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Examination of Motor Function

The document outlines the examination of motor function, which includes assessing muscle size, tone, power, coordination, and reflexes. It explains the reflex arc and its components, types of reflexes, and methods for evaluating reflex responses. Additionally, it details specific deep and superficial reflex tests, as well as sensory examinations for touch, pain, temperature, and position sense.

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2 views

Examination of Motor Function

The document outlines the examination of motor function, which includes assessing muscle size, tone, power, coordination, and reflexes. It explains the reflex arc and its components, types of reflexes, and methods for evaluating reflex responses. Additionally, it details specific deep and superficial reflex tests, as well as sensory examinations for touch, pain, temperature, and position sense.

Uploaded by

muskan461asati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab 16 practical physiology Assist. Lec.

Suha Talal Abd


Second class
Examination of Motor Function
Examination of motor function include:
1- Size of muscle.
2- State of muscle tone.
3- Muscular Power.
4- Co-ordination of movement.
5- Reflexes.
Reflexes: is an involuntary movement in response to a stimulus by action of
muscle or glands through nerves. It considered as basic defense
mechanisms of the nervous system.
A reflex arc: defines the pathway by which a reflex travels, from the stimulus to
sensory neuron to motor neuron to reflex muscle movement.
The reflex arc typically consists of five components
1. The receptor at the end of a sensory neuron reacts to a stimulus.
2. The sensory (afferent) neuron conducts nerve impulses towards the central
nervous system (CNS).
3. The integration center consists of one or more synapses in the CNS.
4. A motor (efferent) neuron conducts a nerve impulse from the integration center
to an effector.
5. An effector responds to the efferent impulses by contracting (if the effector is a
muscle fiber) or secreting a product (if the effector is a gland).
Four Types of Reflexes:
(Deep tendon ( Patellar or knee jerk-1
2-Superficial ( Corneal, abdominal, Plantar , Cremastric reflex).
(Visceral ( Pupillary reflex to light and accommodation-3
4-Pathologic( Babinski , Extensor plantar reflex )

Reflex is evaluated according to:


1) amount (size, magnitude) of motor response.
2) latency (time to elicit motor response).
1- Deep reflexes (The receptors are in the tendons and muscles) which include:
a- Knee reflex.
b- Ankle reflex.
c- Biceps reflex.
d- Triceps reflex.
e- Jaw jerk.
2- Superficial reflexes which include (The receptors are in the skin and
mucous membrane)
a- Abdominal reflex.
b- Planter reflex.
1- Deep reflexes
Knee - Jerk:
By tapping the tendon between patella and tibia with a rubber - covered patellar.
Hammer, the monosynaptic reflex causes the muscle to contract; extends the knee.
So kicks the foot forward. (The subject should be sitting).
Ankle reflex:
The subject should lie on his back, the leg to be examined
is slightly flexed; tap the Achilles tendon with hammer, the
response is a contraction of the muscles with plantar
flexion of the foot.

The Biceps jerk:


Flex the elbow of the subject and support it on your left hand; now put the thumb of your
left hand firmly over the elbow, and at the same time slightly supinates.

The Triceps jerk:


Flex the elbow of your subject; now tap the triceps tendon just proximal to its insertion,
the normal response.

2- Superficial reflexes
Abdominal reflex:
By a key or wooden stick scratch on abdominal wall outside to midline normally, there is
contraction of muscle and movement of umbilicus.
Planter reflex:
Scratch the outer bode of sole with a key normally, the big toe goes down ward flexion
and Adduction of all other toes.

Examination of sensory:
1- Test for touch sensation: stimulation of tactile receptors in skin or in
tissues’; immediately beneath the skin.
2- Pain.
3- Temperature.
4- Position sense.

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