SANDIP FOUNDATION'S

SANDIP
SHRIRAM POLYTECHNIC
FOUNDATION'S At Village :Sijoul, Post :Mailam, Dist: Madhubanl, Bihar-847235 Date

UNIT-1
THERMAL POWER PLANTS: COAL, GAS- DESEL
AND NUCLEAR BASED

YINTRODUCTI0N
The nain funcion of geneating stations is to
tonveut Some forsm
ene 4 into ele chical

|eng
|elosk diagram of
ene COn veHSiO D

Snpot Paime eneah Dutb

Qle ma
tntgy
Soue
en e

thenal
rmal power plants, we get theunas eneugy
om VOuious SOUTes, hehey mal enen g
is Used to 9erate steam and the Ybam
otote. the ropine which Loupled with
the gene aton that qeneuates elechieitg
Powe
wnveted
plank, in
into
whi h
elecmcal thenaenen ett
gy 1YO calle d
ene 4

theH ma powe plant

 |factog attecing site selection of theuma
Ipowe þlant
DCiose to the fuel So
SOUte.
i wate Avala biuty
troRequive Lauge
(lose to the
ond
demand
arrea

cenre
Avalability of hronsp0tatton.
)|Away
pollton,
hon Re sidernial uea as Tt Cause

ot waste disþosal
*|LAOUT AND wORKING 0 TY PICAL THERMMAL
PowER PL ANT (COAL BASED).

Loa
hopp AHer
Trablr
kehtoy

PotvexizeH

Psedpitako londense
feed
wate þnmþ
 SANDIP FOUNDATION'S
SANDIP
SHRI RAM POLYTECHNIC
FOUNDATION'S At Village:Sijoul, Post:Mailam, Dist : Madhubani,Bihar -847235 Date

Y Coal Hopþe
Sn the toas hop pe, toa is stored
tombustion,

Polveuize
S4 is used to baealk the coal into powdewed
tor bette tombuStion.

Boi le
The coal is burnt and WateA S Conveted
into steam în the boile.

+|| SupeH Heotey

|94 iS use0 to Subey heat the stearm at 54 o%
the ho ttest þaut of the boile,

Aig Pre- heateH

94 ls used to be- beat the ai and this boe -
heated fs injected with oat fn
ih the boile.
Advantag e of
ot poe-heoting aig is that it
imþoove's ombu stion.

|Conomize
a device to e oVe heat
Hhe tlve qases betoe leav'ng the water
|tubes, Supe heateutubes
ThiS tncreases the 10-2y,
by educing fve conSumþtion
 team obeN ated Dime Move / Tubins
device which tonve ts the
en e qy of steam ?nto mechanteal en e Qy
Subeheated steam Arom boi leg expan
the
Dn the, tuolne and otateg it

+||Condense
The ond en se on den se the steom attev
expansion Ove tuobine.
ne con den sed exhaust
he s againfed to
IHthe boile. Thís
Thís medue 4hreh ntake
llof wate.
Conden se are ot two types !
iTet tonden seu
wnd ense, exbaust steQm
wiH OOUng wate andÞ. con den sate
so
ean n0t be meo veted s feed watev
to boilea.
Londensate termþeatUe Is sa me as
th at o
ond ense
the
Loplina wate
lea ving the

Due to mixing ot
steom and ooüng wo te
liet Lon denseU mequires less quanti
LonUn
y
watey tor c0ndensation
They gim ble in conshry eion and
eheop eN in (bg
They aue not qeneally uSed dve ho the
osso conden ate
 SANDIP FOUNDATION'S
SHRIRAM POLYTECHNIC
SANDIP
FOUNDATION'S At Village:Sijoul, Post : Mailam, Dist : Madhubani, Bihar -847235 Date

| Sutace Tube ondenseu.

t is 4n
th mo widely used ondenseu
onsists o4 shel ahd tube heat exrhanger
wates flows inside the tu bes ahd
exhavst steom i: conoie d away D.
a te, an d gteatn
the conden sed pumpe
con den sate þump fnto boile
l e cooing wáte tooled In
|to wel, cnoling
||3n thi's tybe ondenSe, +hee
thee isis no dect
ontat between erhoust steam and ooing wate
|The exhaust steam conveH ted nto wo ten s
boile4

o)|Spray Ponds
Tey aue reservotr in whr Ch war waeu
eooled betor -Use b spoaying the
Watey
with no32 t e oole ar.
no3g les Into the
watey (s cooled bu eehan ge of heat between
wateH dnob le
eNaborat ve ooUng sumoun ding alr and

The noggles used for eþraying should be SUh

that they must þroduce spra of watey
The sþang betw een n0gales ghould be dbovt
9. 5 to 3 m Ing &nd s ho vld be þlaced 2 ho 3 m
labove the bond
b)| Cooung Toweus
Cootin& tower reje
eje cs waste
waste heat to the
atmotpheMe thoouqh the to0Ung of wateN
|stream to Lo we tempewaore
They m4
may evoboraton wate ho
oemoVe Beat and cool the worteng fluld
near the wet- bulb air emþenathe. or
|Cn with atr to ool the w07leing
Hlut d ne onr doy- bulb air temperature.
CUu e methode ot coong
t)l|Natural Drathhtoo Ung Toweu
he condensa t wate krom the condense
to be ooled ís punped at abDut
above the qaound tnto the ro vqh and
ne hogAles àt The bo ttom ot the troughs
Hhe
thin sheers
|Thee thin sheess ot waten breale undeH
orce of qavity and when it sha'lres
with the hdles,
The cinculaton of Qir
tor tootng the
water ?s fnduted by enclosing the heated
ai in the chim ney as th neated air
ahtes he suarourding aiz of otm osþhe
duces a ai-tfeence of pressuTe caUsfng
lnatual drav ght of Qim for L0oUng
wotew.
 SANDIP FOUNDATION'S
SANDIIP
SHRIRAM POLYTECHNIC
FOUNDATION'S AtVillage :Sijoul, Post : Mailam, Dist : Madhubani, Bihar -847235 Date

oced / Mecho nical

ravght too Ung /Jnduted (boung
Poced cooUng towe nove Onoion tal
shaft
Thís fan
coing
tan on
hove
on the stde of the
disch ages al towods
ng towew
he
towe añd then ft ís tuned
by meanS o bat{les 3n the
proress it ools the tatUng. Waferr.
Can speeds ot the odes ot (00 pm arse
uced tor this ouop ose.
They(
ae USed tor lawge capo city îngtalahon.
ue
COnsume poweu and have

Ngh opo oting

Alteunatorr
AlteHnatox Used in theunal plan k ae tubo
lattewnaaS they Coubled with Steam
turbt ns whích Un at 8000 om hence
have bnly two poles tor pnododng 50
H2 requen cy of uolta qe induced.
N Dispos al ot nucdeon waste
Afto foel is Consu med the matedal lest în the mea oto
is nuler waste: 94is composed ot manly Uranum.
ano stee. Ate nuoear eaoWon, n any raiim
aorny e spUt inho vaous fs otobe ot ranaiton
achve. s0 tha
ad'oahue,
metals. This waste is highy adSo
epsore ot tew Suond wi! cause death.
Snitasy, the wastk is Kebt unde water (ocean) for
Hew Aesnfu ad afon evels have redseed. Then
kept s stor age cAse made ot conorete blace
UndegOUnd watt Nulear waste ane în
Sott d Sorap materas- one kept in sheld boes
made up of conote and buded deep undengound.
Uquid- Dlscharrged atter ltonahon, di whon aduhng
PH, Radoaehve Uqutdy are styred in shielded tanles,
0seDUs - DilvBed with ain, pass ed through fuer
and th en released in
admasp hene through helgtd chimneg
Nodeor Sheldy
Nodear bowe plans bmodute madioahve radiahory
These aue vey haumtul o wode ensinplans ond
peoble Uving neorsoy so, to aNotd 9t ghiesdiy s
done Sbte Shil ding bmotecs peop le, 2quipment
enionment fnm ood'oaive radvao. Dense
madera, Gre reybired for shely
Con orr ee Condo horal She
Leas II 300 lea fm . lheape
stee 1800 tegIm
Cadum -6SO
- lea Im - Abs0 obs slo neuhoy