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Noteaa

The document outlines various programming concepts in Python, including operations with floats and integers, assignment statements, and the use of functions and assertions. It also discusses data structures like lists, strings, and dictionaries, along with their properties such as mutability and indexing. Additionally, it covers boolean operations, control flow with loops, and the importance of operator precedence.

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kelly.sun.du
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7 views3 pages

Noteaa

The document outlines various programming concepts in Python, including operations with floats and integers, assignment statements, and the use of functions and assertions. It also discusses data structures like lists, strings, and dictionaries, along with their properties such as mutability and indexing. Additionally, it covers boolean operations, control flow with loops, and the importance of operator precedence.

Uploaded by

kelly.sun.du
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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T4: |a % b = a - b * (a // b) Kelly Du

| oat if: 1.if either operand oat


2. / -> oat
e exponentiationalsofloat
2430258
3. a ** b where b < 0
|can compare int with oat; int(3.9) == 3 302 300.0
|not a -> True if a False, False if a True
|other type of quotes can be freely used in str (anything can be used for
triple quotes) comrawson
|one line if not triple quotes diff types
“p” * 2 -> “pp”; “p”+”p” -> “pp”;
i “p” in “pp” -> True
m
|overloading (di things for operand): from least to greatest A-Z, a-z

T5: |assignment statement: name = expression variables


|if expresses alternation; if expression is true then run; elif: once a
clause’s exp. True, body(statements list) runs, no more further action
|while expresses iteration: Bool exp called condition
as m mpi
T6: |module = single Python le; package = many modules in folders import math -> math.pi

T7: |lists and str = sequences (ordered) of arbitrary values /characters from math importsorpi
* -> pi
|concatenated for str/list: [2.1, 3.2] + [7.8] -> [2.1, 3.2, 7.8]; repeated:
lrespectively
3 * [5] = [5, 5, 5] ||| “A”<“B”/“A”<“AA”/“AA”<“AB”/[1]<[2]/[1]<[1,0]/
[1,1,9]<[1,2,0] ||| len(‘’) == len([]) == 0
|slicing (numbers are indices): start( default = 0, included, doesnt
have to exist) :end(default to the end, excluded, doesnt have to
exist) :step(optional, default=1)
“programiz.pro”[-4:-2] -> .p / "abcdefghij"[2::3] -> “c ”
|list mutable bc value iself can be changed; str immutable
can assign new values to list: ls = [7, 9, 8] negation not
ls[1] = 11 >>>print(ls) -> [7, 11, 8]
| “8” + 2 INVALID/“8” + “2” VALID coming chin

T8:|truth table represent Bool operations; output in rightmost column


and input in other columns (2^n rows for n inputs)
|x >= 'A' and x <= 'Z' #verify if x is uppercase letter
x >= '0' and x <= '9' # ‘‘ digit is str
|avoid comparions to True ex: 5 > 0 == True -> False
i
|precedence: not, and, or
|implicit conversion in Bool context: str,tuple,list of length 0 (empty
container/sequence)/…00/0.00…/ None
are equal to False; rest is True
|explicit conversion: bool(“False”) -> True (Not empty str)
|short-circuit: evaluate right side of Bool exp. only if needed ifa 0 thenerror
ex: A and B, if A is False then dont evaluate B (exp. False no matter
what) A or B, if A is True, dont evaluate B (exp. True “)

T10: |Functions (or procedures) called by another program or


function. When a function completes, it returns a value to the
caller.parameters are names of values passed to the function when it
is called (arguments are the actual exp.) return expression statement
de nes value of function call; None returns when expression omitted
or no return. optional docstring describes function def ssbbs(a, b):
ssbs(11, 22) “aaa”
11 assigned to parameter a, 22”b -> values become local to function
T11: |assert followed by an expression
|if expression True, nothing happens; if exp False, exception is raised ba varcanbecalledbut
ex: assert remaining_fraction(10, 10) == 0.5
AssationError notmodified ifuseglobal
vannameforassignment newlocal
van
iscreated
T9: |augmented assignment: all binary arithmetic operations support operation= -> x = x operation y e.g. +=
|for loop: for name in exp., exp. can be any iterable type (list, str, range)
|name doesnt have to be previously assigned, name will be assigned to value of each element in exp.
|range() type: iterable, immutable, sequence of int; for x in range (5): -> 0,1,2,3,4
range(end): 0 to end-1; range(start, end): start to end - 1; range(start, end, step): skip by step e.g. for i in range(3, 13,
4) -> 3, 7, 11
can be indexed

I
Assertion
Error

T13: |collection type contains multiple values/sequence=ordered collection(ex:list,range,str);items numbered 0to N-1
|dictionary = mutable&iterable collection: map from set of keys to group of values, key-value pair = item
|can be written: dc={‘red’:3,’blue’:2} |access values: print(dc[‘red’]) -> 3
|dict: d1 = dict() same as d2 = {} |add item to dict w/ assignment: d1[‘bass’]=2 \ replace existing value: d1[‘bass’]+=1
|sequence=map from index i to value x[i] \dictionary generalizes this: map from arbitrary set(not ordered int) to values
|construct dict: 1.a=[[‘red’, 0], [‘blue’, 8]] >>> d=dict(a) 2.d=dict(red=0, blue=8) 3.keys=[‘red’, ‘blue’] f
d=dict.fromkeys(keys, 0) -> {'red': 0, 'blue': 0} |operators: 1.comparions (=, !=) item order dont matter 2.check key
present in dict: k in d 3.dict cant +,*,<=, <, >=, >, slices

hgg gyqy
T12: |method: function associated with type, name not global
|immutable values change only by assignment (with = ) e.g. y =
y.upper(); assignment works for all types of values
I |mutable can be changed by functions or methods (return
values might not be
expected)
I can also be modi ed
by assignment to index
C
read
y exp. e.g. x[7-2] += 3
removefirst
immutable types cant fog

lint yggfa.name www.t

versiontype
doesn't modifystr itself
only returns

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