Reason : Temperature coefficient of constantan
27. In the absence of applied potential, the electric is very small.
current flowing through a metallic wire is zero 1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
because explanation of A.
1) The average velocity of electron is zero 2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
2) The electrons are drifted in random direction with correct explanation of A.
a speed of the order of 10-2cm/s. 3) (A) is true but (R) is false
3) The electrons move in random direction with a 4) (A) is false but (R) is true
speed of the order close to that of velocity of light.
4) Electrons and ions move in opposite direction. 35. Assertion (A) : Bending of a conducting wire
effects electrical resistance.
28. A long constan wire is connected across the
terminals of an ideal battery. if the wire is Reason (R) : Resistance of a wire depends on
cut in to two equal pieces and one of them is resistivity of that material.
now connected to the same battery, what will 1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
be the mobility of free electrons now in the explanation of A.
wire compared to that in the first case? 2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
1) same as that of previous value correct explanation of A.
2) double that of previous value 3) (A) is true but (R) is false
3) half that of previous value 4) (A) is false but (R) is true
4) four times that of previous value 36. Assertion (A) : When the radius of a copper
29. Ohm’s law is not applicable for wire is doubled, its specific resistance gets
1) insulators 2) semi conductors increased.
3) vaccum tube 4) all the above Reason (R):Specific resistance is independent
30. V - I graphs for two materials is shown in the of cross-section of material used
figure. The graphs are drawn at two different 1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
temperatures. explanation of A.
Y 2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
T2
T1 correct explanation of A.
3) (A) is true but (R) is false
I
θ
4) (A) is false but (R) is true
θ
THERMISTOR
V X 37. The thermistors are usually made of
1) T1 - T2 µ cot2q 2) T1 - T2 µsin2q 1) metals with low temperature coefficient of
resistivity
3) T1 - T2 µ tan2q 4) T1 - T2 µcos2q 2) metals with high temperature coefficient of
31. Wires of Nichrome and Copper of equal resistivity.
dimensions are connected in series in 3) metal oxides with high temperature coefficient
electrical circuit. Then of resistivity
1) More current will flow in copper wire 4) semiconducting materials having
2) More current will flow in Nichrome wire
3) Copper wire will get heated more low temperature coefficient of resistivity
4) Nichrome wire will get heated more 38. For a chosen non-zero value of voltage, there
32. At absolute zero silver wire behaves as can be more than one value of current in
1) copper wire 2) thermistor
1) Super conductor 2) Semi conductor
3) Perfect insulator 4) Semi insulator 3) zener diode 4) manganin wire

129
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 CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II
ELECTRIC POWER 45. Two metallic wires of same material and same
39. A heater coil is cut into two equal parts and length have different diameters. When the
only one part is used in the heater. Then the wires are connected in parallel across an ideal
heat generated becomes battery the rate of heat produced in thinner
1) become one fourth 2) halved wire is Q1 and that in thicker wire is Q2 . The
3) doubled4) become four times
40. Two lamps have resistance r and R, R being correct statement is
greater than r. If they are connected in parallel 1) Q1 = Q2 2) Q1 < Q2 3) Q1 > Q2
in an electric circuit, then
1) the lamp with resistance R will shine more 4) It will depend on the emf of the battery
brightly 46. There are two metalic wires of same material,
2) the lamp with resistance r will shine more brightly same length but of different radii. When these
3) the two lamps will shine equal brightly are connected to an ideal battery in series, heat
4) the lamp with resistance R will not shine at all
41. Two bulbs are fitted in a room in the domestic produced is H1 but when connected in parallel,
electric installation. If one of them glows heat produced is H2 for the same time. Then
brighter than the other, then the correct statement is
1) the brighter bulb has smaller resistance
2) the brighter bulb has larger resistance 1) H1 = H2 2) H1 < H2
3) both the bulbs have the same resistance 3) H1 > H2 4) No relation
4) nothing can be said about the resistance unless
other factors are known 47. Two electric bulbs rated P1 watt andV volt ,
42. Three identical bulbs P, Q and R are connected are connected in series, across V-volt supply.
to a battery as shown in the figure. When the The total power consumed is
circuit is closed P1 ⋅ P2
P +P
1) 1 2 2) P1 ⋅ P2 3) P + P 4) ( P1 + P2 )
P
K 2 1 2

+ 48. In above question, if the bulbs are connected

Q R
−
in parallel, total power consumed is
P1 + P2 P1 ⋅ P2
1) Q and R will be brighter than P 1) 2) P1 ⋅ P23) P + P 4) ( P1 + P2 )
2 1 2
2) Q and R will be dimmer than P 49. Which of the following causes production of
3) All the bulbs will be equally bright heat, when current is set up in a wire
4) Q and R will not shine at all 1) Fall of electron from higher orbits to lower orbits
43. Figure shows three similar lamps L1 , L2 , L3
connected across a power supply. If the lamp 2)Inter atomic collisions
L3 fuses. The light emitted by L1 and L2 will 3)Inter electron collisions
change as 4)Collisions of conduction electrons with atoms
50. A constant voltage is applied between the two
L1
ends of a metallic wire. If both the length and
the radius of the wire are doubled, the rate of
Power supply

heat developed in the wire

1) will be doubled 2) will be halved
L2 L3 3) will remain the same 4) will be quadrupled
51. A resistor R1 dissipates the power P when
1) no change connected to a certain generator. If the
2) brilliance of L1 decreases and that of L2 resistor R2 is put in series with R1 , the power
increases dissipated by R1
3) brilliance of both L1 and L2 increases
1) Decreases 2) Increases
4) brilliance of both L1 and L2 decreases
44. The potential difference across a conductor is 3) Remains the same
doubled, the rate of generation of heat will 4) Any of the above depending upon the relative
1) become one fourth 2) be halved values of R1 and R2
3) be doubledtimes 4) become four times

130 NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY

 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
CELL-INTERNAL RESISTANCE 62. The resistance of an open circuit is
EMF 1) Infinity 2) Zero
52. Back emf of a cell is due to 3) Negative 4) cann’t be predicted
1) Electrolytic polarization 63. According to joule's law if potential difference
2) Peltier effect across a conductor having a material of specific
3) Magnetic effect of current resistance ρ , remains constant, then heat
4) Internal resistance produced in the conductor is directly
53. The direction of current in a cell is proportional to
1) ( − ) ve pole to ( + ) ve pole during discharging 1 1
1) ρ 2) ρ2 3) ρ 4)
ρ
2) ( + ) ve pole to ( − ) ve pole during discharging
64. Internal resistance of a cell depends on
3) Always ( − ) ve pole to ( + ) ve pole 1) concentration of electrolyte
4) always flows from (+)ve ploe to (-) ve pole 2) distance between the electrodes
54. When an electric cell drives current through 3) area of electrode
load resistance, its Back emf, 4) all the above
1) Supports the original emf 65. When cells are arranged in series
2) Opposes the original emf 1) the current capacity decreases
3) Supports if internal resistance is low 2) The current capacity increases
4) Opposes if load resistance is large 3) the emf increases 4) the emf decreases
55. The terminal voltage of a cell is greater than 66. To supply maximum current, cells should be
its emf. when it is arrange in
1) being charged 2) an open circuit 1) series 2) parallel 3) Mixed grouping
3) being discharged 4) it never happens 4) depends on the internal and external resistance
56. What is constant in a battery ( also called a 67. The terminal Pd of a cell is equal to its emf if
source of emf) ? 1) external resistance is infinity
1) current supplied by it 2) internal resistance is zero
2) terminal potential difference 3) both 1 and 2
3) internal resistance 4) internal resistance is 5Ω
4) emf 68. The electric power transfered by a cell to an
57. From the following the standard cell is
external resistance is maximum when the
1) Daniel cell 2) Cadmium cell
external resistance is equal to ...(r internal
3) Leclanche cell 4) Lead accumulator
resistance)
58. A cell is to convert
1) chemical energy into electrical energy r
1) 2) 2r 3) r 4) r2
2) electrical energy into chemical energy 2
3) heat energy into potential energy 69. Which depolarizers are used to neutralizes
4) potential energy into heat energy hydrogen layer in cells
59. ‘n’ identical cells, each of internal resistance 1) Potassium dichromite 2) Manganese dioxide
(r) are first connected in parallel and then 3) 1 or 2 4) hydrogen peroxide
connected in series across a resistance ( R). 70. Assertion : Series combination of cells is used
If the current through R is the same in both when their internal resitance is much smaller
cases, then than the external resistance.
1) R = r/2 2) r = R/2 3) R = r 4) r = 0
nε
60. The value of internal resistance of ideal cell is Reason : I = where the symbols have
1) Zero 2) infinite 3) 1 Ω 4) 2 Ω R + nr
61. In a circuit two or more cells of the same emf their standard meaning,in series connection
are connected in parallel in order 1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
1) Increases the pd across a resistance in the circuit explanation of A.
2) Decreases pd across a resistance in the circuit 2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
3) Facilitate drawing more current from the correct explanation of A.
battery system 3) (A) is true but (R) is false
4) Change the emf across the system of batteries 4) (A) is false but (R) is true
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71. Assertion (A) : To draw more current at low 78. In a wheatstone's bridge three resistances
P.d; parallel connection of cells is preferred. P,Q,R connected in three arms and the fourth
Reason (R) : In parallel connection, current arm is formed by two resitances S1 ,S2 con-
nE nected in parallel.The condition for bridge to
i= , if r >> R.
r be balanced will be
1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct P R P 2R
explanation of A. 1) Q = S + S 2) Q = S + S
1 2 1 2
2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
correct explanation of A. P R ( S1 + S 2 ) P R ( S1 + S 2 )
3) (A) is true but (R) is false 3) Q = 4) Q = 2 S S
S1S 2 1 2
4) (A) is false but (R) is true 79. Assertion : At any junction of a network,
KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS algebraic sum of various currents is zero
WHEATSTONE BRIDGE Reason : At steady state there is
72. Kirchoff’s law of meshes is in accordance with no accumulation of charge at the junction.
law of conservation of 1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
1) charge 2) current correct explanation of A.
3) energy 4) angular momentum 2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
73. Kirchoff’s law of junctions is also called the correct explanation of A.
law of conservation of 3) (A) is true but (R) is false
4) (A) is false but (R) is true
1) energy 2) charge
3) momentum 4) angular momentum METERBRIDGE
74. Wheatstones’s bridge cannot be used for 80. Metal wire is connected in the left gap, semi
measurement of very ——— resistances. conductor is connected in the right gap of
1) high 2) low 3) low(or) high 4) zero meter bridge and balancing point is found.
75. In a balanced Wheatstone’s network, the Both are heated so that change of resistances
resistances in the arms Q and S are in them are same. Then the balancing point
interchange d. As a result of this : 1) will not shift
1)galvanometer and the cell must be interchanged 2) shifts towards left
to balance 3) shifts towards right
2) galvanometer shows zero deflection 4) depends on rise of temperature
81. A metre bridge is balanced with known
3) network is not balanced
resistance in the right gap and a metal wire
4) network is still balanced
in the left gap. If the metal wire is heated
76. If galvanometer and battery are interchanged
the balance point.
in balanced wheatstone bridge, then
1) shifts towards left
1) the battery discharges 2) shifts towards right
2) the bridge still balances 3) does not change
3) the balance point is changed 4) may shift towards left or right depending on
4) the galvanometer is damaged due to flow of high the nature of the metal.
current 82. In metre bridge experiment of resistances, the
77. Wheatstone bridge can be used known and unknown resistances are inter-
1) To compare two unknown resistances. changed . The error so removed is
2) to measure small strains produced in hardmetals 1) end correction
3) as the working principle of meterbridge 2) index error
4) All the above 3) due to temperature effect
4) random error

132 NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY

 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
83. In a metre-bridge experiment, when the 89. If the emf of the cell in the primary circuit is
resistances in the gaps are interchanged, the doubled, with out changing the cell in the
balance-point did not shift at all. The ratio of secondary circuit, the balancing length is
resistances must be 1) Doubled 2) Halved
1) Very large 2) Very small 3) Uncharged 4) Zero
3) Equal to unity 4) zero
84. Assertion (A) : Meterbridge wire is made up 90. The potential gradients on the potentiometer
of manganin wire are V1 and V2 with an ideal cell and a
Reason (R) : The temperature coeffiecient real cell of same emf in the primary circuit
of resistance is very small for manganin then
1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
1) V1 = V2 2) V1 > V2 3) V1 < V2 4) V1 ≤ V2
correct explanation of A.
2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the 91. If the current in the primary circuit is
correct explanation of A. decreased, then balancing length is obtained
3) (A) is true but (R) is false at
4) (A) is false but (R) is true 1) Lower length 2) Higher length
POTENTIOMETER 3) Same length 4) 1/3rd length
85. A potentiometer is superior to voltmeter for 92. Temperature coefficient of resistance 'α ' and
measuring a potential because resistivity ‘ ρ ’ of a potentiometer wire must
1) voltmeter has high resistance be
2) resistance of potentiometer wire is quite low
1) high and low 2) low and high
3) potentiometer does not draw any current from
the unknown source of emf. to be measured. 3) low and low 4) high and high
4) sensitivity of potentiometer is higher than that 93. A series high resistance is preferable than
of a voltmeter. shunt resistance in the galvanometer circuit
86. In comparing emf’s of 2 cells with the help of of potentiometer. Because
potentiometer, at the balance point, the 1) shunt resistances are costly
current flowing through the wire is taken from 2) shunt resistance damages the galvanometer
1) Any one of these cells.
3) series resistance reduces the current through
2) both of these cells
galvanometer in an unbalanced circuit
3) Battery in the primary circuit
4) From an unknown source 4) high resistances are easily available
87. A potentiometer wire is connected across the 94. The sensitivity of potentiometer wire can be
ideal battery now, the radius of potentiometer increased by
wire is doubled without changing its length. 1) decreasing the length of potentiometer wire
The value of potential gradient 2) increasing potential gradient on its wire
1) increases 4 times 2) increases two times
3) increasing emf of battery in the primary circuit
3) Does not change 4) becomes half
88. In a potentiometer of ten wires, the balance 4) decreasing the potential gradient on its wire
point is obtained on the sixth wire. To shift 95. A cell of emf ‘E’ and internal resistance ‘r’
the balance point to eighth wire, we should connected in the secondary gets balanced
1) increase resistance in the primary circuit. against length ‘ l ’ of potentiometer wire. If a
2) decrease resistance in the primary circuit. resistance ‘R’ is connected in parallel with
3) decrease resistance in series with the cell whose the cell, then the new balancing length for
emf. has to be measured. the cell will be
4) increase resistance in series with the cell whose æ R ö R− r 
1) çççè R - r ø÷÷÷ l 2)  R  l 3)  r  4)  R + r  l
R  R 
emf. has to be measured.
   

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96. Potentiometer is an ideal instrument, because 103. The quantity that cannot be measured by a po-
1) no current is drawn from the source of unknown tentiometer is ...........
emf 1) Resistance 2) emf
2) current is drawn from the source of unknown 3) current in the wire 4) Inductance
emf 104. Assertion : Potentiometer is much better than
3) it gives deflection even at null point a voltmeter for measuring emf of cell
4) it has variable potential gradient Reason : A potentiometer draws no current
97. On increasing the resistance of the primary while measuring emf of a cell
circuit of potentiometer, its potential gradient 1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
will correct explanation of A.
1) become more 2) become less 2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
3) not change 4) become infinite correct explanation of A.
98. If the value of potential gradient on potentiometer 3) (A) is true but (R) is false
wire is decreased, then the new null point will 4) (A) is false but (R) is true
be obtained at 105. A : The emf of the cell in secondary circuit must
1) lower length 2) higher length be less than emf of cell in primary circuit in
3) same length 4) nothing can be said potentiometer.
99. A cell of negligible internal resistance is R : Balancing length cannot be more than
connected to a potentiometer wire and length of potentiometer wire.
potential gradient is found. Keeping the 1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
length as constant, if the radius of correct explanation of A.
potentiometer wire is increased four times, 2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
the potential gradient will become (no series correct explanation of A.
resistance in primary) 3) (A) is true but (R) is false
1) 4 times 2) 2 times 3) half 4) constant 4) (A) is false but (R) is true
100. For the working of potentiometer, the emf of cell
in the primary circuit (E) compared to the emf of C. U. Q KEY
the cell in the secondary circuit (E1 ) is 1) 1 2) 1 3) 1 4) 4 5) 2 6) 3
1) E > E1 2) E < E1 7) 1 8) 1 9) 2 10) 3 11) 2 12) 1
3) Both the above 4) E = E1 13) 1 14) 4 15) 1 16) 3 17) 1 18) 3
101. The balancing lengths of potentiometer wire 19) 1 20) 1 21) 2 22) 4 23) 1 24) 3
are l1 and l2 when two cells of emf E1 and E2 25) 3 26) 2 27) 1 28) 1 29) 4 30) 1
are connected in the secondary circuit in 31) 4 32) 1 33) 4 34) 1 35) 2 36) 4
series first to help each other and next to 37) 3 38) 2 39) 3 40) 2 41) 1 42) 2
E1 43) 2 44) 4 45) 2 46) 2 47) 3 48) 4
oppose each other E is equal to (E1 >E2 ). 49) 4 50) 1 51) 1 52) 1 53) 1 54) 2
2
55) 1 56) 4 57) 2 58) 1 59) 3 60) 1
l1 l1 − l2 l1 + l2 l2 61) 3 62) 1 63) 4 64) 4 65) 3 66) 4
1) l 2) l + l 3) l − l 4) l
2 1 2 1 2 1 67) 3 68) 3 69) 3 70) 1 71) 1 72) 3
102. At the moment when the potentiometer is 73) 2 74) 2 75) 3 76) 2 77) 4 78) 3
balanced, 79) 1 80) 3 81) 2 82) 1 83) 3 84) 1
1) Current flows only in the primary circuit 85) 3 86)3 87) 3 88) 1 89) 2 90) 2
2) Current flows only in the secondary circuit 91) 2 92) 2 93) 3 94) 4 95) 4 96) 1
3) Current flows both in primary and secondary 97) 2 98) 2 99) 4 100)1 101)3 102) 1
circuits 103) 4 104) 1 105) 1
4) current does not flow in any circuit
134 NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
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7. In the circuit shown, the reading of the

LEVEL - I (C. W) voltmeter and the ammeter are
6V
ELECTRIC CURRENT & DRIFT
VELOCITY A
100Ω 100Ω
1. If the electron in a Hydrogen atom makes
6.25x1015 revolutions in one second, the 100Ω
V
current is
V
1) 1.12 mA 2) 1 mA 3) 1.25 mA 4) 1.5 mA
1)4V, 0.2A 2) 2V, 0.4A 3)3V, 0.6A 4)4V, 0.04A
2. The current through a wire connected to a
8. The resistance of a wire of 100 cm length is
condenser varies with time as i = ( 2t + 1) A 10 Ω . Now, it is cut into 10 equal parts and all
The charge transport to the condenser from of them are twisted to form a single bundle.
t = 0 to t = 5s is Its resistance is
1) 5C 2) 55C 3) 30C 4) 60C 1) 1 Ω 2) 0.5 Ω 3) 5 Ω 4) 0.1 Ω
3. A copper wire of cross-sectional area 2.0 9. A metallic wire of resistance 20 ohm stretched
−8 until its length is doubled. Its resistance is
mm2 , resistivity = 1.7 ×10 Ωm , carries a 1) 20 Ω 2) 40 Ω 3) 80 Ω 4) 60 Ω
current of 1 A. The electric field in the copper 10. A wire of resistance 20 Ω is bent in the form
wire is of a square. The resistance between the ends
−
1) 8.5 ×10 V / m
5 −
2) 8.5 ×10 V / m
4 of diagonal is
1) 10 Ω 2) 5 Ω 3) 20 Ω 4) 15 Ω
3) 8.5 ×10−3 V / m 4) 8.5 ×10 −2 V / m 11. Resistance of each 10 Ω are connected as
OHM’S LAW AND COMBINATION OF shown in the fig. The effective resistance
RESISTANCES betweeen A and G is
4. Using three wires of resistances 1 ohm, 2ohm B
and 3 ohm, then no.of different values of A
C D G
resistances that possible are E F
1) 6 2) 4 3) 10 4) 8 1) 16 Ω 2) 20 Ω 3) 12 Ω 4) 8 Ω
5. Six resistances of each 12 ohm are connected 12. Which arrangement of four identical
as shown in the fig. The effective resistance resistances should be used to draw maximum
between the terminals A and B is energy from a cell of voltage V
1)
A B

2)
1) 8 Ω 2) 6 Ω 3) 4 Ω 4) 12 Ω
6. Current ‘i’ coming from the battery and
ammeter reading are 3)
4Ω

4Ω i 2V 4)

4Ω 13. If four resistances are connected as shown in

A
4Ω the fig. between A and B the effective
resistance is
3 1 1 1 4Ω
1) A, A 2) A, A A
8 8 8 8 6Ω B
1.6 Ω
2 1
3) 2 A, A 4) 2 A, A 4Ω
3 8 1) 4 Ω 2) 8 Ω 3) 2.4 Ω 4) 2 Ω
135
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CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II

14. A letter 'A' is constructed as a uniform wire of 23. Four wires made of same material have
resistance 1 ohm/cm. The sides of the letter different lengths andJEE MAINS
radii, - VOL
the wire - VII
having
are 20 cm long and the cross piece in the middle more resistance in the following case is
is 10cm long while the vertex angle is 600 . The 1) l = 100cm, r = 1mm 2) l = 50cm, r = 2mm
resistance of the letter between the two ends
1
3) l = 100 c m , r = 2 m m 4) l = 50cm, r = mm
of the legs is 1
1) 40/3 Ω 2) 80/3 Ω 3) 40 Ω 4) 10 Ω 2
15. Find the value of colour coded resistance 24. Two different wires have specific resistivities,
shown is fig lengths, area of cross-sections are in the raio
3:4, 2:9 and 8:27. Then the ratio of resistance
of two wires is
16 9 8 27
1) 2) 3) 4)
Green Red Orenge Silver 9 16 27 8
1) 520 ± 10% 2) 5200 ± 1% 25. Two wires made of same material have their
3) 52000 ± 10% 4) 52000 ± 1% length are in the ratio 1:2 and their masses in
16. The resistance of a wire is 2 Ω . If it is drawn the ratio 3 : 16. The ratio of resistance of
in such a way that it experiences a longitudinal two wires is
strain 200%. Its new resistance is 1) 3/4 2) 1:2 3) 2:1 4) 4:3
1) 4 Ω 2) 8 Ω 3) 16 Ω 4) 18 Ω 26. A wire of resistance 18 ohm is drawn until its
17. ‘n’ conducting wires of same dimensions but 1
having resistivities 1, 2, 3,...n are connected radius reduce th of its original radius then
2
in series. The equivalent resistivity of the resistance of the wire is
combination is 1) 188 Ω 2) 72 Ω 3) 288 Ω 4) 388 Ω
n ( n + 1) n +1 n +1 2 n 27. A piece of wire of resistance 4Ω is bent
1) 2) 3) 4) n + 1 through 1800 at its midpoint and the two
2 2 2n
18. An Aluminium (α = 4 x 10-3K-1) resistance R 1 halves are twisted together. Then the resis-
and a carbon (α = -0.5 x 10 K ) resistance
-3 -1 tance is
R2 are connected in series to have a resultant 1) 8 Ω 2) 1 Ω 3) 2 Ω 4) 5 Ω
resistance of 36 Ω at all temperatures. The 28. If three wires of equal resistance are given
values of R1 and R2 in Ω respectively are : then number of combinations they cany be
1) 32, 4 2) 16, 20 3) 4, 32 4) 20, 16 made to give different resistance is
19. The temperature coefficient of a wire is 1) 4 2) 3 3) 5 4) 2
–1
0.00125°C . At 300 K its resistance is one ohm. 29. The effective resistance between A and B in
The resistance of the wire will be 2 Ω at the given circuit is
1) 1154 K 2) 1100 K 3) 1400 K 4) 1127 K A
2Ω 2Ω 2Ω
20. The electrical resistance of a mercury column 3Ω 3Ω 2Ω
in a cylindrical container is ‘R’. The mercury
is poured into another cylindrical container with B
2Ω 2Ω 2Ω
half the radius of cross-section. The resistance 1) 20 Ω 2) 7 Ω 3) 3 Ω 4) 6 Ω
of the mercury column is
1) R 2) 2R 3) 16R 4) 5R 30. How many cells each marked ( 6V − 12 A )
21. Four conductors of same resistance connected should be connected in mixed grouping so that
to form a square. If the resistance between
diagonally opposite corners is 8 ohm, the it may be marked ( 24V − 24 A)
resistance between any two adjacent corners 1) 4 2) 8 3) 12 4) 6
is 31. The effective resistance in series combina-
1) 32 ohm 2) 8 ohm 3) 1/6 ohm 4) 6 ohm tion of two equal resistance is ‘s’. When they
22. The resistivity of a material is S ohm meter. are joined in parallel the total resistance is p.
The resistance between opposite faces of a If s = np then the minimum possible value of
solid cube of edge 10 cm is ( in ohm) ‘n’ is
1) S/2 2) S/10 3) 100S 4) 10S 1) 4 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3
136
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
ELECTRIC POWER & JOULES LEW 42. A resistance coil of 60 Ω is immersed in 42kg
32. A 25 watt, 220 volt bulb and a 100 watt, of water. A current of 7A is passed through it.
220 volt bulb are connected in series across The rise in temperature of water per minute
440 volt line is
1) only 100 watt bulb will fuse 1) 4 0 C 2) 80 C 3) 1.3C
0 4) 120 C
2) only 25 watt bulb will fuse 43. What is the required resistance of the heater
3) none of the bulb will fuse coil of an immersion heater that will increase
4) both bulbs will fuse the temperature of 1.50 kg of water from
33. There are 5 tube-lights each of 40W in a
100 C to 500 C in 10 minutes while operating
house. These are used on an average for 5
hours per day. In addition, there is an at 240V ?
immersion heater of 1500W used on an 1) 25Ω 2) 12.5Ω 3) 250Ω 4) 137.2Ω
average for 1 hour per day. The number of 44. A 50 C rise in the temperature is observed in
units of electricity are consumed ina month is a conductor by passing some current. When
1) 25 units 2) 50 units 3) 75 units 4) 100 units the current is doubled, then rise in tem
34. Three equal resistors connected in series perature will be equal to
across a source emf together dissipate 10 1) 50 C 2) 100 C 3) 200 C 4) 400 C
watt. If the same resistors are connected in CELLS AND COMBINATION OF CELLS
parallel across the same emf the power
45. In the following diagram, the pd across 6V
dissipate will be
cell is
1) 10 watt 2) 30 watt 3) 10/3 watt 4) 90 watt
12V 3Ω
35. Time taken by a 836 W heater to heat one
litre of water from 100 Cto 400 C is
1) 50 s 2) 100 s 3) 150 s 4) 200 s
36. A lamp of 600W-240V is connected to 220V 6V 2Ω

mains. Its resistance is

1) 96 Ω 2) 84 Ω 3) 90 Ω 4) 64 Ω 1) 6V 2) 5.6V 3) 8.2V 4) 8.4V
46. While connecting 6 cells in a battery in series,
37. A 200W - 200V lamp is connected to 250V
in a tape recorder, by mistake one cell is
mains. It power consumption is
connected with reverse polarity. If the
1) 300 W 2) 312.5W 3) 292 W 4) 250 W effective resistance of load is 24 ohm and
38. If the current in a heater increases by 10% , internal resistance of each cell is one ohm
the percentage change in the power consump- and emf 1.5V, the current devlivered by the
tion battery is
1) 19% 2) 21% 3) 25% 4) 17% 1) 0.1A 2) 0.2A 3) 0.3A 4) 0.4A
39. The power of a heating coil is P. It is cut into 47. A 10m long wire of resistance 15 ohm is
two equal parts. The power of one of them connected in series with a battery of emf 2V
across same mains is (no internal resistance) and a resistance of 5
1) 2P 2) 3P 3) P/2 4) 4P ohm. The potential gradient along the wire is
40. In a house there are four bulbs each of 50W 1) 0.15 Vm-1 2) 0.45V m-1
and 5 fans each of 60W. If they are used at 3) 1.5Vm -1
4)4.5Vm-1
the rate of 6 hours a day, the electrical en- 48. When a resistance of 2 ohm is placed across
ergy consumed in a month of 30 days is a battery the current is 1A and when the
1) 64 KWH 2)90.8KWH 3)72 KWH 4) 42 KWH resistance across the terminals is 17 ohm, the
41. An electric kettle has two coils. When one coil current is 0.25A. the emf of the battery is
is switched on it takes 15 minutes and the other 1) 4.5 V 2) 5 V 3) 3 V 4) 6 V
takes 30 minutes to boil certain mass of wa- 49. A battery has six cells in series. Each has an
ter. The ratio of times taken by them, when emf 1.5V and internal resistance 1 ohm. If
connected in series and in parallel to boil the an external load of 24 Ω is connected to it.
same mass of water is The potential drop across the load is
1) 9 :2 2) 2:9 3) 4:5 4) 5:4 1) 7.2V 2) 0.3V 3) 6.8V 4) 0.4V
137
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II
50. 12 cells of each emf 2V are connected in series 57. The value of E of the given circuit is
among them, if 3 cells are connected JEE MAINS - VOL - VII
wrongly. Then the effective emf. of the E
5Ω
combination is 1A
1A
1) 18 V 2) 12 V 3) 24 V 4) 6 V 1) 10 V 2) 12 V 4Ω
51. When a battery connected across a resistor 10V

of 16Ω , the voltage across the resistor is 3) 14 V 4) 18 V B C

6Ω 5V
12V.When the same battery is connected 58. In the circuit shown in the figure, the value
of Resistance X, when potential difference
across a resistor of 10Ω , voltage between the poins B and D is zero will be
across it is 11V. The internal resistance of B X
21Ω
the battery in ohms is 8Ω
A 3Ω C
1) 10/7 2) 20/7 3) 25/7 4) 30/7
1) 9 Ω 2) 8 Ω 6Ω
KIRCHOFF’S LAWS, WHEATSTONE 18Ω
D

BRIDGE 3) 6 Ω 4) 4 Ω
52. Six resistors of each 2 ohm are connected as METRE BRIDGE
shown in the figure. The resultant resistance 59. When an unknown resistance and a resistance
between A and B is. of 4 Ω are connected in the left and right gaps
of a Meterbridge, the balance point is
obtained at 50cm. The shift in the balance
1) 4 Ω 2) 2 Ω point if a 4 Ω resistance is now connected in
parallel to the resistance in the right gap is
3) 1 Ω 4) 10 Ω A B 1) 66.7cm 2)16.7 cm 3) 34.6 cm 4) 14.6 cm
53. In the given circuit current through the 60. In a meter bridge, the gaps are closed by
galvanometer is resistances 2 and 3 ohms. The value of shunt
C to be added to 3 ohm resistor to shift the
6Ω 3Ω balancing point by 22.5 cm is
1) Zero 1) 1 Ω 2) 2 Ω 3) 2.5 Ω 4) 5 Ω
3A A 61. Two equal resistance are connected in the
G
2) Flows from C to D B
gaps of a metre bridge. If the resistance in
3Ω 6Ω the left gap is increased by 10%, the balanc-
3) Flows from D to C ing point shift
D 1) 10 % to right 2) 10% to left
4) In sufficient information
54. The potential difference between A & B in 3) 9.6% to right 4) 4.8% to right
the given branch of a circuit is POTENTIO METER
1Ω 2Ω 3Ω
62. A potentiometer having a wire of 4m length
is connected to the terminals of a battery with
A 9V 3V B a steady voltage. A leclanche cell has a null
2A point at 1m. If the length of the potentiometer
1) 6V 2) 12V 3) 9V 4) 0V wire is increased by 1m, The position of the
55. The resistance between A and B is null point is
4Ω 2Ω 1) 1.5m 2) 1.25m 3) 10.05m 4) 1.31m
A 63. The emf of a battery A is balanced by a length
2Ω 8Ω 2Ω
2Ω of 80cm on a potentio meter wire. The emf of
4Ω B a standard cell 1v is balanced by 50cm. The
1) 8 Ω 2) 4 Ω 3) 3.75 Ω 4) 2 Ω emf of A is
1) 2 V 2) 1.4 V 3) 1.5 V 4) 1.6 V
56. The resistance between A and B is 64. When 6 identical cells of no internal resis-
C
tance are connected in series in the second-
1Ω 3Ω
ary circuit of a potentio meter, the balancing
288 A length is ‘l ’, balancing length becomes l /3
Ω 2) 12 Ω
5Ω
1) B
when some cells are connected wrongly, the
56 2Ω 6Ω
8 9 number of cells conected wrongly are
3) Ω 4) Ω D 1) 1 2) 3 3) 2 4) 4
3 4
138
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
65. In a potentiometer experiment, the balancing 10
length with a cell is 560cm. When an external R1 = 10Ω , R2 = 10 ; RP = =5
2
resistance of 10ohms is connected in parallel 11. Solving for effective resistence by series and
to the cell the balancing length changs by parallel combination
60cm. The internal resistance of the cell in ohm 12. combination of resistors
is 13. combination of resistors
1) 3.6 2) 2.4 3) 1.2 4) 0.6 14. combination of resistors
66. The resistivity of a potentio meter wire is, if 15. R = 52 × 103 ± 10%
the area of cross section of the wire is 4cm2 .
The current flowing in the circuit is 1A, the 16. R ∝ l 2
poetntial gradient is 7.5 v/m 17. R = R1 + R2 + ...R n
1) 3 × 10–3 Ω - m 2) 2 × 10–6 Ω - m ? ( nl ) l l l
3) 4 × 10–6 Ω - m 4) 5 × 10–4 Ω - m =1 + 2 +.....+n
67. A potentiometer wire of 10m legnth and 20 A A A A
Ohm resistance is connected in series with a ρn =1 +2 + 3 + ......... + n
resistance R ohms and a battery of emf 2V, n( n + 1) n + 1 S
negligible internal resistance, Potential gra- ρn = =
2 2
dient on the wire is 0.16 millivolt / centimetre 18. R1 α 1 = R2 α 2 and R1 +R2 = 36 ohm.
then R is ...ohms
R2 − R1
19. α = R t − R t
1) 50 Ω 2) 60 Ω 3) 230 Ω 4) 46 Ω
LEVEL -I (C. W ) KEY 1 2 2 1

ρl
1) 2 2) 3 3) 3 4) 4 5) 3 6) 1 20. R = , V = Al.
7) 4 8) 4 9)3 10) 2 11) 1 12) 2 A
13) 4 14) 2 15) 3 16) 4 17) 2 18) 3 21. Combination of resistors
19) 4 20) 3 21) 4 22) 4 23) 3 24) 2 ρl
25) 4 26) 3 27) 2 28) 1 29) 4 30) 1 22. R =
A
31) 1 32) 2 33) 3 34) 4 35) 3 36) 1
l
37) 2 38) 2 39) 1 40) 2 41) 1 42) 3 23. Rα . Check the options
2
43) 4 44) 3 45) 4 46) 2 47) 1 48) 2 r
49) 1 50) 2 51) 2 52) 3 53) 3 54) 1 ρl
55) 2 56) 3 57) 4 58) 2 59) 2 60) 2 24. R =
A
61) 4 62) 2 63) 4 64) 3 65) 3 66) 1
l2
67) 3 25. R ∝
m
LEVEL - I (C. W ) - HINTS
1
1. i = qf 26. R ∝ 4
r
q = ∫ idt
5
2. R1R2
27. R = R + R
0 1

iρ
E=
1 2
3. 28. 2n-1
A
4. no of combinations x = 2n 29. Combination of resistors
5. combination of resistors requiredcurrent
6. combination of resistors 30. Number of rows =
7. combination of resistors Givencurrent
24A
8. R= 2
R =
=2 =m
eff n 12A
Number of cells in each row
ρl
9. R= , V = Al. requriedpotential
A =
Givenpotential
20
10. R = =5
1

4
139
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II

24  E −V   E −V 
= =4=n 51. r =  V  R1 =  V JEE
1 2
 R2MAINS
. Solve -for
VOL - VII
E and
6  1   2 
∴ Total no of cells = n × m substitute for r
= 2× 4= 8 52. to 56. Use K.V.L.
31. RS = n.RP 57. from K V L
P R
V2 58. =
32. R = ; V = iR Q S
P
x 50 4 l
= ---- (1) ; 2 = (100 − l ) ----- (2)
E
33. P = , 1 K.W.H = 1 unit 59.
y 50
t
V2 P R l − 50 = 16.7
34. P = ⇒ S = P 2 62.5
R P P RS 2 l =
35. W = JQ ⇒ P × t = Jms ∆ T 60. = ⇒ l = 40 cm ; 3r 100 − 62.5
3 100 − l 3+ r
(V ′) 2
36. R= X
=
l
P′ 61.
R 100 − l
V2 l1 L1
P=
37.
R 62. lα L ⇒ l = L
2 2
38. P ∝ i2 63. v = i ρl
V2 ρl 64. E ' = ( n − 2 m) E
39. P= ; R=
R A
no. watts × no. of hours
 l1 − l2 
40. 1 unit = 65. r = R  l 
1000  2 
t1t2 iR RA
41. ts = t1 + t2 ; tp = t + t 66. P.G = ; Resistivity ρ =
1 2
l L
42. JQ = i2 Rt , mS∆t = i Rt
2 67. v = i ρl
43. use Joule’s law
LEVEL - I (H. W)
Q = ms∆T ⇒ butQ = i 2 RT ⇒ ∆Tα i2
∆t i 2 ELECTRIC CURRENT & DRIFT
44.
1
= ⇒ ∆t = 20 C
1 o

VELOCITY
∆t i
2 2

2 2
1. The current passing through a conductor is 5
45. V = E + ir ampere. The charge that passes through that
i=
( n − 2m ) E conductor in 5 minute is
46. ( R + nr ) 1) 1200C 2) 300 C 3) 1000C 4)1500C
2. In a hydrogen atom, an electron is revolving
E R
Potential gradient = r + R + R × L
with an angular frequency 6.28 rad/s around
47. the nucleus. Then the equivalent electric
S P

2 15 current is ..... ×10−19 A

= × = 0.15 1) 0.16 2) 1.6 3) 0.016 4) 16
0 + 15 + 5 10
3. A current of 1.6 A is flowing in a conductor.
E
48. i= The number of electrons flowing per second
R+ r through the conductor is
 nE  1) 109 2) 1019 3) 1016 4) 1031
49. V = R
 R + nr  4. If an electron revolves in the circular path of
radius 0.5A0 at a frequency of 5 x 1015 cycles/
50. Eeq = ( N − 2m ) E sec. The equivalent electric current is
1) 0.4 mA 2) 0.8 mA 3) 1.2 mA 4) 1.6 mA
140
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
5. A current flows in a wire of circular cross 13. The resistance of a wire is 10 ohm. The
section with the free electrons travelling with resistance of a wire whose length is twice and
ur the radius is half, if it is made of same material
drift velocity V . If an equal current flows in a
wire of twice the radius, new drift velocity is is
1) 20 Ω 2) 5 Ω 3) 80 Ω 4) 40 Ω
ur ur 14. The resultant resistance of two resistors
ur V V ur when connected in series is 48 ohm. The ratio
1) V 2) 3) 4) 2V
2 4 of their resistances is 3 : 1. The value of each
OHM’S LAW AND COMBINATION OF resistance is
1) 20 Ω , 28 Ω 2) 32 Ω , 16 Ω
RESISTANCES
6. Three resistances each of 3 Ω are connected 3) 36 Ω , 12 Ω 4) 24 Ω , 24 Ω
as shown in fig. The resultant resistance 15. The resistance of a bulb filament is 100Ω
between A and F is a t a temperature of 1000 C . If its
temperature coefficient of resistance be
B C D E 0.005 per 0 C , its resistance will become
A F
200Ω at temperature of
1) 3000 C 2) 4000 C 3) 5000 C 4) 2000 C
1) 9 Ω 2) 2 Ω 3) 4 Ω 4) 1 Ω
7. Two wires made of same material have 16. The current 'i' in the circuit given aside is
I B
lengths in the ratio 1 : 2 and their volumes in
the same ratio. The ratio of their resistances +
30Ω
is 1) 0.1 A 2) 0.2A 2V – 30Ω

1) 4 : 1 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 2 4) 1 : 4 30Ω
3) 1.0A 4) 2.0 A
8. Two wires made of same material have their A C

electrical resistances in the ratio 1 : 4. If 17. The combined resistance of two conductors
their lengths are in the ratio 1 : 2, the ratio in series is 1Ω . If the conductance of one
of their masses is conductor is 1.1 siemen, the conductance of
1) 1: 1 2) 1 : 8 3) 8 : 1 4) 2 : 1 the other conductor in siemen is
9. There are five equal resistors. 1) 10 2) 11 3) 1 4) 1.1
The minimum resistance possible by their 18. Four conductors of resistnace 16Ω each are
combination is 2 ohm. The maximum possible connected to form a square. The equivalent
resistance we can make with them is resistance across two adjacent corners is (in ohm)
1) 25 ohm 2) 50 ohm 3) 100 ohm 4) 150 ohm 1) 6 2) 18 3) 12 4) 16
10. An electric current is passed through a circuit 19. When two resistances are connected in
containing two wires of the same material, parallel then the equivalent resistance is 6/5Ω.
connected in parallel. If the lengths and radii When one of the resistance is removed
of the wires are in the ratio 4/3 and 2/3, then then the effective resistance is 2Ω . The
the ratio of the currents passing through the resistance of the wire removed will be
wires will be 3 6
1) 3 2) 1/3 3) 8/9 4) 2 1) 3 ohm 2) 2 ohm 3) ohm 4) ohm
5 5
11. A current of 1 A is passed through two 20. A material ‘B’ has twice the specific resis-
resistances 1 Ω and 2 Ω connected in parallel. tance of ‘A’. A circular wire made of ‘B’ has
The current flowing through 2 Ω resistor will twice the diameter of a wire made of ‘A’.
be Then for the two wires to have the same
1) 1/3 A 2) 1 A 3) 2/3 A 4) 3 A resistace, the ratio l B /l A of their respective
12. The colour coded resistance of corbon lengths must
resistance is (Initial three bands are red and 1) 1 2) 1/2 3) 1/4 4) 2/1
fourth band is silver) 21. If a wire of resistance ‘R’ is melted and
1) 222.Ω ± 10% 2) 2200 Ω ± 10% recasted in to half of its length, then the new
3) 333 Ω ± 5% 4) 33000 Ω ± 10% resistance of the wire will be
1) R/4 2) R/2 3) R 4) 2R
141
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II

22. When a wire is drawn until its radius decreases 31. The effective resistance between A and B is
by 3%. Then percentage of increase in resis- JEE MAINS - VOL - VII
tance is 3Ω then the value of R is A
4Ω
1) 10% 2) 9% 3) 6% 4) 12% B
23. When three wires of unequal resistances are 4Ω 4Ω
given the number of combinations they can 1) 2 Ω 2) 4 Ω
be made to give different resistances is
1) 6 2) 4 3) 2 4) 8 3) 6 Ω 4) 8 Ω R

24. The resistance of a coi is 4.2Ω at 1000 C and 32. The effective resistance between A and B in
the temperature coefficient of resistance of the given circuit is
its material is 0.004/0 C. Its resistance at 00 C 3Ω 6Ω
is 3Ω 6Ω
1) 6.5 Ω 2) 5 Ω 3) 3 Ω 4) 2.5 Ω 1) 2 Ω 2) 4 Ω
A 3Ω 6Ω B
25. You are given several identical resistors each 3) 3 Ω 4) 6 Ω
of value 10Ω and each capable of carrying a ELECTRIC POWER & JOULES LAW
maximum current of 1A. It is required to make 33. An electric bulb is rated 220 volt and 100 watt.
a suitable combination of these to resistances Power consumed by it when operated on 110
to produce a resistance of 5Ω which can carry volt is
a current of 4A. The minimum number of re- 1) 50 watt 2) 75 watt 3) 90 watt 4)25 watt
sistors required for this job is 34. A heater coil is cut in to two parts of equal
1) 4 2) 8 3) 10 4) 20 length and only one of them is used in the
26. A wire of resistance 50Ω is cut into six equal heater. The ratio of the heat produced by this
parts and they ae bundled together side by half-coil to that by the original coil is
side to form a thicker wire. The resistance of 1) 2 : 1 2) 1 : 2 3) 1 : 4 4) 4 : 1
the bundle is 35. If the electric current in a lamp decreases by
18 9 25 25 5% then the power output decreases by
1) Ω 2) Ω 3) Ω 4) Ω 1) 20% 2) 10% 3) 5% 4) 2.5%
25 12.5 9 18
36. Two electric bulbs whose resistances are in
27. Three conductors of resistance 12Ω each are
the ratio of 1 : 2 are connected in parallel to
connected to form an equilateral triangle. The
a constant voltage source. The powers
resistance between any two vertices is
dissipated in them have the ratio
1) 4 Ω 2) 2 Ω 3) 6 Ω 4) 8 Ω
1) 1 : 2 2) 1 : 1 3) 2 : 1 4) 1 : 4
28. When three equal resistance are connected
37. A bulb rated 60 W -120V is connected to 80V
in parallel, the effective resistance is 1 / 3Ω . mains. What is the current through the bulb
If all are connected in series, the effective
resistance is 1 2 5 3
1) A 2) A 3) A 4) A
1) 9 Ω 2) 3 Ω 3) 6 Ω 4) 12 Ω 3 3 3 5
29. A technician has only two resistance coils. By 38. An electric bulb has the following specifica-
using them in series or in paralle he is able to tions 100 watt, 220 volt. The resistance of
obtain the resistance 3,4,12 and 16 ohms. The bulb
resistance of two coils are 1) 384 Ω 2) 484 Ω 3) 344 Ω 4) 584 Ω
1) 6, 10 2) 4, 12 3) 7, 9 4) 4, 16 39. A 200W and 100W bulbs, both meant for op-
30. The effective resistance between A&B in the eration at 220V, are connected in series to
given circuit is 220V. The power consumption by the combi-
2Ω 2Ω 2Ω nation is
A 1) 46 W 2) 66 W 3) 56 W 4) 75 W
40. Five bulbs, each rated at 40 W-220 V are used
3Ω 2Ω for 5 hours daily on 20V line. How may units
B of electric energy is consumed in a month of
2Ω 2Ω 2Ω 30 days?
1) 7 Ω 2) 2 Ω 3) 6 Ω 4) 5 Ω 1) 20 units 2) 25 units 3) 15 units 4) 30 units
142
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
41. An electric Kettle has two heating coils. When 50. If the external resistance is equal to internal
one of them is switched on water in it boils in 6 resistance of a cell of emf E. The current
minutes and when other is switched on water across the circuit is
boils in 4 minutes. In what time will the water
E r r E
boil if both coil are switched on simultaneously 1) 2) 3) 4)
1) 1.6 min 2) 2.8 min 3) 2.4 min 4) 3 min r E 2E 2r
42. A 10 V storage battery of negligible internal 51. Two cells each of emf 10V and each 1Ω inter--
resistance is connected across a 50 Ω resistor.. nal resistance are used to send a current
How much heat energy is produced in the through a wire of 2Ω resistance. The cells
resistor in 1 hour are arranged in parallel. Then the current
1) 7200J 2) 6200J 3) 5200J 4) 4200J through the circuit
CELLS AND COMBINATION OF CELLS 1) 2A 2) 4A 3) 3A 4) 5A
43. A cell of emf 6V is being charged by 1A KIRCHOFF’S LAWS, WHEATSTONE
current. If the internal resistance of the cell BRIDGE
is 1 ohm, the potential difference across the 52. The figure below shows current in a part of
terminals of the cell is electric circuit. The current i is
1) 5V 2) 7V 3) 6V 4) 8V 1amp
2amp
44. When two identical cells are connected either
in series or in parallel across 2 ohm resistor 1.3amp
they send the same current through it. The
internal resistance of each cell is 2amp
1) 2 ohm 2) 1.2 ohm 3) 12 ohm 4) 21 ohm
45. The emf of a Daniel cell is 1.08V. When the i
terminals of the cells are connected to a
1) 1.7amp 2) 3.7 amp 3) 1.3 amp 4) 1 amp
resistance of 3 Ω , the potential difference 53. Current in the main circuit shown is
across the terminlas is found to be 0.6V. Then 6Ω 6Ω 6Ω
the internal resistance of the cell is
1) 1.8 Ω 2) 2.4 Ω 3) 3.24 Ω 4) 0.2 Ω 4Ω 4Ω

46. Four cells each of emf 2V and internal

6Ω 6Ω 6Ω
resistance 1 ohm are connected in parallel with
an external resistance of 6 ohm. The current 10V, 1Ω
in the external resistance is 1) 1.5 A 2) 2 A 3) 0.6 A 4) 1 A
1) 0.32 A 2) 0.16 A 3) 0.2 A 4) 0.6 A
47. A student is asked to connected four cells of 54.. Find ‘i’ for the given loop.
emf of 1 V and internal resistance 0.5 ohm in A
series with an external resistance of
1 ohm. But one cell is wrongly connected by 6 8
5V 3Ω

him with its terminal reversed, the current 1) A 2) A i

6V
in the circuit is 5 9 5Ω
1
1 2 3 4 3) A 4) 1A 1Ω C

1) A 2) A 3) A 4) A 2 B 3V

3 3 4 3 55. The potential difference between points A

48. Two cells of emf 1.25V, 0.75V and each of and B is
internal resistance 1Ω are connected in 2V 2Ω 5V 1Ω
parallel. The effective emf will be A B
1) 1 V 2) 1.25 V 3) 2 V 4) 0.5 V 1A
49. The emf of a cell is 2V. When the terminals 1) 0 V 2) 10 V 3) 4 V 4) 5 V
of the cell is connected to a resistance 4Ω . 56. In wheat stone bridge, P and Q are approxi-
The potential difference across the terminals, mately equal. When R is 500Ω , the bridge is
if internal resistance of cell is 1Ω is balanced. On interchanging P and Q, the val-
3 8 6 5 ues of R is 505Ω for balanching . The value
1) V 2) V 3) V 4) V of ‘S’ is
5 5 5 8
1) 500.5 Ω 2) 501.5 Ω 3) 502.5 Ω 4) 503.5 Ω

143
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II
57. To balance the bridge in the circuit, the val- 65. When 6 identical cells of no internal resistance
ues of R is 5Ω
R JEE
are connected in series MAINS
in the second-arycircuit
VOL - VII
12Ω
G
of a poetntio meter, the balancing length is l.
1) 8 Ω 2) 4 Ω If two of them are wrongly connected the bal-
15Ω 60Ω ancing length becomes
3) 20 Ω 4) 12 Ω
METRE BRIDGE l l 2l
1) 2) 3) l 4)
58. The point in a Metre bridge is at 35.6 cm. If the 4 3 3
resistances in the gaps are interchanged,the new
66. In an experiment to determine the internal
balance point is
1) 64.4 cm 2) 56 cm 3) 41.2 cm 4) 56.7 cm resistance of a cell with potentiometer, the
59. In a metre bridge expt, when the resistances balancing length is 165cm. When a reistance
in the gaps are interchanged the balance point of 5 ohm is joined in parallel with the cell the
is increases by 10cm. The ratio of the resis- balancing length is 150cm. The internal re-
tances is
sistance of cell is
15 12 11 10
1) 2) 3) 4) 1) 2.2 Ω 2) 1.1 Ω 3) 3.3 Ω 4) 0.5 Ω
5 8 9 9
60. When an unknown resistance and a resistance 67. The resistivity of a potentio meter wire is 40
6Ω are connected in the left and right gaps x 10-8 Ω − m and its area of cross section is 8
of a meter bridge, the balance point is ob- x 10-6 m2 . If 0.2A current is flowing through
tained at 50cm. If 3Ω resistance is connected the wire, the potential gradient will be
in parallel to resistance in right gap, the bal- 1) 10–2 V/m 2) 10–1 V/m
ance point is –2
1) decrease by 25 cm 2) increase by 25 cm 3) 3.2 × 10 V/m 4) 1 V/m
3) decrease by 16.7 cm 4) increase by 16.7 cm 68. The emf of a cell is Ev, and its its internal
61. When un known resistance and a resistance resistance is 1Ω . A resistance of 4Ω is joined
of 5Ω are used in left and right gaps of meter to battery in parallel. This is connected in sec-
bridge the balance point is 50cm. The ondary circuit of poetntio meter. The balanc-
balanceing point if 5Ω resistance is now con-
ing length is 160cm. If 1V cell balances for
nected in seriece to the resistor in right gap
1) 20 cm 2) 33.3 cm 3) 60 cm 4) 60 cm 100cm of potentio meter wire, the emf of cell
62. In a meter bridge experiement two unkonwn E is
resistances X and y are connected to left and 1) 1 V 2) 3 V 3) 2 V 4) 4 V
right gaps of a meter bridge and the balanc-
ing point is obtained at 20cm from right (X>Y) LEVEL -I ( H. W ) KEY
the new position of the null point from left if 1) 4 2) 2 3) 2 4) 2 5) 3 6) 4
one decides balance a resistance of 4X against
Y. 7) 4 8) 1 9) 2 10) 2 11) 1 12) 2
1) 114 cm 2) 80 cm 3) 53.3 cm 4) 70 cm 13) 3 14) 3 15) 2 16) 1 17) 2 18) 3
POTENTIO METER 19) 1 20) 4 21) 1 22) 4 23) 4 24) 3
63. In a potentiometer the balance length with 25) 2 26) 4 27) 4 28) 2 29) 2 30) 3
standard cadmium cell is 509 cm. The emf of 31) 3 32) 3 33) 4 34) 1 35) 2 36) 3
a cell which when connected in the place of
the standard cell gave a balance length of 750 37) 1 38) 2 39) 2 40) 4 41) 3 42) 1
cm is (emf of standard cell is 1.018V) 43) 2 44) 1 45)2 46) 1 47) 2 48) 1
1) 1.5V 2) 0.5V 3) 1.08V 4) 1.2V 49) 2 50) 4 51) 2 52) 1 53) 4 54) 2
64. Two cells of emf’s E1 and E2 when placed in 55) 1 56) 3 57) 1 58) 1 59) 3 60) 2
series produce null deflection at a distance of
204 cm in a potentio meter. When one cell is 61) 2 62) 3 63) 1 64) 1 65) 2 66) 4
reversed they produce null deflection at 36 67) 1 68) 3
cm if E1 1.4v then E2 =
1) 0.98 V 2) 2.47 V 3) 0.098 V 4) 98.8 V
144
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY

LEVEL - I ( H. W ) - HINTS RR 6
19. R + R = 5 . If R is removed R = 2Ω
1 2

2 1
q
i=
1 2

1.
t 2R 6
= ⇒ 5 R = 6 + 3R ⇒ R = 3Ω
2

2. i = qf 2+ R 5
2 2 2

ne it
3. i= ⇒n= ρl RA r2
t e 20. R = ⇒l= ⇒l∝
A ρ ρ
4. i =q f
21. R ∝ l 2
1
5. Vd ∝ 2 1
r 22. R ∝ 4
r
6. The 3 resistances are parallel
23. 2n
7. R ∝ l2 Q V constant
24. Rt = R0 (1 + α t )
l2
8. R∝
m R
25. RP = ; i p = mi
n
R R
9. =2 Rmax = 5R Rmin = . ⇒ m × n = ...............
5 5
R
i1 r12 l2 26. R ' = 2
10. = × n
i2 r22 l1
2R
27. R′ =
iR1 3
11. i2 = R + R
1 2 R
28. RP = and RS = nR
12. R = 22 ×10 2 ±10% n

R1 l1 r22 RS + Rs2 − 4Rs Rp

13. = × 29. R1 =
R2 l2 r1 2 2
R1 R2
14. RS = R1 + R2 , RP = R + R Rs − Rs2 − 4Rs Rp
1 2 R2 =
2
Solving for R1 & R2
30. Using combination of resistors
R2 − R1 31. Using combination of resistors
15. α = R t − R t
1 2 2 1 32. Using combination of resistors
16. use ohm’s law V2
17. R1 + R2 = 1 ohm. 33. P =
R
1 10
R 1 = 1.1 => R1 = 11 V2 Q R
34. W = JQ ⇒ Q = ⇒ 1= 2
RJ Q 2 R1
1 1
R2 = 1 - R1 ∴ R = 1 − R ∆P ∆I
35. P = i 2 R ⇒ Pα i 2 ⇒ × 100 = 2 × × 100
2 1

P I

145
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II

52. K.C.L
V2 JEE MAINS - VOL - VII
36. P = 53. K.C.L
R 54. K.C.L
V '2 V 55. K.C.L
37. R = and i =
P' R P R
56. =
Q S
V2
38. R =
P P R
57. =
Q S
PP
39. P = P + P
1 2

P 35.6 Q 64.4
= , =
1 2
58.
Q 64.4 R 35.6
. watts × noof
noof . hours
40.
1000 X l
59. =
tt1 2 R 100 − l
41. t s = t 1 + t 2 ; tp =
t1 +t2 X l
60. =
2
R 100 − l
V
42. Q = t ⇒ Q = 7200J
X l
R =
61.
43. V = E + ir R 100 − l

nE E
= x l
44. iS = i P ; ( R + nr )  R + r  62. =
y 100 − l
 n
E1 l1
 E −V  63. E = l 3
45. r =  V R
 
2 2

E1 l1 + l2
E 2×4 8 2 64. =
46. i = = = = E2 l1 − l2
r 6+ 1 25 25
R+
n 4 65. N E α l1 , ( N − 2m) Eα l2
( N − 2 n ) E = ( 4 − 2) × 1 = 2 ×1  l1 − l 2 
47. i =
R + Nr 1 + 4 × 0.5 3 66. r = R  l 
 2 
E1r2 + E2r1
48. Eeff = iρ
r1 + r2 67. P. G =
A
49. V = E − i r
 l1 − l 2 
E 68. r = R  l 
50. i =  2 
R+ r

51. i = E
r
+R
n

146
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LEVEL - II (C. W) OHM’s LAW AND COMBINATION

OF RESISTANCES
6. A current of 3A flows in a circuit shown in the
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND figure. The potential difference between A and
DRIFT VELOCITY B is A
1. In a hydrogen tube it is observed that through 4Ω 6Ω
a given cross - section 3.13 x 1015 electrons 3A
per sec, moving from right to left and 3.12 x
1015 protons per sec are moving from left to 1) 4V 2) 3V
3Ω 2Ω
right. The electric current in the discharge tube
3) 2V 4) 5V
and its direction is B
1) 1 mA towards left 2) 1 mA towards right 7. The resistance of the network between the
3) 1.5 mA towards right 4) 2 mA towards left terminals A and B is
2. An electron of mass m, moves around the 5Ω 5Ω 5Ω
A
nucleus in a circular orbit of radius ‘r’ under
the action of centripetal force ‘F’. The equiva- 20Ω 5Ω
lent electric current is
e F e Fr B
5Ω 10Ω 5Ω
1) 2)
2π mr π m 1) 30Ω 2) 20Ω 3) 50Ω 4) 60Ω
8. In the figure, the value of resistance to be
e Fm e Fm
3) 4) connected between C and D so that the
2π r π r resistance of the entire circuit between A and
3. The current in a conductor varies with time ‘t’ B does not change with the number of
as I = 3t + 4t 2 . Where I in amp and t in sec. elementary sets used is
The electric charge flows through the section R R R R
of the conductor between t = 1s and t=3s A C
R R R R R
100 127 140 150
1) C 2) C 3) C 4) C B D
3 4 3 3 R R R
4. A conductor has a non-uniform section as
shown in the figure. A steady current is flowing ( )
1) R 2) R 3 − 1 3) 3R 4) R 3 + 1 ( )
through it. Then the drift speed of the electrons 9. The effective resistance across the points A
(M-2012) and I is C
2Ω 2Ω

B 2Ω D

Q P
2Ω 2Ω
A I
1) 2Ω 2) 1Ω 2Ω
2Ω

G 2Ω E
1) is constant throughout the wire
2) varies unpredictably 3) 0.5 Ω 4) 5 Ω 2Ω 2Ω
F
3) decreases from P & Q 10. In the circuit shown below, the cell has an emf
4) increases from P to Q of 10V and internal resistance of 1 ohm. the
5. A current of 16 A is made to pass through a other resistances are shown in the figure. The
conductor in which the number of density of potential difference VA − VB is
free electrons is 4 × 1028 m–3 and its area of
E = 10V
cross section is 10–5 m2 . The average drift
r = 1Ω
velocity of free electrons in the conductor is 4Ω A 2Ω
1Ω
(M-2012)
–4 –1 –4 –1
1) 1.6 × 10 ms 2) 2.5 × 10 ms
3) 6.4 × 10–4 ms–1 4) 3.2 × 10–4 ms–1 2Ω B 4Ω

1) 6V 2) 4V 3) 2V 4) -2 V
147
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II

11. A uniform wire of resistance 20 Ω having 17. A 220 V and 800 W electric kettle and three
220V and 100W bulbs JEE MAINS - VOL - in
are connected VII
resistance 1 Ω / m is bent in the form of circle parallel. On connecting this combination with
as shown in fig. If the equivalent resistance 200 V supply, the total current in the circuit
between M and N is 1.8 Ω , then the length of will be
1) 0.15 A 2) 5A 3) 5.5A 4) 4.55A
the shorter section is 18. What is the equivalent resistance of the
2Ω
circuit 4V 1Ω
M N 2Ω
1) 2 m 2) 5 m + – 2Ω
A
3) 1.8 m 4) 18 m
12. If the voltmeter reads 0.2 V and the ammeter 1) 6Ω 2) 7Ω 4Ω
reads 0.101A, the resistance of the voltmeter
is (in ohm) 2Ω 3) 8Ω 4) 9Ω V
A
19. The temperature coefficient of resistance
of platinum is α = 3.92 ×10 −3 K −1 at 200 C .
1) 500 2) 1000
Find the temperature at which the increase
3) 200 4) 400 A in the resistance of platinum wire is 10%
13. In the given circuit Ammeter reading is same of its value at 200 C
when both switches S1 , S 2 are closed or opened. 1) 40.50 C 2) 45.50 C 3) 48.50 C 4) 43.50 C
The value of resistance R is 20. Four identical resistance are joined as shown
100Ω in fig. The equivalent resistance between
A
points A and B is R1 and that between A and
S1 S2
R
50Ω R1
C is R2 . Then ratio of R is
2 2Ω
A B
300Ω 1.5V

1) 200 Ω 2) 100 Ω 3) 400 Ω 4) -300 Ω 2Ω 2Ω

14. In the following diagram ammeter reading is 1) 1: 5 2) 3:4
4A, voltmeter reading is 20V, the value of R
is 3) 2:5 4) 1:2 D 2Ω
C
R
21. If the galvanometer reading is zero in the
A given circuit, the current passing through re-
1) > 5Ω 2) < 5Ω sistance 250 Ω is 500Ω
G
3) = 5Ω 4) ≤ 5Ω V + +
12V 250Ω x 4V
15. Twelve resistances each of resistance R are 1) 0.016 A 2) 0.16 A – –
connected in the circuit as shown in fig. Net
resistance between points A and C would be 3) 0.032A 4) 0.042 A
B 22. The effective resistance between A and B is
R
the given circuit is 3Ω
R G R 3Ω 3Ω
R R 6Ω
5R 7R R R
6Ω 6Ω
1) 2) A F C 1) 3 Ω 2) 2 Ω 3Ω
3 6 R E R 3Ω
R R 3) 4 Ω 4) 6 Ω A 3Ω B
3R R
3) R 4) 23. The equivalent resistance between points A
4 D and B of an infinite network of resistance each
16. A resistance is made by connecting two wires of 1 Ω connected as shown is
(series) of same material of radii 2 mm and 5 A
1Ω 1Ω 1Ω

mm and length 8 cm and 5 cm. A potential 1Ω 1Ω 1Ω

difference of 22V is applied to them. The B
potential difference on the longer wire is
1+ 5 2+ 5 3+ 5 1+ 7
1) 15 V 2) 18 V 3) 16 V 4) 20 V 1) 2) 3) 4)
2 4 2 3
148
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
24. Equivalent resistance across A and B in the 30. An electric heater operating at 220 volts boils
r
given circuit is 5 litre of water in 5 minutes. If it is used on 110
volts, it will boil the same amount of water in
2r 8r r r r r 1) 10 minutes 2) 20 minutes
1) 2) 3) 15 minutes 4) 25 minutes
73r 7
31. Three electric bulbs of 40W, 60W and 100W
3) 4) 6r A r O r B
3 have the tungsten wire of the same diameter.
25. Two resistances of 400 Ω and 800 Ω are con- Then the longer wire is used by
nected in series with 6V battery of negligible 1) 60W 2) 100W 3) 40W
internal resistance. A voltmeter of resistance 4) All use the same length
10,000 Ω is used to measure the p.d. across 32. A fuse wire with radius of 0.2 mm blows
400 Ω . The error in the measurement of p.d. off with a current of 5 Amp. The fuse wire
in volts approximately of same material but of radius 0.3 mm will
1) 0.05 V 2) 0.5 V 3) 0.75 V 4) 5 V blow off with a current of
26. Copper and carbon wires are connected in
3 5 3
series and the combined resistor is kept at 1) 5 × amp 2) amp
0°C. Assuming the combined resistane does 2 2
not vary with temperature, the ratio of the
resistances of carbon and copper wires at 0°C 27
3) 5 amp 4) 5 amp
is (Temperature coefficients of resisti-vity of 8
copper and carbon respectively are 4 × 10–3 / 33. In a large building, there are 15 bulbs of 40
°C and – 0.5 × 10–3 /°C) (M-2013) W, 5 bulbs of 100 W, 5 fans of 80 W and 1
1) 2 2) 4 3) 8 4) 6 heater of 1 kW. The voltage of electric mains
27. Three resistances of equal values are is 220 V. The minimum capacity of the main
arranged in four different configurations as fuse of the building will be: [Mains-2014]
shown below. Power dissipation in the 1) 8 A 2) 10 A 3) 12 A 4) 14 A
increasing order is (E-2012) 34. The supply voltage to room is 120 V. The
R R resistance of the lead wires is 6Ω . A 60 W W
bulb is already switched on. What is the
I decrease of voltage across the bulb, when a
240 W heater is switched on in parallel to the
R R R R
bulb? [Mains-2013]
II 1) zero 2) 2.9 Volt 3) 13.3 Volt 4) 10.04 Volt
R
R R INTERNAL RESISTANCE AND EMF
R 35. In the circuit shown here, cells A and B have
R
I I emf 10 V each and the internal resistance is
R R 5Ω for A and 3Ω for B. For what value of R
III IV will the potential difference across the cell A
1) (III) < (II) < (IV) < (I) 2) (II)<(III)<(IV)<(I) will be zero?
E, 5Ω E, 3Ω
3) (I) < (IV) < (III) < (II) 4) (I)<(III)<(II)<(IV) + +
28. If 400 Ω of resistance is made by adding four A B
100 Ω resistances of tolerance 5%, then the 1) zero 2) 1 ohm
tolerance of the combination is [Mains-2011] 3) 2 ohm 4) 3 ohm R
1) 5% 2) 10% 3) 15% 4) 20% 36. In the circuit of fig. with steady current, the
ELECTRIC POWER potential drop across the capacitor is
29. Two wires A and B with lengths in the ratio V R
of 3 : 1, diameters in the ratio of 1:2 and
resistivities in the ratio of 1:20 are joined in V V C
1) V 2)
parallel with a source of emf. 2V. Ratio of the 2
V 2V
R1 / R2 is: 3) 4)
3 3 2V 2R
1) 5 : 2 2) 2 : 5 3) 5 : 3 4) 3 : 5
149
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37. In the circuit, the galvanometer G shows zero 44. Two conductors have the same resistance at
deflection. If the batteries A and B have JEE MAINS
0°C but their temperature - VOL - of
coefficients VII
negligible internal resistance, the value of the resistance are α 1 and α 2 . The respective
resistor R will be : 1000Ω
temperature coefficients of their series and
G
parallel combinations are nearly [AIE-2010]
12V B R A 2V
1) 100Ω 2) 200Ω α + α2 α + α2
1) 1 ,α1 + α 2 2) α1 + α 2 , 1
3) 500Ω 4) 1000Ω 2 2
38. Twenty four cells each of emf 1.5V and α1α 2 α +α 2 α 1 + α 2
internal resistance 0.5 ohms are to be 3) α1 + α 2 , α + α 4) 1 ,
1 2 2 2
connected to a 3 ohm resistance. For
maximum current through this resistance the
KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND WHEAT
number of rows and number of columns that SHONE’S BRIDGE
you connect these cells is. 45. The electric current i in the circuit shown is
1) 12 cells in series 2 rows in parallel (E-2011) 3A 2A
2) 8 cells in series 3 rows in parallel A
3) 4 cells in series 6 rows in parallel 2A
B 1A
4) 6 cells in series 4 rows in parallel 1) 6 A 2) 2 A C
39. A battery of four cells in series each having 3) 3 A 4) 4 A i
an emf of 1.5V and internal resistance 1Ω
46. In the circuit shown in the figure, the current
are connected in series with an ammeter, a
‘I’ is (EAM-2013) C
coil of resistance 2 Ω and a filament lamp. If 10V
the ammeter reads 0.5A, the resistance of A P 2Ω
24V B
the filment lamp is 1) 6 A 2) 2 A 3Ω
1
1) 4 Ω 2) 6 Ω 3) 2 Ω 4) 12 Ω 1Ω D
40. A 5V battery with internal resistance 2 Ω and 3) 4 A 4) 7 A 9V
47. Four resistors A, B, C and D form a
a 2V battery with internal resistance 1Ω are
wheatstone’s bridge. The bridge is balanced
connected in parallel with unlike polarities
when C = 100 Ω . If A and B are inter changed,
connected together .This combination is
the bridge balances for C = 121 Ω . The vlaue
connected to 10Ω resistor The current in the
of D is (E-2012)
10Ω resistor is 1) 10 Ω 2) 100 Ω 3) 110 Ω 4) 120 Ω
1) 0.27 A 2) 0.05 A 3) 0.25 A 4) 0.3 A 48. In the circuit shown below, the ammeter
41. A voltmeter resistance 500 Ω is used to reading is zero. Then the value of the
measure the emf of a cell of internal resistance R is ( E-2011)
12V
resistance 4 Ω . The percentage error in + – – +
the reading of the voltmeter will be 1) 50 Ω 2) 100Ω
500Ω R
1) 0.4% 2) 0.6% 3) 0.8% 4) 1.2% 3) 200Ω 4) 400Ω
42. When two identical cells are connected ei-
ther in series or in parallel across a 4 ohm
resistor, they send the same current through METRE BRIDGE
it. The internal resistance of the cell in ohm 49. Two unknown resistrance X and Y are
is connected to left and right gaps of a meter
1) 4 Ω 2) 2 Ω 3) 1 Ω 4) 7 Ω bridge and the balancing point is obtained at
43. Two cells with same e.m.f. ‘E’ and different 80 cm from left. When a 10Ω resistance is
internal resistances r1 and r2 are connected connected in parallel to ‘x’, the balance point
in series to an external resistance ‘R’. The
is 50 cm from left. The values of X and Y
value of R so that the p.d. across the first cell
respectively are
be zero is
1) 40 Ω, 9Ω 2) 30 Ω, 7.5Ω
r −r
1) r2 − r1 2) r1 − r2 3) r1 + r2 4) 1 2 3) 20 Ω, 6Ω 4) 10 Ω , 3Ω
2
150
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
50. In the meter bridge experiment, the length AB are 4 × 10–7 m2 , respectively. The potential
of the wire is 1 m. The resistors X and Y have gradient will be equal to [Mains-2011]
values 5 Ω and 2 Ω respectively. When a 1)1 V/m 2)0.5 V/m 3)0.1 V/m 4)0.2 V/m
shunt resistance S is connected to X, the
balancing point is found to be 0.625 m from LEVEL - II ( C. W ) KEY
A. Then, the resistance of the shunt is 1) 2 2) 1 3) 3 4) 3 5) 2 6) 3
(Eam-2013) S 7) 2 8) 2 9) 2 10) 4 11) 1 12) 3
Y 13) 4 14) 1 15) 4 16) 4 17) 4 18) 3
X 19) 2 20) 2 21) 1 22) 2 23) 1 24) 2
1) 5 Ω 2) 10Ω A
G A
B
25) 1 26) 3 27) 1 28) 1 29) 3 30) 2
J 31) 3 32) 3 33) 3 34) 4 35) 3 36) 3
3) 7.5 Ω 4) 12.5Ω 37) 2 38) 1 39) 2 40) 3 41) 3 42) 1
POTENTIO METER 43) 2 44) 4 45) 4 46) 3 47) 3 48) 2
51. The potential gradient along the length of a 49) 2 50) 2 51) 1 52) 2 53) 1 54) 2
uniform wire is 10 volt/m B and C are two 55) 3
points at 30 cm and 60 cm in a scale fitted LEVEL - II (C. W ) - HINTS
along the wire. The pd between B and C is
1) 3V 2) 0.4V 3) 7V 4) 4V
1. i=
(n e + np ) e
2. i=
q
=
ev
52. In the determination of the internal resis- t t 2π r
tance of a cell using a potentiometer, when t2
the cell is shunted by a resistance “R” and
3. q = ∫ I . dt 4. vd ∝
1
connected in the secondary circuit, the
t1 A
balance length is found to be L1 . On doubling
the shunt resistance, the balance length is i
5. vd = 6. V = iR
found to increase to L2 . The value of the neA
internal resistance is 7. End resistors are not considered
2 R( L2 − L1 ) 2 R( L2 − L1 ) 8. Resitance between AB is independent of number
1) ( L1 − 2 L2 ) 2) (2 L1 − L2 ) of sets used. Let x be the R eff between AB
R ( L2 − L1 ) R ( L2 − L1 ) R
A C
3) ( L1 − 2 L2 ) 4) ( 2 L1 − L 2 )
R R r
53. Figure shows a potentiometer circuit for B D
comparision of two resistances. The R
balance point with a standard resistor  Rr 
A = R P 2 R + → (1)
R = 10.0 Ω is found to be 58.3 cm, while
 R + r 
that with the unknown resistance X is 68.5 A C A
R
cm. The value of X is r x R x

B D B
R
A B x = R P [2R + x] → ( 2 ) Solve for r
1) 11.75Ω 2) 12.55Ω R
9. The equivalent circuit is shown
G
X

3) 9.55Ω 4) 12.75Ω ε

A B
54. In a experiment for calibration of voltmeter
a standard cell of emf 1.5 V is balanced at 10. Apply Ohm’s law.
300 cm length of potentiometer wire. The 11. Let the resistance of shorter part MN be x.
P.D across a resistance in the circuit is Then resistance of longer part is (20 – x) Ω
balancedat 1.25 m. If a voltmeter is
connected across the same resistance it (20 − x)x
R eq = = 1.8 Ω
reads 0.65 V. The error in the volt meter 20 − x + x
is Solving we get x = 2 Ω
1) 0.5V 2) 0.025V 3) 0.05 V 4) 0.25V So length of shorter part = 2m
55. The current in the primay circuit of a
potentiometer is 0.2 A. The specific resistance 12.  2x  (0. 101) = 0.2 solve for ‘x’.
and cross-section of the potentiometer wire 2+ x

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1 .5 V 2 V 2A 1
13. When S1 and S2 are opened, i = ..... (1) 31. P = = ⇒ PαJEE MAINS - VOL - VII
450 R ρl l
When S1 and S2 are closed,
1.5[100 + R] V2
32. i α r
2 3
33. p = v × i 34. P =
i= ....... (2) R
400R + 30,000
e1 − e2
14. iR = 20,here i < 4A ⇒ R > 5Ω 35. i = R + r + r , v = e1 −ir1 = 0 7
15. When a cell is connected across A and C, no current 1 2
flows in the arms BG and ED due to symmetry in 2V − V V
the arrangement. Then equivalent circuit will be as 36. I = =
shown in Fig.(a) and (b). The effective resistance 3R 3R
Apply loop law in upper loop
between A and C is
V V
1 1 1 1 IR + V − V − V = 0 or VC = IR = R or VC = .
= + + C
3R 3
Reff 2 R 3 R 2 R 37. i = E / r + R
3+ 2+3 8 4 3R mnE nE
= = = or Reff = . 38. i = & m × n = 24 39. i =
6R 6 R 3R
B
4 mR + nr R + nr
2E 2E
40. I s = , and I P =
G R 2r + R r + 2R
R R
r = R
R R ∆E ir
A
R H
C
41. % error = ×100 = ×100
R R E E
R
E R
42. when is = i p ; r = R
E + E2
i= 1
R + r1 + r2 V1 = E1 − i r1
D
(a)
43. ;

44. R1 = R0 (1 + α1 ( ∆t) ) ;
2R
R2 = R0 (1 + α 2 ( ∆t))
3R
A C
1 1 1
Series R = R1 + R2 ; Parallel R = R + R
2R

(b)
1 2
16. Apply Ohm’s law. 45. Applying kirchoff’s first law
V 2 V 46. Using kirchoff’s law
17. R = ; find Req then i = R 47. Using wheatstone bridge principle
P eq
48. Applying kirchoff’s law
18. Combination of resistors X 80
= − − − − − − (1)
R2 − R1 49. Y 100 − 8 0
19. ∆t = Rα 10x
1
20. Combination of resistors 10 + x = 50 − − − − − ( 2 )
Y 50
V
21. i = R 50.
X
=
l
total
R 100 − l
22. to 24. Combination of resistors
V
25. error = V1 − V11 51. Potential gradient =
l
26. R1α1 = R2α 2  E 
27. P = i 2 R 52.  R + r  R = K .l
 
28. 4 R = 400 ± 20 E1 l IR l
53. = 1 ; = 1
V2 ρl E2 l 2 IX l2
29. H = ×t ; R = 2 V1 l1
R πr 54. V = l ⇒ V 2 = 0.625V
2 2
V 2 t2 V12
30. H = t ; ∴ = error = 0.65 - 0.625
R t1 V 22 55. V = i ρl

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LEVEL-II (H. W) 8. A carbon filament has resistance of 120Ω

at 0 o C what must be the resistance of a
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND DRIFT copper filament connected in series with
VELOCITY carbon so that combination has same
1. An electron of mass 9 x 10-31kg moves around resistance at all temperatures
a nucleus in a circular orbit of radius 2A0 un- (αcarbon = −5 ×10−4 / o C , α copper = 4 × 10 −3 / o C )
der the action of centripetal force 3.2N. Then
the equivalent electric current is 1) 120Ω 2) 15Ω 3) 60 Ω 4) 210Ω
32 3π 16 3π 9. The equivalent resistance across XY in fig.
1) 2) 3) 4)
3π 32 3π 16 r
2r
r
2. The current in a conductor varies with time ‘t’ 1) r 2) 2r
X Y
r r
as I = 2- 0.02t ampers. The electric charge that 2r
passes from t = 0 to t = 100 sec is 3) 4r 4) r / 2
1) 50 C 2) 100 C 3) 25 C 4) 75 C 10. If the resistance of a circuit having 12V source
OHM’s LAW AND COMBINATION is increased by 4 Ω , the current drops by 0.5A.
OF RESISTANCES What is the original resistance of circuit
3. Four resistances 10 Ω , 5 Ω ,7 Ω and 3 Ω are 1
connected so that they form the sides of a 1) 4Ω 2) 8Ω 3) 16Ω Ω 4)
16
rectangle AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. 11. An electric current is passed through a circuit
Another resistance of 10 Ω is connected across containing two wires of the same material con-
the diagonal AC. The equivalent resistance nected in parallel. If the lengths and radii of
between A and B is the wire are in the ratio 4/3 and 2/3, then the
1) 2 Ω 2) 5 Ω 3) 7 Ω 4) 10 Ω
ratio of the currents passing through the wires
4. A 3 Ω resistor and a 6 Ω resistor are
will be
connected in parallel and the combination is
connected in series to a battery of 5V and a 1) 1/3 2) 3/1 3) 4/3 4) 3/4
3 Ω resistor. The potential difference across 12. When ‘n’ wires which are identical are con-
the 6 Ω resistor nected in series, the effective resistance ex-
1) 2V 2) 4V 3) 3V 4) 1V ceeds that when they are in parallel by X/Y
5. You are given a wire of length 100 cm and linear Ω . Then the resistance of each wire is
resistance of 1 ohm/cm. If it is cut into two xn yn xn yn
parts, so that when they are in parallel, the 1) 2) 3) 4)
effective resistance is 24 ohm. The lengths of y ( n − 1) x ( n − 1)
2 2
y ( n −1) x ( n −1)
the two parts are 13. The equivalent resistance across A and B is
1) 30cm & 70cm 2) 60cm & 40cm 6Ω
3) 70cm & 30cm 4) 20cm & 80cm 6Ω
6Ω
6. The resistance of a platinum wire of a 1) 2 Ω 2) 4 Ω
platinum resistance thermometer at the ice 6Ω
point is 5 Ω and at steam point is 5.4 Ω . 3) 8Ω 4) 12Ω A 8Ω
B
When the thermometer is inserted in a hot 14. An ammeter A is connected as shown in the
bath, the resistance of the platinum wire is diagram. Ammeter reading is
E
6.2 Ω . Find the temperature of the hot bath. r
1) 3000o C 2) 30o C 3) 300o C 4) 300 K r
7. Three unequal resistors in parallel are
r
equivalent to a resistance 1 ohm. If two E 2E
of them are in the ratio 1 : 2 and if no 1) 2)
r r A
resistance value is fractional, the largest r
of the three resistance in ohm is r E
1) 4 2) 6 3) 8 4) 12 3) 4) r
2E 2r
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15. A current of 7A flows thorugh the circuit as 23. The pd across terminals of a cell is found to be
shown in the figure the potential difference 29 volt and 28 volt respectively when it delivers
across points B and D is a current of 1 ampere and 2 ampere
5Ω B 1Ω respectively. The emf and internal resistance
of a cell are respectively
7A 1)30V, 2 Ω 2) 30V,1 Ω 3) 29V, 1 Ω 4 )
1) 5 V 2) 3 V
D 28V,2 Ω
3) 10 V 4) 7 V 24. The current in a circuit containing a battery
10Ω 5Ω connected to 2 Ω resistance is 0.9 A. When a
16. If a wire is stretched to make it 0.1% longer,
its rsistance will : [Mains-2011] resistance of 7 Ω connected to the same
1) increase by 0.2% battery, the current observed in the circuit is
2) decrease by 0.2% 0.3A. Then the internal resistance of the
3) decrease by 0.05% battery is
4) increase by 0.05% 1) 0.1 Ω 2) 0.5 Ω 3) 1 Ω 4) Zero
ELECTRIC POWER 25. The potential difference across the
terminals of a battery is 10 V when there
17. Two resistances R1 and R2 when connected
is a current of 3A in the battery from the
in series consume power equal to 25W. When negative to the positive terminal. When
connected in parallel they consume 100W. The the current is 2A in the reverse direction,
ratio of power of each is the potential difference becomes 15V. The
1) 1/4 2) 1/3 3) 1/2 4) 1 internal resistance of the battery is
18. Two electric bulbs marked 500 W, 220 V are 1) 1Ω 2) 0.4Ω 3) 0.6Ω 4) 0.8Ω
put in series with 110V line. The power 26. Two cells of emf 3V and 5V and internal re-
dissipated in each of the bulb is sistance r1 and r2 respectively are in series
125 25 225 325 with an external resistance R. If the p.d.
1) W 2) W 3) W 4) W
4 4 4 4 across 1st cell is zero, then R is
19. A conductor of resistance 3 ohm is stretched 5r − 3r2 2r − 3r2 3r − 5r2 4r − 5r2
uniformly till its length is doubled. The wire 1) 1 2) 1 3) 1 4) 1
now is bent in the form of an equilateral 3 4 3 3
triangle. The effective resistance between the 27. A battery when connected by a resistance of
ends of any side of the triangle in ohms is 16Ω gives a terminal voltage of 12V. and
1) 9/2 2) 8/3 3) 2 4) 1 when connected by a resistance of 10Ω gives
20. The energy in kilowatt hour is consumed in a terminal voltage of 11V. Then the emf of
operating ten 50W bulbs for 10 hours per day the battery and its internal resistance
in a month of 30 days is 1) 12.8 V 2) 13.7 V 3) 10.7 V 4) 9 V
1) 1500 2) 15000 3) 15 4) 150 28. When a resistor of 11 ohm is connected in
21. Two electric bulbs rated 25 W - 220 V and 100 series with an electric cell the current flow-
W – 220 V are connected in series to a 440 V ing in it is 0.5A. Instead, when a resistor of
supply. Which of the bulbs will fuse? 5Ω is connected to the same electric cell in
[Mains-2012] series, the current increases by 0.4A. The in-
1) Both 2) 100 W 3) 25 W 4) Neither ternal resistance of cell is
INTERNAL RESISTANCE AND EMF 1) 1.5Ω 2) 2 Ω 3) 2.5Ω 4) 6 Ω
22. Two batteries of different emf and internal 29. Two cells of emf 4V and 8V are connected to
resistances connected in series with each other two resister 4Ω and 6Ω as shown. If 8V cell
and with an external load resistor. The current is short circuited. Then current through re-
is 3.0 A. When the polarity of one battery is sistance 4Ω and 6Ω
reversed, the current becomes 1.0 A. The ratio 4Ω

of the emf of the two batteries is

4V 6Ω 8V
1) 2.5 : 1 2) 2 : 1 3) 3 : 2 4) 1 : 1
1) 2 A 2) 1 A 3) 2.5 A 4) 3 A
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30. If in the circuit shown below, the internal 2Ω 7Ω
resistnce of the battery is 1Ω andVp and VQ
15V
are the potentials at P and Q respectively, the 1) 1 A 2) 3 A 1Ω
potential difference between the points P and 6Ω
0.5Ω
Q is 10V
3) 2 A 4) 5 A
P
+ −
8Ω 10Ω

1) 9 V 2) 11 V
KIRCHOFF’S LAWS AND WHEAT
14Ω 4Ω SHONE’S BRIDGE
36. The current i drawn from the 5 volt source
3) 7 V 4) 6 V Q will be 10Ω
4Ω 14Ω
31. Voltmeter reading in the given circuit is (volt- 10Ω 20Ω
meter is ideal) 14V.1Ω
5Ω
1) 0.5 2) 2 A I
10Ω
3) 1.5 A 4) 3 A 5V
1) 6 V 2) 8 V 37. In the given circuit which is a part of a closed
20hm 4Ω
cirucit the current i1 , i2 are respcetively
12V
3) 10 V 4) 14 V V
30V i1
32. For a cell the graph between the p.d(v) across 20Ω
the terminals of the cells and the current (I) 1) 0.4 A 2) 0.6 A 10Ω
i2

drawn from the cell as shown. The emf and 30Ω

3) 1.6 A 4) 2 A 2V
inernal resistance is
38. A 5V battery with internal resistance 2 Ω
V 2 and a 2V battery with internal resistance 1 Ω
3 1 are connected to a 10 Ω resistor as shown in
1) Ω 2) Ω in volt the figure [Mains-2008]
2 3 P 2

2
3) 3Ω 4) Ω 0 3
3 1in amp 5V
10Ω
2V

33. The minimum number of cells in mixed group- 2Ω 1Ω

ing required to produced a maximum current

of 1A through external resistance of 20Ω P 1

given the emf of each cell is 2V and internal The current in the 10 Ω resistor is
resistance 1Ω is 1) 0.27 A P2 to P1 2) 0.03 A P1 to P2
1) 25 2) 20 3) 16 4) 30 3) 0.03 A P2 to P1 4) 0.27 A P1 to P2
34. A battery of emf ‘E’ and internal resistance METRE BRIDGE
‘r’ is connected to a resistor of restance ‘r1 ’ 39. When a conductor is connected in the left gap
and Q Joules of heat is produced in a certain and known resistance in the right gap the bal-
time ‘t’. When the same battery is connectted ancing length is 50cm. If the wire is stretched
so that its length increased by 20% , New bal-
to another resistor of resistance r2 the same ancing length is
quantity of heat is produced in the same time 1)40.98cm 2)38.23cm 3)42.56cm 4)48.21cm
‘t’. Then, the value of ‘r’ is (M-2011) 40. In a meter bridge experiment when a resis-
tance wire is connected in the left gap, the
r12 r22 1 balance point is found at the 30th cm. When
1) 2) 3) ( r1 + r2 ) 4) r1 r2 the wire is replaced by another wire, the bal-
r2 r1 2
ance point is found at the 60th cm. find the
35. The emf of a cell E is 15 V as shown in the balance point when the two wires connectd
figure with an internal resistance of 0.5 Ω . in series and in parallel in the left gap succes-
Then the value of the current drawn from the sively
cell is (M-2013) 1) 20 cm 2) 25 cm 3) 23 cm 4) 30 cm
155
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41. Shown in the figure below is a meter-bridge set LEVEL - II (H. W ) KEY
up with null deflection in the galvanometer. 1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 4) 1 5) 2 6) 3
7) 2 8) 2 9) 4 10) 2 11) 1 12) 1
55Ω R
13) 2 14) 2 15) 1 16) 1 17) 4 18) 1
19) 2 20) 4 21) 3 22) 2 23) 2 24) 2
25) 1 26) 1 27) 2 28) 3 29) 2 30) 1
G
31) 2 32) 4 33) 2 34) 4 35) 1 36) 1
21cm 37) 2 38) 3 39) 1 40) 2 41) 2 42) 1
43) 4 44) 3 45) 2
LEVEL - II (H . W ) - HINTS
The vlaue of the unknown resistor R is q qv
1. i= =
[Mains-2008] t 2π r
1) 13.75Ω 2) 220Ω 3) 110Ω 4) 55 Ω
 mv 2 
POTENTIO METER Q =
r 
F
42. A potentiometer wire 10 m long has a 
resistance of 40Ω . It is connected in series t2

with a resistanced box and a 2 v storage cell. 2. q = ∫ idt

t1
If the potential gradient along the wire is
0.01V/m the resistance unplugged in the box 3. Combination of resistors
is 4. Combination of resistors
1) 760Ω 2) 260Ω 3) 1060Ω 4) 960Ω 5. Combination of resistors
43. The ratio of potential gradients is 1 : 2, 6. R2 = R1 (1 + α ∆T )
the resistance of two potentiometer wires
1 1 1
of same length are 2 Ω & 4Ω respectively.. 7. + + =1
R1 R2 R3
The current flowing through them are in
the ratio R2 : R3 = 1 : 2
1) 1 : 2 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 3 4) 1 : 1 8. R1α1 = R2α 2
44. The length of potentiometer wire is 100
9. Combination of resistors
cm and the emf of its standard cell is E
volts. It is employed to measure the emf
10. V = iR
of a battery whose internal resistance is
12 = ( i – 0.5) (R + 4 )
0.5 ohm. If the balance point is obtained
at l = 30 cm from positive end, the emf 11. V - iR V = constant
of the battery is
i1R1 = i2 R2
30E 30 E 30 E 100E
1) 2) 3) 4) i1 R2
100.5 100 − 0.5 100 30 =
45. 1 ohm resistance is in series with an i 2 R1
Ammeter which is balanced by 75 cm of l
potentiometer wire. A standard cell of QR ∝
A
1.02 V is balanced by 50 cm. The ammeter
shows a reading of 1.5 A. The error in X
12. Rs = Rp +  
the ammeter reading is Y 
1) 0.002 A 2) 0.03 A 3) 1.01 A 4) no error 13. Combination of resistors

156
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 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY

5 E 3E 26. V = E – ir
14. i = − = --------
V
r r
27. E = ( R + r ) = co ns tan t
R
i × R2
15. i1 = R + R 28. E = i(R + r)
1 2 29. V = iR
i × R1 V
i2 = 30. i =
R1 + R1 R
16. R ∝ l 2 31. V = iR

P1 P2 E
17. Ps =
32. i =
; P = P1 + P2 r
P1 + P2 P
33. No. of cells = m × n
V2 imax = mR = nr
18. R1 = R2 = =R
P V2 E 2r1
34. Q = =
V r1 ( r + r1 ) 2
i=
2R
V2 E 2 .r2
∴P = i R 2 Q= =
r2 ( r + r2 ) 2
R1 R2
19. R ∝ L , Reff = R + R
2 35. using wheastone bridge
1 2

20. P ∝ i 2 36. using kirchoff’s laws

37. Applying kirchoff’s law
21. P = Vi
X l
V2 38. =
R= R 100 − l
P
X l
E1 + E2 39. =
22. 3 = r + r + R − − − − − (1) R 100 − l
1 2
X l
40. =
1=
E1 − E2
− − − − − ( 2) ;
(1) R 100 − l
r1 + r2 + R ( 2) E
41. i =
R
 E −V 
23. r =  R E R
 V 
42. K = ( R + R ) L
E s
24. = 0.9 − − − − − (1)
2+r i1 V1 R2
E 43. i = V R
= 0.3 − − − − − ( 2 ) 2 2 1
7+r
E ' 30
(1) 7+r 44. V α l , =
=3 E 100
( 2) 2+ r
V1 l1 75
25. E − 3r = 10 ....... ( i ) 45. V = l = 50 ⇒ V1 = 1.53V
2 2

E + 2r = 15 ....... ( ii ) V1
I1 = = 1.53 A , error = 1.53-1.50=0.03
solving (i) & (ii) r = 1 1
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5. Find the equivalent resistance across AB:

LEVEL - III A

ELECTRIC CURRENT AND DRIFT 2Ω 2Ω

VELOCITY 1) 1Ω 2) 2Ω 2Ω
2Ω 2Ω
1. The electron of hydrogen atom is considered
to be revolving around the proton in circular 3) 3Ω 4) 4Ω B
6. Two wires of the same material have length
h2 e2 6cm and 10cm and radii 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm
orbit of radius with velocity , where respectively. They are connected in series
me 2 h across a battery of 16V. The p.d. across the
h shorter wire is
h= . The current I is 1) 5V 2) 13.5 V 3) 27 V 4) 10 V
2π 7. Three ammeters P,Q and R with internal
4π me
2 2
4π me
2 2 resistances r, 1.5r ,3r respectively . Q and R
1) 2) parallel and this combination is in series with
2
h h3 P , The whole combination concted between X
and Y . When the battery connected between
4π 2 m 2 e 2 4π2 me5 X and Y , the ratio of the readings of P,Q and
3) 4) R is
h3 h3 1) 2:1:1 2) 3:2:1 3) 3:1:2 4) 1:1:1
2. In a straight conductor of uniform cross- 8. The potential difference between the points A
section charge q is flowing for time t. Let s and B is 3Ω 2Ω
A
be the specific charge of an electron. The
momentum of all the free electrons per unit 12V 1Ω 2Ω
length of the conductor, due to their drift 1) 1.50 V 2) 2.50 V
velocity only is B
2 3) 1.00 V 4)0.50 V 2Ω 3Ω
q q q
1) 2)   3) 4) qts 9. The resistance of a semicircle shown in fig.
ts  ts  ts between its two end faces is (Given that radial
3. Potential difference of 100 V is applied to thickness = 3 cm, axial thickness = 4 cm, inner
the ends of a copper wire one metre long. radius = 6 cm and resistivity = 4 ×10 −6 Ωcm )
Find the ratio of average drift velocity and
thermal velocity of electrons at 27 o C . 4cm
(Consider there is one conduction electron 1) 24.15 ×10 −6 Ω
per atom. The density of copper is 9.0 × 103 ; 2) 7.85 ×10−7 Ω 3cm
Atomic mass of copper is 63.5 g.
3) 7.85 ×10−6 Ω
N A = 6.0 ×10 23 per gram-mole, conductivity
of copper is 5.81×107 Ω−1 . 4) 7.85 ×10−5 Ω 4cm

10. ABCD is a square where each side is a

K = 1.38 ×10−23 JK −1 ) uniform wire of resistance 1Ω . A point E
1) 3.67 ×10 − 6 2) 4.3 ×10 − 6 lies on CD such that if a uniform wire of
resistance 1Ω is connected across AE and
3) 6 ×10−5 4) 5.6 ×10 −6 constant potential difference is applied
OHM’S LAW AND COMBINATION across A and C, then B and E are
OF RESISTANCES equipotential . A B
4. The sides of rectangular block are 2cm, 3cm
and 4cm. The ratio of the maximum to mini CE 1
CE
mum resistance between its parallel faces 1) ED = 1 2) ED = 2
is CE 1 CE
1) 3 2) 4 3) 2 4) 1 3) ED = 2 4) ED = 2 D E C

158
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
11. A heating element using nichrome 17. The energy stored in the capcitor is
connected to a 230 V supply draws an +3V
initial current of 3.2 A which settles after Current P 1Ω
a few seconds to a steady value of 2.8 A. 1) 12µ J 2) 24 µ J +8V 4Ω
What is the steady temperature of the 2Ω
3µ F
heating element if the room temperature 3) 36 µ J 4) 48 µ J
is 27.0o C ? Tempe rature coefficient of
resistance of nichrome averaged over the 18. In the circuit shown in figure, the potentials
temperature range involved is of B,C and D are : A
−4 − 1 ?
1.70 × 10 C
1) 680 0 C 2) 8670 C 3) 9200 C 4) 750 0 C –
1Ω

CELLS, KIRCHOFF’S LAW ‘S , 1) VB = 6V ;VC = 9V ; VD = 11V 12V B

+

WHEAT STONE BRIDGE 2Ω

12. A group of N cells where e.m.f. varies directly 2) VB = 11V ; VC = 9V ; VD = 6V –

6V C
+
with the internal resistance as per the equation 3Ω

EN = 1.5 rN are connected as shown in the 3) VB = 9V ; VC = 11V ; VD = 6V

figure. The current I in the circuit is: D
1 I 4) VB = 9V; VC = 6V ;VD = 11V
2
19. A current of 0.10 A flows through the 25Ω
N
resistor represented in the diagram to the
1) 0.51 A 2) 5.1 A
3 right. The current through the 80Ω resistor
3) 0.15 A 4) 1.5 A 5 is: 80Ω
4 25Ω 0.1A
13. Cell A has emf 2E and internal resistance 4r. V
20Ω
Cell B has emf E and internal resistance r. 1) 0.10 A 2) 0.20 A
The negative of A is connected to the positive 20Ω 60Ω

of B and a load resistance of R is connected 3) 0.30 A 4) 0.40 A

across the battery formed. If the terminal 20. In Wheat stone’s bridge shown in the adjoining
potential difference across A is zero, then R is figure galvanometer gives no deflection on
equal to pressing the key, the balance condition for the
1) 3r 2) 2r 3) r 4) 5r bridge is :
14. For the circuit shown in the figure, B

potential difference between points A R1 R2

and B is 16V. Find the current passing A
G
C

through 2 Ω R1 C1 R1 C2 C1 C2
4Ω 9V 1Ω 3V 4Ω 1) R = C 2) R = C D
B 2 2 2 1
Key
i1 i2 i2 i1
i 1 + i2 R1 C1 R1 C1
3) R + R = C − C 4) R − R = C + C
2Ω 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1) 3.5A 2) 3A 3) 4.5A 4) 5.5A
15. The minimum number of cells in mixed group 21. In the steady state, the energy stored in the
ing required to produce a maximum current capacitor is :
E1, r1
of 1.5 A through an external resistance of i a
+ –
30 Ω ,given the emf of each cell is 1.5 V and i
C
internal resistance is 1Ω is 1
1) C( E1 + E2 ) 2 R2
+
R1
1) 30 2) 120 3) 40 4) 60 2 E2, r 2
16. The p.d between the terminals A & B is –
1
2) C( E1 − E2 )
20Ω 2
B b i
2
2 2
1) 2V 2) 3V 1  E1R1 + E1R2  1  ER 
3) C   4) C E2 + 
10Ω 1 1
5v 2v
2  r1 + r2 +R1+ R2  2  r1 + R1 + R2 
3) 3.6 V 4) 1.8 V A 10Ω

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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
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22. A part of circuit in steady state along with the 28. Masses of three are in the ratio 1:3:5. Their
currents flowing in the branches, the value of lengths are in the ratio 5:3:1. When they are
resistances is shown in figure. Calculate the connected in series to an external source, the
energy stored in the capacitor.
amounts of heats produced in them are in the
1A
ratio
4v 3Ω i1 5Ω
a e 1) 125 : 15 : 1 2) 1 : 15 : 125
4 µF 1Ω
3) 5 : 3 : 1 4) 1 : 3 : 5
1) 8 ×10 −1 J 2) 8 ×10−2 J 3v 1Ω 4Ω 29. A heater coil rated at 1000W is connected to
b
2A
3Ω
2Ω i2f a 110V mains. How much time will take to
3) 8 ×10 −3 J 4) 8 ×10−4 J 1A melt 625 gm of ice at 0 0 C . (for ice L = 80
23. Equivalent resistance across A and B in the cal/gm)
given circuit if r = 10 Ω , R = 20 Ω is 1) 100s 2) 150s 3) 200s 4) 210s
R 30. In the following circuit, 5 Ω resistor develops
A
r 45 J/s due to current flowing through it. The
1) 7 Ω 2) 14 Ω r power developed across 12Ω resistor is
R r
3) 35 Ω 4) 20/3 Ω B
i2 9Ω 6Ω

24. For a cell, the graph between the p.d.(V) 12Ω

across the terminals of the cell and the current
I drawn from the cell is shown in the fig. the
emf and the internal resistance of the cell is
i1 5Ω
E and r repectively.
1) 16 W 2) 192 W 3) 36 W 4) 64 W
2 31. Two wires ' A ' and ' B ' of the same material
1) E = 2V, r = 0.5Ω V(Volt) have their lengths in the ratio 1 : 2 and radii in
2) E = 2V, r = 0.4Ω the ratio 2 : 1. The two wires are connected in
parallel across a battery. The ratio of the heat
3) E > 2V, r = 0.5Ω
O 5 produced in ' A ' to the heat produced in ' B ' for
4) E > 2V, r = 0.4Ω I (in amp)
the same time is
25. The charge developed on 4 µ F condenser is 1) 1 : 2 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 8 4) 8 : 1
6Ω
32. An electric motor operating on 50 volt D.C.
supply draws a current of 10 amp. If the
4µF 24Ω 2 µF efficiency of motor is 40%, then the resistance
1) 18 µ C 2) 4 µ C
of the winding of the motor is
1) 1.5Ω 2) 3Ω 3) 4.5Ω 4) 6 Ω
3) 8 µ C 4) Zero
10V 4Ω 33. The resistance of a 240 V – 200 W electric
26. Find out the value of current through
bulb when hot is 10 times the resistance when
2 Ω resistance for the given circuit.
cold. The resistance at room temperature and
the temperature coefficient of the filament
5Ω 10Ω
are (given working temperature of the
1) 0 2) 1.6 A
10V 2Ω
20V
filament is 2000 °C )
3) 2.4 A 4)3A
1) 28.8 Ω,4.5 × 10−3 / °C
ELECTRIC POWER, JOULE’S LAW
27. Same mass of copper is drawn into 2 wires of 2) 14.4 Ω ,4.5 ×10 −3 / °C
1mm thick and 3mm thick. Two wires are
connected in series and current is passed. 3) 28.8 Ω,3.5 ×10−3 / °C
Heat produced in the wires is the ratio of 4) 14.4 Ω ,3.5 × 10−3 / °C
1) 3 : 1 2) 9 : 1 3) 81 : 1 4) 1 : 81
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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
34. A wire of length L and 3 identical cells of 40. ‘n’ identical resistors are taken. ‘n/2’ resistors
negligible internal resistances are connected are connected in series and the remaining are
in series. Due to the current, the temperature connected in parallel. The series connected
of the wire is raisied by ∆T in a time t. A number group is kept in the left gap
N of similar cells is now connected in series of a meter bridge and the parallel connected
with a wire of the same material and cross- group in the right gap. The distance of the
section but the length 2L The temperature balance point from the left end of the wire is
of the wire is raised by the same amount ∆T in
the same time t. The value of N is : 100n 2 100n 2 400 400
1) 2 2) 2 3) 2 4) 2
1) 3 2) 2 3) 6 4) 4 n +4 n +1 n +4 n +1
35. Three bulbs with their power and working 41. In a metere bridge, the balance length from
voltage are connected as shown in the circuit left end (standard resistance of 1Ω is in the
diagram to a 12 V battery. The total power
right gap) is found to be 20 cm, the length of
consumed by the bulbs is (ignore the internal
resistance of the battery shown) 1
12v 6W resistance wire in left gap is m and radius
2
12v, 12W
is 2mm its specific resistance is
12v 6W 1) π × 10−6 ohm − m 2) 2π × 10−6 ohm − m
π −6
12v 3) ×10 ohm − m 4) 3π ×10−6 ohm − m
2
1) 24 W 2) 12 W 3) 6 W 4) 15 W
36. A cell of emf 12 V and internal resistance POTENTIO METER
6 Ω is connected in parallel with another cell 42. In an experiment with potentiometer to mea-
of emf 6 V and internal resistance 3 Ω , such sure the internal resistance of a cell, when
that the positive of the first cell joins the the cell is shunted by 5 Ω , the null point is
positive of the second cell and similarly the obtained at 2m. When cell is shunted by 20Ω
negative of first cell joins the negative of
the second cell. A bulb of filament resistance the null point is obtained at 3m. The internal
14 Ω is connected across the combination. resistance of cell is
The power delivered to be bulb is 1) 2 Ω 2) 4 Ω 3) 6 Ω 4) 8Ω
1) 4.0 W 2) 3.5 W 3) 8.5 W 4) 2.5 W 43. A potentiometer wire of length 100cm has a
37. A cell develops the same power across resistance 5 Ω . It is connected in series with
two resistances R1 & R2 separately. The a resistance and a cell of emf 2v and of
internal resistance of the cell is negligible internal resistance. A source of emf
5mv balanced by 10 cm length of
1) R1R2 2) 2R1 R2 3) R1 + R2 4) R1 − R2
potentiometer wire. The value of external
METRE BRIDGE reistance is _____
38. A metallic conductor at 10° C connected in the 1) 540 Ω 2) 195Ω 3) 190Ω 4) 990 Ω
left gap of meter bridge gives balancing 44. 1 Ω resistance is in series with an Ammeter
length 40 cm. When the conductor is at 60 C , °
which is balanced by 75 cm of potentiometer
the balancing point shifts by---cm, wire. A standard cell of 1.02V is balanced by
(temperature coefficeint of resistance of the 50 cm. The Ammeter shows a reading of 1.5A.
material of the wire is (1/220 ) / C ) The error in the Ammeter reading is
0

1) 0.002A 2) 0.03A 3) 1.01A 4) no error

1) 4.8 2) 10 3) 15 4) 7
39. When a conducting wire is connected in the 45. An ideal battery of emf 2V and a series
right gap and known resistance in the left gap, resistance R are connected in the primary
the balancing length is 60cm. The balancing circuit of a potentio meter of length 1m and
length becoms 42.4 cm when the wire is resistance 5Ω . The value of R to give a
stretched so that its length increases by potential difference of 5mV across the 10cm
1) 10% 2) 20% 3) 25% 4) 42.7% of potentiometer wire is
1) 180 Ω 2) 190 Ω 3) 195 Ω 4) 200 Ω
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46. In an experiment for calibration of voltmeter, a
ρa ρc
standard cell of emf 1.5V is balanced at 300cm 4. R max = , R min =
length of potentiometer wire. The P.D.across a bc ab
resistance in the circuit is balanced at 1.25m. If a >b > c =4 > 3> 2
a voltmeter is connected across the same
resistance, it reads 0.65V. The error in the volt R max Pa ab a 2 4 2
= × = = = 4.
meter is R main bc Pc c2 2 2
1) 0.05V 2) 0.025V 3) 0.5V 4) 0.25V
47. In the circuit shown in fig., the potential 5. Apply series and parallel combinations
difference between the points C and D is 6. l1 = 6cm , l2 = 10cm,
balanced against 40 cm length of poten-
tiometer wire of total length 100 cm. In order r1 = 0.5 ×10− 3, r2 = 1.5 ×10 −3
to balance the potential difference between In series combination i = constant
the points D and E. The jockey to be pressed
on potentiometer wire at a distance of ρ l1
V1 R1 A l A
+ –
= = 1 = 1× 2
40cm V2 R2 ρl 2 l2 A1 V1 + V2 = 16V
J
A B A2
10Ω G
4Ω
V1 = 13.5V
C E
D Solving for
+ –
( )
V
i=
6v 1Ω K1
7.
1) 16 cm 2) 32 cm 3) 56 cm 4) 80 cm R
LEVEL-III KEY i 3Ω i−i1 2Ω
1) 4 2) 1 3) 1 4) 2 5) 1 6) 2 A
7) 2 8) 4 9) 3 10) 4 11) 2 12) 4 i1
13) 3 14) 3 15)2 16) 4 17) 2 18) 2 I 1Ω II 2Ω
19) 3 20) 3 21) 2 22) 4 23) 2 24) 2 8. 12 V
25) 3 26) 1 27) 3 28) 1 29) 4 30) 2 B
31) 4 32) 2 33) 1 34) 3 35) 3 36) 2 2Ω i 3Ω
37) 1 38) 1 39) 4 40) 1 41) 2 42) 2
43) 2 44) 2 45) 3 46) 2 47) 2 For the first loop 12 = 5i + i1
LEVEL - III - HINTS For the second loop 0 = 7(i − i1 ) − i1
e e ev 8i1 = 7i or , i1 = (7/8) i
1. I= = = or
t 2πr / v 2πr
7 47i
I q/t Therefore, we obtain 12 = 5i + i =
2. I = nAevd or vd = = 8 8
nAe nAe
12 × 8
No. of free electrons per unit length of conductor or, i= A = 2.04 A
N = nA × 1 47
∴ Momentum of all the free electrons is 7
i1 = × 2.04 A = 1.79 A
p = Nmvd 8
Thus, the p.d across A and B is
σE 3K B T VA − VB = (i − i1 )× 2 = 0.25 × 2 = 0.50V
3. ∴vd = vrms =
ne me
9. Here, A = 4 cm × 3 cm = 12 cm2
l = πr = π ( 6 + 3 / 2 ) = π × 7.5 cm
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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY

ρl 4× 10−6 ×π× 7.5

R= = 1.5 × n
A 12 1.5 =
2 × 30
= 7.85 ×10 −6 ohm. n = 60
1.5 × m
1.5 =
1Ω
B
A
2 ×1
1Ω 1Ω 1Ω m =2
10. ∴ total no of cells; = n × m = 2 × 60 = 120
D E C
xΩ (1 − x) Ω

Equivalent resistance between A and E is E1 E 2

+ 5 2
+
y=
( x + 1) 16.
i=
r1 r2
= 20 10
x+2  1 1  1 + 10 1 + 1 
1+ R  +   
For B and E to be at equal potential , we get  r1 r2   20 10 
RAE REC x +1 1− x V = iR = i ×10 = 1.8v
= ⇒ =
RAB RBC ( x + 2)1 1
B
+3V
Solving x = 2 − 1
A Current(i) P 1Ω
CE 1 − x +8V 4Ω 2Ω
Now = = 2 17. 3 µF
ED x C
V 230 230
11. R27 = = , Rθ =
We have
I 3.2 2.8
VA − VB = i × (4 + 1)
R27 R0 (1 + α × 27 )
=
Rθ R0 (1 + α ×θ ) 8 − 3 = i× 5
5 = i ×5
EN
12. i= = 1.5 i = 1A
rN
VA − Vp = 4 ×1
e1 + e2
13. i = R + r + r ,V1 = E1 − ir1 = 0 8 − VP = 4; VP = 4 volt
1 2
Now VC = 0 . So, the energy stored in the
14. VA − VB =16
1
4i1 + 2 ( i1 + i2 ) − 3 + 4i1 =16.... (1) capacitor is ξ = × 3 ×16 = 24 µ J
2
9 − i2 − 2 ( i1 + i2 ) = 0 18. Potential at O is zero being earthed.
Applying Kirchhoff’s second law
Solving eqs (1) and (2) i1 =1.5 Aandi2 = 2 A i (1 + 2 + 3) = 12 − 6 or i = 1A
VA − VD = (1+ 2 + 3) ×1 = 6V
mE nE
15. i max = = VA − VB = 1 × 1 = 1V
2r 2R
n = number of cells in each row. VA − VC = (1 + 2) × 1= 3V
m = number of rows. Also, VA − VO = 12V or VA = 12V

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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II

Thus, VD = 12 − 6 = 6V , E1 R1
Now Va − Vb = −iR1 = − r + R + R
VB = 12 − 1 = 11V , VC = 12 − 3 = 9V 1 1 2

V q0 E1R1
19. i = and VC = C = E2 + iR1 = E2 + r + R + R
r 1 1 2

20. At balance, the potentials of point B and D are Now energy stored in the capacitor
same and there will be no current in the arm 2
BD. Thus, 1 1  E1R1 
U = CVc2 ; = C  E2 + 
2 2  r1 + R1 + R2 
B
i1 22. When the capacitor plates get fully charged, there
R1 R2
i1 will be no current in branch ab, Remember
G C capacitance acts as the open circuit since
A
capacitance offers infinite resistance to d.c.The
C1 C2 capacitance simply collects the charge. Applying
D Kirchooff’s first law to the junctions a and b, we
find i1 = 3 Aandi2 = 1A . Now applying
Kirchhoff’s second law to the closed mash aefba,
q
i1R1 = .... (i) we get 3 × 5 + 3 × 1 +1 ×2 = Va − Vb
C1
Va − Vb = 20V
where q is the charge on both the capacitor
plates connected in series.
1A
Quite similarly VB − VC = VD − VC 3Ω
4V 3Ω a i1 5Ω e
q 2A
or i1R2 = .... (ii)
C2 4µF 1Ω
3V 1Ω b 4Ω
Dividing eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 2A 2Ω i2 f
3Ω
R1 C2
= 1A
R2 C1
Energy stored in the capacitor
21. When the capacitor plate acquire full cahrge q0 ,
there will be no current in the capacitor arm. 1 1
U= C(Va − Vb )2 = × 4 ×10−6 × (20)2
Applying Kirchhoff’s second law to the current 2 2
−4
carrying circuit = 8 × 10 J
E 1, r1
 3R + r 
+ − 23. R1 = r  
C  3r + R 
R2
+
R1 24. V = E − ir
E 2 ,r 2
−
i = 0, V = E = 2V
E
E1 V = 0, r = = 0.4Ω
i ( R1 + R2 ) = E1 − ir1 or i= i
r1 + R1 + R2
25. current i = 1 amp
P.D across 6 Ω = 6Volt
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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY

P.D across 4 Ω = 2 Volt 40 500 − 100 R

=
∴ Charges on 4µ F = 8 µC 100 500

26. 2 Ω resistor is in open circut so current is 0 V 2 240 × 240

33. Resistance of the hot bulb R2 = =
P 200
27. JQ = i 2 Rt
Resistance of the bulb at room temperature
1 R2 − R1
Qα Rα 2 when wire is stretched R1 =
R2
=
288 α =
A 10 10 R1 t

Q1 r24 34 34. In the first case, three identical cells are

= = = 81.1 connected in seires with a wire of length L. Let
Q 2 r14 14
the terminal potential difference of each cell is
28. m 1 : m 2: m 3 = 1 : 3 : 5 V and resistance of the wire is R. Then heat
developed in the wire in time t is
l1 : l2 : l3 = 5 : 3 : 1
(3V )2
H= t = ms∆T
ρ dl 2 R
Q = i 2 Rt R=
m where m is the mass of the wire, s-the specific
ρ dl 2 heat of its material and ∆T is the rise in its
Qα R = temperature.
m
2 When N such indentical cells are connected in
Q1 l1 m 2
= × ⇒ series, the effective terminal otential is NV volt
Q2 l22 m1
and if the length of the wire is doubled, its
resistance and mass also doubled. Then heat
Q1 : Q2 : Q3 = 125:15:1 develope in the wire is
29. JQ = P × t
( NV ) 2
J ×m L = P × t H` = t = (2m) s.∆T
2R
80 × 4.2 Dividing both the equations, we get
1× 625 ×10 −3 × = 1000 × t
10 −3 N2
t = 210s =2⇒ N = 6
2× 9
30. P = i 2R = 192W V2
35 . P =
V2 R
31. Q =
R Eeff
36. i = R , p = i R
2
2
Q1 R 2 l r
= = 2× . 1 eff
2
Q 2 R1 l1 r 2 2
 E 
37. P1 =i R1 = 
2
 R1
Q1 2 ( 2 ) 8
2

= × =  R1 + r 
Q 2 1 12 1
2
 E 
32. Input power P = VI = 50 × 10 P2 = i R2 = 
2
 R2
Power dissipated as heat = I2 R = 100 R  R2 + r 
Out put power X 40 2 X0 (1 + αt 1 ) 2
Efficiency = Input power 38. = = ; =
R 60 3 R 3

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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
CURRENT ELECTRICITY NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II

 2  5
X 0 (1 + α t2 ) l 5 × 10 −3 =   × 10
=  5 + R 3  100
R 100 − l
R S = 195 Ω
1 + α t1 2  100 − l 
= ×
1 + α t 2 3  l  44. 1.02V → 50cm
l = 44.8 ? → 75cm
75 ×1.02
Balancing point shifts by =44.8-40=4.8 . V= = 1.53 ;
50

39.
X 60
= ; error = 1.53 − 1.5 = 0.03
R 40
−3 V iR
X 42.4 45. 5 × 10 = l= l
= L L
' ;
R 57.6
−3  2 5 −2
5 ×10 =  ×10 × 10
R ' 60 57.6
= ×  R+ 5 1
R 40 42.4 46. 300 × 10−3 m ⇒ 1.5V ; 1.25m → ?
Rα l 2 V = 0.625V ; Error in ammeter reading
l1 − l  R1 − R  = 0.625 − 0.65 = 0.025v .
× 100 =   ×100
l  R  V1 iR1 l1 5 40
  47. V = iR = l ∴ =
2 2 2 4 l2
X nr / 2
40. =
100 − X 2 r / n LEVEL - IV
sl X 20 Instructions for Assertion & Reason Type
41. X = = questions:
A R 80
1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
1 correct explanation of A.
S× 2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not
1 2 R×2
= X= the correct explanation of A.
4 π× ( 2 ×10 )
2
−3
8 3) (A) is true but (R) is false
4) (A) is false but (R) is true
1 1. Assertion : Terminal voltage of a cell is
X= S = 2π ×10− 6 Ω − m greater than emf of cell, during charging of
4
the cell.
V1 l1 Reason : The emf of a cell is always greater
42. V = l than its terminal voltage.
2 2
2. Assertion : In metrebridge experiment, a high
 E   E  resistance is connected in series with the
V1 =   R1, V2 =   R2 galvanometer.
 R1 + r   R2 + r  Reason : As resistance increases, current
through the circuit increases
R1 ( R 2 + r ) l1 3. Assertion (A) : In a metrebridge ; copper wire
=
R 2 ( R1 + r) l2 ⇒ r = 4Ω is connected in the left gap and silicon is
connected in the right gap, when the temp of
both wires increase, balancing point shifts to
 E R
43. E ' = iρ l =  R + R  L . l right.
 3  Reason (R) : Temperature coefficient of
copper is -Ve and that of silicon is +Ve.
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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 NEET-PHYSICS-VOL-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY
4. Assertion (A) : If a current flows through a 12. Assertion (A) : The resistance of an ideal
wire of non-uniform cross-section, potential voltmeter should be infinite.
difference per unit length of the wire in the Reason (R) : The potential difference
direction of current is same at different measured by a voltmeter across a resistor is
points. always less than the actual potential
Reason (R) : V = iR and current in the wire is difference across the resistor.
same throughout. 13. Assertion (A) : Current is passed through a
5. Assertion (A) : Voltmeter is much better than metallic wire, heating it red. When cold water
a potentiometer for measuring emf of cell. is poured on half of its portion, then rest of
Reason (R) : A potentiometer draws no the half portion becomes more hot.
current while measuring emf of a cell. Reason (R) : Resistance decreases due to
6. Assertion (A):The equivalent resistance decrease in temperature and then current
between the points X and Y in the figure, is through wire increases.
10Ω . MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
10Ω
14. Match list - I with List - II
B
List - I List- II
10Ω 10Ω
x
a) Ohm’s law e) conservation of
A
y
C
charge
10Ω 10Ω
b) Joule’s Law f) conservation of
D
energy
Reason (R) : According to wheatstone bridge c) Kirchhoff’s I Law g) v = Ri
points A and C have the same potential.
d) Kirchhoff’s II Law h) H = i 2 Rt
7. Assertion : The drift velocity of electrons in a
metallic wire will decrease, if the temperature 1) a - h, b - g, c - e, d - f
of the wire is increased. 2) a - g, b - h, c - e, d - f
Reason : On increasing temperature, 3) a - h, b - f, c - e, d - g
conductivity of metallic wire decreases. 4) a - e, b - f, c - g, d - h
8. Assertion (A) :The electric bulb glows 15. Match list - I with List - II
immediately when switch is on. List - I List - II
a) Potentiometer e) For measuring
Reason (R) : The drift velocity of electrons
in a metallic wire is very high. current
b) Metrebridge f)For measuring
9. Assertion (A) : If the length of the conductor
internal resistance
is doubled, the drift velocity will become half
c) Ammeter g)For measuring
of the original value (keeping potential
specific resistance
difference unchanged)
of wire
Reason (R) : At constant potential difference,
d) Voltmeter h) For measuring
drift velocity is inversely proportional to the
potential difference
length of the conductor.
1) a-f, b-g, c-e, d-h 2) a-g, b-e, c-f, d-h
10. Assertion (A): If the current of a lamp
3) a-h, b-e, c-f, d-g 4) a-h, b-f, c-e, d-g
decreases by 20%, the percentage decrease
16. Match list - I with List - II
in the illumination of the lamp is 40%
List - I List - II
Reason (R) : Illumination of the lamp is
directly proportional to square of the current a) Thermistor e) High + ve 'α '
through lamp. b) Carbon f) α almost zero
11. Assertion (A) : However long a fuse wire may c) Nichrome g) either positive or
be, the safe current that can be allowed is negative 'α '
the same. d) Constantan, h) Negative 'α '
Reason (R): The safe current that can be and manganin
allowed to pass through a fuse wire depends 1) a-g, b-h, c-e, d-f 2) a-h, b-g, c-e, d-f
on the radius of the wire. 3) a-e, b-f, c-g, d-h 4) a-e, b-g, c-h, d-f
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17. Match list - I with List - II Table – 1 Table - 2

List - I List - II (a) Potential of point A (p) Zero
a) Resistivity e) Volt (b) Potential of point B (q) 2 V
b) Conductivity f) Siemen (c) Potential of point C (r) 4 V
c) emf g) ohm - metre (d) Potential of point D (s) 6 V
d) conductance h) mho − metre − 1 (t) none
1) a - p; b - p; c - p,d-p 2) a-p,b-s,c-q
1) a-e, b-f, c-g, d-h 2) a-f, b-e, c-g, d-h
3) a-q,b-q,c-s 4) a-r,b-r,c-p
3) a-g, b-h, c-e, d-f 4) a-h, b-g, c-e, d-f
18. Three wires of same material are connected 21. In the potentiometer arrangement shown in
in parallel to a source of emf. The length ratio figure, null point is obtained at lengtlh.
of the wires is 1 : 2 : 3 and the ratio of their E 1 R
area of cross section is 2 : 4 : 1.
Table – 1 Table - 2 l
(a) Resistance ratio (p) 6 : 6 : 1 J
(b) Current ratio (q) 1 : 6 : 6
(c) Power ratio (r) 1 : 1 : 6
E
(s) None 2

1) a-r,b-q,c-p 2) a-p,b-q,c-r Table – 1 Table - 2

3) a - r; b - p, c - p 4) a-q,b-p,c-r (a) If E1 is increased (p) l should increase
19. In the figure shown, each resistance is R. (b) If R is increased (q) l should decrease
a (c) If E 2 is increased (r) l should remain
the same to again
get the null point
d b 1) a-q,b-q,c-p 2) a-r,b-r,c-q
3) a-p,b-p,c-r 4) a - q; b - p; c - p
22. In the circuit shown in figure, if a resistance
c R is connected in parallel with R 2
Table – 1 Table - 2 R
1 R 2

R
(a) Resistance between a and b (p) i
2
5
(b) Resistance between a and c (q) 8 R V

Table – 1 Table - 2
(c) Resistance between b and d (r) R (a) Main current i (p) will increase
(s) None (b) Power across R 1 (q) will decrease
1) a-q,b-p,c-r 2) a - r; b - p; c - p (c) Power across R 2 (r) will remain same
3) a-p,b-q,c-s 4) a-s,b-r,c-p 1) a-p,b-p,c-p 2) a-q,b-q,c-q
20. Six batteries of increasing emf and increasing 3) a - p, b - p, c - q 4) a-r,b-r,c-r
internal resistance are as shown in figure. 23. In the circuit shown,
1V 1Ω 2V 2Ω 3V 3Ω A B
A B
C
8V 6Ω 5V 6Ω 4V 4Ω 15V,1Ω 10V,1Ω

D
3Ω

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Table – 1 Table - 2 Table – 1 Table - 2
(a) Potential difference (p) A (a) Minimum current will flow (p) 2Ω
across battery A through
(b) Potential difference (q) B (b) Maximum current will (q) 4Ω
across battery B flow through
(c) Power is supplied by (r) 14 V (c) Maximum power will be (r) 3Ω
battery generated across
(d) Power is consumed (s) 9 V (d) Minimum power will be (s) 5Ω
by battery generated across
(t) 11V
1) a-p;b-p;c-q;d-r 2) a-r;b-r;c-p;d-s
1) a-p; b-p;c-q;d-r 2) a-q;b-q;c-r;d-s
3) a-r, b-t, c-p, d-q 4) a-r;b-r;c-s;d-t 3) a - q, b - p, c - r, d - q 4) a-s;b-s;c-r;d-q
24. Current is flowing through a wire of non- 27. Statement (A) : Thermistor can have only
uniform cross section. Cross section of wire negative temperature coefficeints of
A is less than the cross section of wire at B. resistances.
Table – 1 Table - 2 Statement (B) : Thermistors with negative
(a) current at A (p) is zero temperature coefficients of resistance are
(b) drift velocity of (q) is more than at B used as resistance thermometers, to
electrons at A measure low temperatures of the order of
(c) electric field in (r) is less than at B 10 K.
the wire at A 1) both A and B are true
(d) current density (s) is equal to that 2) both A and B are false
at A at B 3) A is true and B is false
1) a-p;b-q;c-q;d-p 2) a-s, b-q, c-q, d-q 4) A is false, but B is true
3) a-q;b-r;c-p;d-q 4) a-r;b-s;c-r;c-s 28. Statement (A) : Resistivity of insulators is
25. In the circuit shown in figure, about 1022 times the resistivity of metallic
R1 = R2 = R3 = R .
conductors.
E Statment (B) : Metals like silver, copper and
aluminium have very high values of
resistivity.
R1 1) A and B are true 2) A and B are false
E E
3) A is true, B is false 4) A is false, B is true
29. Statement (A) : Series combination of cells is
R3
preferred when external resistance is large
compared to internal resistance of cell.
R2
Statement (B) : Parallel combination of cells
Table – 1 Table - 2 is preferred when external resistance is small
(a) current through R 1 (p) E/R compared to the internal resistance of each
(b) current through R 2 (q) 2E/R cell.
(c) current through R 3 (r) E/2R 1) A and B are true 2) A and B are false
(s) Zero 3) A is true, B is false 4) A is false, B is true
1) a-p, b-p, c-p 2) a-p;b-q;c-s 30. Statement (A) : The difference between a
3) a-q;b-r;c-r 4) a-r;b-s;c-p new torch light cell and an old one is due to
26. Matrix Matching increase in internal resistance.
2Ω 3Ω Statement(B) : At 0 kelvin specific resistance
of prefect insulator is infinity.
1) Both A and B are true
4Ω 5Ω 2) A is true, B is false
3) A is false, B is true
V 4) Both A and B are false
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31. Statement-1: The temperature dependence of A) the potentiometer wire PQ

resistance is usually given as B) the resistor R
R = R0 (1 + α∆t ) . The resistance of a wire C) the galvanometer G
1) A, B and C 2) A and B only
changes from 100Ω to 150Ω when its 3) B and C only 4) C only
temperature is increased from 27o C to 227o C. 34. The two ends of a uniform conductor are joined
This implies that α = 2.5 ×10−3 / 0 C to a cell of emf E and some internal resistance.
Starting from the mid point P of the conductor,
Statement 2 : - R = R0 (1 + α∆t ) is valid only we move in the direction of
current and return to P. The potential V at every
when the change in the temperature ∆T is
point on the path is plotted against the distance
small and ∆R = ( R − R0 ) << R0 covered (x). One of the following best represent
the resulting curve?
1) Statement -1 is true, statement -2 is true,
V
Statement-2 is the correct explanation of statement V

-1. 1)
2)
2) Statement -1 is true, statement -2 is E <E

true,statement -2 is not the correct explanation of

statement -1
X X
3) Statement - 1 is false, Statement - 2 is true
V
4) Statement - 1 is true, Statement - 2 is false V

32. In the above circuit, C denotes the balance

position on the potentiometer wire AB. Which >E <E

of the following procedures can shift C towards 3) 4)

the end B? X
X

X R 35. In the circuit shown L1, L2, L3, and L4 are

identical light bulbs. There are six voltmeters
C connected to the circuit as shown. Assume that
A B
the voltmeters are ideal. If L3 were to burn
Y
out, opening the circuit, which voltmeter(s)
G
would read zero volts?
a) replacing the driving cell X by one with a
smaller EMF L1
b) adding a resistance in series with the V0 V1 L3 V3
galvanometer G V2 L2 V0
c) increasing the resistance of the rheostat R
1) a, b and c 2) a and b only L4 V4
3) b and c only 4) a and (c) only
33. The potentiometer circuit shown is used to find 1) none would read zero
the internal resistance of the cell E. At 2) only V3
balance, the galvanometer pointer does not 3) only V4
deflect, and no current flows through 4) only V3, V4, and V5

V
LEVEL-IV KEY
1) 3 2) 3 3) 3 4) 4 5) 4 6) 1
T
7) 2 8) 3 9) 1 10) 4 11) 1 12) 2
P Q 13) 1 14) 2 15) 1 16) 1 17) 3 18) 3
R
G 19) 1 20) 1 21) 4 22) 3 23) 3 24) 2
25) 1 26) 3 27) 4 28) 3 29) 1 30) 1
31) 3 32) 4 33) 4 34) 2 35) 3
E

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